A Secure Iris Biometric Recognition System

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
Richa Gupta ◽  
Priti Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Biometric Recognition ◽  
Replay Attack ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

Security-related issues are creeping in almost every authentication problem. Even the secured systems may be exposed to unknown attacks. While addressing one aspect of security, one tends to forget how vulnerable our system is to other attacks. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impact of these attacks completely and also to get a vision of the hazard they may put when combined together. In this chapter, the authors focus on two such attacks on iris biometric: replay attack and template attack. They provide a detailed analysis of current research work on each of it individually. The comparative study of solutions to these individual attacks is done with the techniques that aim at combining these two attacks. The authors clearly bring out the advantages of the latter approach, which is the driving force in need for a shift to more innovative ideas.

scholarly journals Response of a C-Shaped Building Under Blast Loadings

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1012-1016
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Blast Load ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Element Program ◽  
Live Loads ◽  
Triangular Function ◽  
The Comparative Study

Our structures especially building structures, are designed basically for dead loads, live loads for static loading conditions and for wind, earthquake and their combinations for dynamic lateral loadings. As the structures are not designed for unexpected blast load conditions it is not possible for the structures to resist such destructive forces of blast impacts. In this research work a comparative study has been done for the blast forces and earthquake forces. For this study purpose a C-shaped building was modelled for the analysis in finite element program SAP-2000. Initially the building model was analysed for Dead loads, live loads and Earthquake loads. In the second model the building is designed for Blast load. Blast load was defined as a triangular function using codal provisions suggested by IS-4991. The results then are compared and it was checked how far a building designed for EQ can withstand a blast of specific amount of TNT. Also the effect of blast forces due to shape of the building is checked. The comparative study has been mapped and indicated in the paper.

scholarly journals The Effect of Electricity Supply on the Performance of Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises in Nigeria: A Case Study of Calabar South and Calabar Municipality of Cross River State

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian E. Bassey ◽  
Imoh Kingsley Ikpe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
The Comparative Study

This research work analyzed the comparative study of the effect of electricity supply on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality,using small and medium scale businessmen and women as well as power holding company staff. The objectives of this study to analyze the comparative study of the effect of electricity supply on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality.The survey research design was adopted and a twelve (12) item structured questionnaire was used to obtain a sample size of 248 small and medium scale business owners and power holding staff randomly selected from the population. The results of the study revealed that there is a significant effect of electricity supply on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality. The results further revealed that insufficient electricity supply significantly affect the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality.The study concludes that there are enormous difficulties being experienced by businesses in Cross River State and other parts of Nigeria due to inadequate and unreliable electric power supply. Thus an inadequate and unreliable supply of electricity imposes costs and therefore constrained firms’ operational performance as firms suffer high overhead cost due to the deficient electricity supply from the national grid. The study recommends that the Nigerian government needs to consider the issue of power supply reliability very seriously by facilitating both private and public investment in electricity infrastructure.

Federalism

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Beramendi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

This article provides a partial but necessary review of the dominating themes, evolution, and pending tasks that await the comparative politics of federalism. The basic premise of this article is taken from rational choice institution-alism. The article fist delimits federalism as an institution, before it pays attention to the impact of federalism on democracy and the workings of the economy. An analysis of federalism as an endogenous institution is provided. The article also mentions a number of methodological considerations on the comparative study of the origins and consequences of federalism. It ends with a discussion of the various challenges that lie ahead of the field.

Small respiratory passages dysfunction in bronchial asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kytikova ◽  
M. V. Antonyuk ◽  
B. I. Gel'tser ◽  
E. E. Mineeva ◽  
T. A. Gvozdenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Timely Treatment

The small respiratory passages dysfunction (SRPD) is found in the vast majority of patients with bronchial asthma (BA). The SRPD is currently recognized as the important pathogenetic feature of BA. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current scientific knowledge about the poorly studied aspects of the small respiratory passages (SRR) participation in the development of pathological process in BA, as well as the impact of small bronchial dysfunction on the clinical course, the exacerbation frequency and the disease control. The importance of SRPD diagnostics in BA patients for optimal and timely treatment is discussed. The modern methods of RPD pathology diagnostics are described; their informative use in the comparative study aspect is considered.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE WAVE ATTACK ANTICIPATED UPON A STRUCTURE FROM LABORATORY AND FIELD OBSERVATIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
W.A. Venis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Spring System ◽  
Mass Spring ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

