Geospatial Technology in Urban Sprawl Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Srutisudha Mohanty ◽  
Jagabandhu Panda ◽  
Sudhansu S. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Urban Models ◽  
Development Goals

The emergence of alienated patch in the periphery of the city or fragmentation of the main city are the results of irresponsible and poor planning. This global problem of sprawl is strengthening even more with the hasty pace of urbanization. Despite the existing policies and regulations, it is a huge failure to control the sprawl. Hence, city planners and policy makers need to be more efficient in designing the cities to achieve sustainable development goals. For that purpose, adequate and informative data of the urban morphology, growth pattern, sprawl characteristics are required. Geospatial technology is a cost-effective measure and best among currently available techniques for collecting real-time/near real-time geographical data of the entire globe. The geographic information system (GIS) provides numerous tools for assessment of multidimensionality of urban sprawl. This chapter discusses various urban models, different forms of urban expansion, and a few existing methods to quantify sprawl.

scholarly journals Is Urban Sprawl Decoupled from the Quality of Economic Growth? Evidence from Chinese Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhai Lu ◽  
Danling Chen ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Differences

This paper investigates how urban sprawl and the quality of economic growth interact and further studies the spatial-temporal decoupling characteristics of both. To achieve this, a framework was developed to better explain both the different dimensional effects urban sprawl exerts on the quality of economic growth and their reverse feedback relation. A sample of 285 Chinese cities (2003 to 2016) were analyzed, employing both a decoupling model and spatial correlation analysis. The findings indicated that urban sprawl and the quality of economic growth are related via scale, structure, technological efficiency, and technological progress effects. In practice, with increasing quality of economic growth, the urban sprawl index decreases at the national level. At prefecture-city level, the types of decoupling between urban sprawl and the quality of economic growth showed clear periodical and unbalanced characteristics. Furthermore, decoupling showed a significant agglomeration effect in Chinese cities, which is mainly mediated by the types High-High and Low-Low. This study provides a significant contribution to the relevant acknowledge system by providing a comprehensive theoretical framework toward an understanding of how urban expansion interacts with the quality of economic growth. Furthermore, their decoupling types and spatial differences that are critical for the urban sustainable development have been identified, thus providing several important insights for both academics and urban policy makers.

scholarly journals Urban Expansion and Growth Boundaries in an Oasis City in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Jiayuguan City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Jun Ren ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Xuelu Liu ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Simulation Accuracy ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Ca Model

China is undergoing rapid urbanization, which has caused undesirable urban sprawl and ecological deterioration. Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) are an effective measure to restrict the irrational urban sprawl and protect the green space. However, the delimiting method and control measures of the UGBs is at the exploratory stage in China. In this paper, a cellular automata model based on multi-criteria evaluation (MCE-CA) was proposed to delimit the UGBs. The MCE-CA model considers influencing factors related to urban growth and generates UGBs based on spatiotemporally dynamic simulations. The MCE-CA model was applied to generate the UGBs of Jiayuguan City in 2020 and 2030, the results show that the simulation accuracy is higher than 0.8 and the compactness increases to 0.23, which demonstrates that the MCE-CA model is an effective model for delimiting UGBs. Moreover, the MCE-CA model can corporate the contradiction between environmental protection and urban development, promoting urban smart growth and sustainable development. UGBs is an effective tool for China to realize ecological civilization construction and improve the spatial governance ability, and the MCE-CA model can be used to assist planners in delimiting future UGBs, this study provides a methodological reference for future research of UGBs in Chinese cities.

scholarly journals Modeling Fused Filament Fabrication using Artificial Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Oehlmann ◽  
Paul Osswald ◽  
Juan Camilo Blanco ◽  
Martin Friedrich ◽  
Dominik Rietzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

AbstractWith industries pushing towards digitalized production, adaption to expectations and increasing requirements for modern applications, has brought additive manufacturing (AM) to the forefront of Industry 4.0. In fact, AM is a main accelerator for digital production with its possibilities in structural design, such as topology optimization, production flexibility, customization, product development, to name a few. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a widespread and practical tool for rapid prototyping that also demonstrates the importance of AM technologies through its accessibility to the general public by creating cost effective desktop solutions. An increasing integration of systems in an intelligent production environment also enables the generation of large-scale data to be used for process monitoring and process control. Deep learning as a form of artificial intelligence (AI) and more specifically, a method of machine learning (ML) is ideal for handling big data. This study uses a trained artificial neural network (ANN) model as a digital shadow to predict the force within the nozzle of an FFF printer using filament speed and nozzle temperatures as input data. After the ANN model was tested using data from a theoretical model it was implemented to predict the behavior using real-time printer data. For this purpose, an FFF printer was equipped with sensors that collect real time printer data during the printing process. The ANN model reflected the kinematics of melting and flow predicted by models currently available for various speeds of printing. The model allows for a deeper understanding of the influencing process parameters which ultimately results in the determination of the optimum combination of process speed and print quality.

scholarly journals EU Labor Market Inequalities and Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Elena Jianu ◽  
Ramona Pîrvu ◽  
Gheorghe Axinte ◽  
Ovidiu Toma ◽  
Andrei Valentin Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
To Come ◽  
Business Practitioners ◽  
The Eu

Reducing inequalities for EU citizens and promoting upward convergence is one of the priorities on the agenda of the European Commission and, certainly, inequality will be a very important public policy issue for years to come. Through this research we aim to investigate EU labor market inequalities, reflected by the specific indicators proposed for Goal 8 assumed by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, based on cluster analysis for all the 27 Member States. The research results showed encouraging results from the perspective of convergence in the EU labor market, but also revealed a number of analyzed variable effects that manifested regional inequalities that were generated in the medium and long term. Based on the observations made, we want to provide information for policy-makers, business practitioners, and academics so as to constitute solid ground for identifying good practices and proposing to implement policies aimed at reducing existing inequalities and supporting sustainable development.

