Innovation as an Improvement Tool for SMMEs

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-107
Author(s):  
Ayansola Olatunji Ayandibu ◽  
Makhosazana Faith Vezi-Magigaba ◽  
Irrshad Kaseeram
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
New Products ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Operational Process ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Marketing Methods

Innovation is one of the major instruments used to improve on the present position of an organisation. Innovation is a way of improving on the present market share while also enhancing competitive advantage for the organisation over its existing rivals. Innovation may be in the form of new products, or new services, or improvements to previous offerings. Innovation is the implementation of any new or significantly improved products (good and services), operational process (methods of production and services delivery), and new marketing methods (packaging, sales, and distribution methods), or new organisation or managerial methods or processes in business practices, workplace organisation, or external relations. Encouraging innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) plays the role of policy initiatives for stimulating growth and development at the local, regional, and national levels.

The Role of Social Networks in the Viral Marketing of IDM

2012 ◽  
pp. 234-245
Author(s):  
Bhatt Diptee ◽  
Chang Tai Hock ◽  
Wang Lihui ◽  
Ravi S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
New Products ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Viral Marketing ◽  
Marketing Methods

Social networks are structures consisting of individuals or organizations that enable powerful means of communicating and information sharing. Social networks make viral marketing and word-of mouth (WOM) marketing more effective than before. WOM particularly has received extensive attention in the literature. In this chapter, we discuss the value of social networks in business, especially focusing on the WOM marketing which relies on social ties and preexisting connections to spread marketing messages through a community. We discuss viral marketing using a WOM unit framework. Five qualities of a WOM unit are explained with examples. We illustrate new products and services like the iPhone and relate them with the WOM unit framework. It is recognized that WOM helps businesses spread their marketing message in a cost effective way. We found that WOM marketing plays a vital role in the IDM marketplace and conclude that businesses should actively promote and manage WOM communications using viral marketing methods to achieve desired behavioral response.

Promoting Sustainable Government Regulation: What We Can Learn From California

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Environmental Amenities ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Material Interest

This article describes and explains why the state of California has long played a leadership role in adopting innovative and stringent environmental standards. It argues that critical roles have been played by the state’s attractive natural environment, the extent of threats to its environmental quality, the material interest of citizens in protecting the natural environmental around where they lived, and the support of business interests who stood to benefit from protecting the state’s many environmental amenities. These dynamics are illustrated by several historical examples, which have laid the basis for the state’s current environmental policy initiatives. It concludes by generalizing from the experiences of California in order to explore the role of politics and public policies in promoting more sustainable business practices.

Role of chromium (III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
R. Iskra ◽  
V. Vlizlo ◽  
R. Fedoruk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

The results of our studies and the data of modern literature regarding the biological role of Cr(III) compounds in conditions of their application in the nutrition for pigs and cattle are discussed. The metabolic impact of Cr(III), coming from different sources – mineral and organic compounds, obtained by chemical synthesis or a nanotechnological method (chromium citrate), as well as in the form of biocomplexes from the cultural medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts was analyzed. The metabolic connection between the impact of Cr(III) and the biosynthesis of some hormones – insulin, cortisol – as well as the sensitivity of some tissues and organs to the effect of chromium compounds was studied. A considerable part of the review material was dedicated to the metabolic effect of Cr(III) compounds on the reproductive function of pigs and cattle and their impact on the viability of the offspring and gametes of animals. The data about the stimulating effect of Cr(III) on the growth and development of the organism of piglets and calves, meat and milk performance of these species of animals are discussed. The relevance of dosing Cr(III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle is highlighted.