Model tests have been carried out to obtain an insight into the magnitude of the wave-pressures in various situations. These tests showed, that sharp high pressure peaks occur in addition to the pressures caused by the reflecting of the waves, which pressures are quasi-static. As the structure can be compared with a multiple mass-spring system these pressure-peaks may cause the whole construction to vibrate. Wave-attack therefore can be expressed in terms of impact. Moreover, calculations revealed that the impact pressures were critical factors in determining the strength of the structure. So many model tests were carried out to determine the design and location of the sluices. These tests involved numerous water-levels discharges and waves. Regarding the pressure-peaks a comparative study was made in the model, which led to the structure being designed in such a way that the occurrence of critical impacts was reduced to an acceptable minimum. As it was impossible to avoid the occurrence of impact pressures entirely it remained necessary to determine a basic load for the structure that takes care of the impact pressures. As it has not yet appeared possible physically to determine a theoretical maximum for the impact pressures, it has to be borne in mind that there is a probability that each pressure measured will be exceeded. So this paper describes, how the cumulative frequency curve of the impacts for the case mentioned in 1.1 sub a, which served as a basis for determining the basic load was arrived at by a certain combination of laboratory and field observations. The data used for this purpose were a. Results of wave-impact measurements on a model of the sluices. This model, built in accordance with the results of the comparative study, was situated in the wind-flume of the "de Voorst" hydraulic laboratory. b. Wave height measurements in the Haringvliet during 1957 and 1958. c. Wind-speed measurements on board the lightship Qoeree, likewise during 1957 and 1958. d. Tidal registrations at Hellevoetsluis from 1920 to 1960. e. Wind-force data from the Hook of Holland, likewise from 1920 to 1960.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IMAGE FILTERING ON VARIOUS NOISY PIXELS

2013 ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
SONALI R. MAHAKALE ◽  
NILESHSINGH V. THAKUR
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Image Filtering ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Work Done

This paper deals with the comparative study of research work done in the field of Image Filtering. Different noises can affect the image in different ways. Although various solutions are available for denoising them, a detail study of the research is required in order to design a filter which will fulfill the desire aspects along with handling most of the image filtering issues. An output image should be judged on the basis of Image Quality Metrics for ex-: Peak-Signal-to-Noise ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Execution Time.

scholarly journals A dataset of regressions in web applications detected by end-to-end tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar Soto-Sánchez ◽  
Michel Maes-Bermejo ◽  
Micael Gallego ◽  
Francisco Gortázar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Spring Framework ◽  
Apply Research ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Unit Tests

AbstractEnd-to-end tests present many challenges in the industry. The long-running times of these tests make it unsuitable to apply research work on test case prioritization or test case selection, for instance, on them, as most works on these two problems are based on datasets of unit tests. These ones are fast to run, and time is not usually a considered criterion. This is because there is no dataset of end-to-end tests, due to the infrastructure needs for running this kind of tests, the complexity of the setup and the lack of proper characterization of the faults and their fixes. Therefore, running end-to-end tests for any research work is hard and time-consuming, and the availability of a dataset containing regression bugs, documentation and logs for these tests might foster the usage of end-to-end tests in research works. This paper presents a) a dataset for this kind of tests, including six well-documented manually injected regression bugs and their corresponding fixes in three web applications built using Java and the Spring framework; b) tools for easing the execution of these tests no matter the infrastructure; and c) a comparative study with two well-known datasets of unit tests. The comparative study shows that there are important differences between end-to-end and unit tests, such as their execution time and the amount of resources they consume, which are much higher in the end-to-end tests. End-to-end testing deserves some attention from researchers. Our dataset is a first effort toward easing the usage of end-to-end tests in research works.

scholarly journals Just retreat—how different countries deal with it: examples from Austria and England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Thaler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFlood risk management has developed a large inventory of potential actions to climate-related hazards. Within this wide array of measures, managed retreat of communities at risk is usually only taken into account if other strategies are ineffective or unavailable. Communities who are affected by managed retreat are confronted with radical changes in their livelihood. However, managed retreat is highly contested. The use of managed retreat includes not only the relocation of house owners but also has the challenge that it discriminates between landowners as some gain and others lose. Therefore, managed retreat raises issues of social justice. To mitigate the impact on land, compensation plays a crucial role in flood risk management. The level and kind of compensation varies between countries across the globe. In this paper, we compare two different policy compensation frameworks in two European countries: Austria and England. The comparative study shows how different compensation schemes affect social justice, both in terms of substantive distributions but also in terms of procedural justice.