scholarly journals The Dimension of Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Broadness of Information in Italian Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Spallini ◽  
Virginia Milone ◽  
Antonio Nisio ◽  
Patrizia Romanazzi
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Regulatory Interventions ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Positive Correlations

In recent years, sustainability has become one of the key dimensions of business performance. The results obtained in terms of sustainability must be adequately communicated in suitable reports, the quality of which is determined by several factors. One of these, the breadth of information provided, plays a significant role. The aim of this paper is to measure the broadness of non-financial information in sustainability reports and correlate this to some selected variables that refer to corporate governance, i.e., the presence of an internal sustainability committee and of female directors; the characteristics of the report e.g., Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) citation; company features, number of employees, revenues, and Return On Assets ROA. For this purpose, 134 Italian companies were studied and a score based on the conformity of the NFD (non-financial disclosure) with the GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) standards was created. To test the research hypotheses, univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed. The results showed different behaviors by the companies in terms of sustainability policies. The GRISC (Global Reporting Initiative Score) has a greater concentration on mean values. Positive correlations were found between GRISC and the presence of an internal sustainability committee, SDG citation in the NFD and company size. This study offers support for policy makers and practitioners as it provides a measure of the breadth of sustainability information and relates this to the variables analyzed. The latter depend on regulatory interventions or company policies which are implemented, or could be implemented, to improve the extent of the NFD.

scholarly journals Mental Health and the City in the Post-COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7533
Author(s):  
Jakub Bil ◽  
Bartłomiej Buława ◽  
Jakub Świerzawski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The City

The article describes the risks for the mental health and wellbeing of urban-dwellers in relation to changes in the spatial structure of a city that could be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A year of lockdown has changed the way of life in the city and negated its principal function as a place of various meetings and social interactions. The danger of long-term isolation and being cut-off from an urban lifestyle is not only a challenge facing individuals, but it also creates threats on various collective levels. Hindered interpersonal relations, stress, and the fear of another person lower the quality of life and may contribute to the development of mental diseases. Out of fear against coronavirus, part of the society has sought safety by moving out of the densely populated city centres. The dangerous results of these phenomena are shown by research based on the newest literature regarding the influence of COVID-19 and the lockdown on mental health, urban planning, and the long-term spatial effects of the pandemic such as the urban sprawl. The breakdown of the spatial structure, the loosening of the urban tissue, and urban sprawl are going to increase anthropopressure, inhibit access to mental health treatment, and will even further contribute to the isolation of part of the society. In addition, research has shown that urban structure loosening as a kind of distancing is not an effective method in the fight against the SARS-COV pandemic. Creating dense and effective cities through the appropriate management of development during and after the pandemic may be a key element that will facilitate the prevention of mental health deterioration and wellbeing. It is also the only possibility to achieve the selected Sustainable Development Goals, which as of today are under threat.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Real-Time Metabolic Profiling of Cancer Cell Lines for Plate-Based Assays

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Blaszczak ◽  
Zhengchu Tan ◽  
Pawel Swietach
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Oxygen Utilization

A fundamental phenotype of cancer cells is their metabolic profile, which is routinely described in terms of glycolytic and respiratory rates. Various devices and protocols have been designed to quantify glycolysis and respiration from the rates of acid production and oxygen utilization, respectively, but many of these approaches have limitations, including concerns about their cost-ineffectiveness, inadequate normalization procedures, or short probing time-frames. As a result, many methods for measuring metabolism are incompatible with cell culture conditions, particularly in the context of high-throughput applications. Here, we present a simple plate-based approach for real-time measurements of acid production and oxygen depletion under typical culture conditions that enable metabolic monitoring for extended periods of time. Using this approach, it is possible to calculate metabolic fluxes and, uniquely, describe the system at steady-state. By controlling the conditions with respect to pH buffering, O2 diffusion, medium volume, and cell numbers, our workflow can accurately describe the metabolic phenotype of cells in terms of molar fluxes. This direct measure of glycolysis and respiration is conducive for between-runs and even between-laboratory comparisons. To illustrate the utility of this approach, we characterize the phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines and measure their response to a switch of metabolic substrate and the presence of metabolic inhibitors. In summary, the method can deliver a robust appraisal of metabolism in cell lines, with applications in drug screening and in quantitative studies of metabolic regulation.

scholarly journals Traceable Air Baggage Handling System Based on RFID Tags in the Airport

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Yuanxin Ouyang ◽  
Yang He
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Handling System ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Baggage Handling

The RFID is not only a feasible, novel, and cost-effective candidate for daily object identification but it is also considered as a significant tool to provide traceable visibility along different stages of the aviation supply chain. In the air baggage handing application, the RFID tags are used to enhance the ability for baggage tracking, dispatching and conveyance so as to improve the management efficiency and the users’ satisfaction. We surveyed current related work and introduce the IATA RP1740c protocol used for the standard to recognize the baggage tags. One distributed aviation baggage traceable application is designed based on the RFID networks. We describe the RFID-based baggage tracking experiment in the BCIA (Beijing Capital International Airport). In this experiment the tags are sealed in the printed baggage label and the RFID readers are fixed in the certain interested positions of the BHS in the Terminal 2. We measure the accurate recognition rate and monitor the baggage’s real-time situation on the monitor’s screen. Through the analysis of the measured results within two months we emphasize the advantage of the adoption of RFID tags in this high noisy BHS environment. The economical benefits achieved by the extensive deployment of RFID in the baggage handing system are also outlined.

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