A Comparative Study Among Recursive Metaheuristics for Gene Selection

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Nassima Dif ◽  
Zakaria Elberrichi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bat Algorithm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Convergence ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Refinement Procedure ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

This chapter compares 4 variants of metaheuristics (RFA, EMVO, RPSO, and RBAT). The purpose is to test the impact of refinement on different types of metaheuristics (FA, MVO, PSO, and BAT). The refinement helps to enhance exploitation and to speed up the search process in multidimensional spaces. Moreover, it presents a powerful tool to solve different issues such as slow convergence. The different methods have been used for gene selection on 11 microarrays datasets to solve their various issues related to the presence of irrelevant genes. The obtained results reveal the positive impact of refinement on FA, MVO, and PSO, where all performances have been improved. On the other hand, this process harmed the BAT algorithm. The comparative study between the 4 variants highlights the efficiency of EMVO and FA in terms of precision and dimensionality reduction, respectively. Overall, this study suggests drawing attention to the choice of embedded metaheuristics in the refinement procedure, where powerful methods in exploration are recommended. Moreover, metaheuristics that risk form fast convergence are not advised.

أثر المنهج القرآني في الحديث عن النصرانية عند علماء المسلمين معالم منهج الفخر الرازي في دراسة النصرانية أنموذجا The Impact of the Qur’anic Approach on the Discussion of Christianity among Muslim Scholars

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-125
Author(s):  
سيكو مارافا توري ◽  
عصام التجاني محمد إبراهيم
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Subjective Interpretation ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

الملخّصيدرك المتتبع حقيقة حديث القرآن عن الأديان الأخرى بجانب بيانه الشافي للإسلام نفسه بين دفتيه. ولا ريب أن لهذه الظاهرة ثمراتها ومستلزماتها. أهمها ضرورة خوض المفسِّر وكثير من علماء المسلمين في الحديث عن الأديان، ومحاولة تأسي كثير من علماء المسلمين المختصين في علم الكلام والأديان بالمنهج القرآني لدى دراستهم للأديان؛ رغم إمكانية دراسة الأديان بمناهج أخرى غير المنهج القرآني، لأنّ المنهج يختلف باختلاف الهدف والغاية من الدراسة، ومنها النقاش العلمي حول أسبقية علماء المسلمين في دراسة الأديان: أيرجع ذلك إليهم أم إلى الغرب في العصر الحديث؟! وتبع ذلك إشكالية الموضوعية في دراسة الأديان. تسعى هذه الورقة إلى دراسة معالم منهج الإمام الرازي في دراسة النصرانية، ومدى تأثره في ذلك بالقرآن الكريم، وهل هو عين المناهج العلمية المعاصرة في دعوى دراسات الأديان المقارنة. وسيتبع الباحثان المنهج التحليلي في دراسة المنهج القرآني أولا بعد تتبع الآيات المعنية في ذلك، وفي استخراج وإبراز معالم منهج الرازي في دراسته للنصرانية. ومن أهم نتائج البحث أن ضرورة تفسير القرآن الكريم أدى إلى الخوض في دراسة دين آخر.      الكلمات المفتاحيّة: منهج القرآن الكريم، التفسير الموضوعي، الخطاب القرآني، دراسات قرآنية، النصرانية، الفخر الرازي.             AbstractThe Qur’an contains essential and significant accounts of other religions, providing enough room for Muslim scholars of Qur’anic interpretation. In these endeavours, Muslim scholars have adopted the approach of the Qur’an despite the availability of other methods. This is because methods differ according to the goals behind the study. Question has been raised as to who were first to engage in the study of other religions: Muslims or the western scholars in the modern age? There is also the question of objectivity in the study of religions. This paper examines hallmarks in the approach of ImÉm al-RÉzÊ toward the study of Christianity, and the extent it was influenced by the Qur’an, and whether it reflects contemporary scientific methods in the comparative study of religions. The researchers adopt the analytical method in the study of the Qur’anic approach after which it then extracts and highlights the hallmarks of Razi’s approach to the study of Christianity. As the paper concludes, there is a need to interpret the Qur’an’s description of other religions.Keywords: Qur’anic Methodology, Subjective Interpretation, Qur’anic Discourse, Qur’anic Studies, Christianity, Fakhr al-RÉzÊ.

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