GEOPHYSICS OF ENTANGLED STATES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND QUANTUM TELEPORTATION OF SARS COV-2 IN THE PLANET'S BIOGEOSPHERE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gavrilov ◽  
Tatyana Antipova ◽  
Yan Vlasov ◽  
Sergey Ardatov ◽  
Anastasia Ardatova
Keyword(s):  
Entangled States ◽  
Classical Communication ◽  
Special Services ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Principle Of Complementarity

In their previous works , leading their history since 1988, the authors of this article have repeatedly conceptually shown and experimentally verified the results of research on the teleportation of information between macro objects. Early author's works were performed during the existence of the Russian Federation – as a country called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Some of which were marked "Top Secret" - links further down the text. Since they were performed under the supervision of the relevant special services and further "Department of external relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences". The authors used numerous examples to demonstrate the possibility of teleportation of information in macro-systems, including ecosystem, biogeocenotic levels, and then tissue and organism levels. Successful experimental verifications occurred only in cases when all the principles and rules laid down in the theory of quantum information, applied to biological objects, were correctly combined. Namely, the preparation of cascades of entangled States was performed both on the mental and somatic levels. In full accordance with the principle of complementarity and taking into account the fact that the observer and the observed are actively connected by the sum of similarities. In addition, the role of the classical communication channel in this process was performed by carrier electromagnetic fields modulated by a useful signal. This signal represented a cast of the simulated experimental process. An example of a real COVID-19 pandemic is the verification of author's works in nature on a biogeocenotic scale. And certainly with anthropogenic – so to speak-participation.

The mediating role of medical professionalism on financial self-interest GPs

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X697193
Author(s):  
David McCaffrey ◽  
Chris O’Riordan ◽  
Felicity Kelliher
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Medical Professionalism ◽  
Fiscal Constraints ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Fluid Interpretation

BackgroundWhile no normative definition exists, medical professionalism emphasises a set of values, behaviours and relationships that underpin public trust in a physician. The empirical setting for this study is the Irish health care system where GPs receive income through a unique mix of private fee income and state funded capitation. GPs’ income per patient has fallen by 33% under state schemes between 2008 and 2013 due to changes in health policy and national fiscal constraints.AimThis paper examines how general practitioners conceptualise and operationalise medical professionalism and financial self-interest in the Irish healthcare system.MethodTo address this research aim, a historical documentary analysis (2009–2016) of national and medical newspapers was used to investigate GPs’ expressions of medical professionalism and financial self-interest.ResultsThe vagueness of language in differing definitions of medical professionalism may lead to a GP having a fluid interpretation depending on the situation. While general practitioners expressed core humanistic values, such as empathy and compassion, the expression of altruistic values were limited when practitioners indicated there was constraint on the financial resources of a practice.ConclusionCentral to the analysis of a medical practitioner’s treatment of patients and receipt of fee income is the tension between medical professionalism and financial self-interest. Developing an understanding of this tension has implications for those undertaking healthcare policy initiatives and the recruitment and retention of general practitioners in primary care.

Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Insect Attack

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Shoot–root carbon allocation, sugar signalling and their coupling with nitrogen uptake and assimilation

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yong-Ling Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Root Carbon ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Sugar Signalling

Roots and shoots are distantly located but functionally interdependent. The growth and development of these two organ systems compete for energy and nutrient resource, and yet, they keep a dynamic balance with each other for growth and development. The success of such a relationship depends on efficient root-shoot communication. Aside from the well-known signalling processes mediated by hormones such as auxin and cytokinin, sugars have recently been shown to act as a rapid signal to co-ordinate root and shoot development in response to endogenous and exogenous clues, in parallel to their function as carbon and energy resources for biomass production. New findings from studies on vascular fluids have provided molecular insights into the role of sugars in long-distance communications between shoot and root. In this review, we discussed phloem- and xylem- translocation of sugars and the impacts of sugar allocation and signalling on balancing root–shoot development. Also, we have taken the shoot–root carbon–nitrogen allocation as an example to illustrate the communication between the two organs through multi-layer root–shoot–root signalling circuits, comprising sugar, nitrogen, cytokinin, auxin and vascular small peptide signals.

An investigation into the role of enterprise information systems in enabling business innovation

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luay Anaya ◽  
Mohammed Dulaimi ◽  
Sherief Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enterprise Information Systems ◽  
Business Innovation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to articulate clear understanding about the role of enterprise information systems (EIS) in developing innovative business practices. Particularly, it aims to explore the different ways that make EIS enables innovation development. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted exploratory case study, based on qualitative approach. Investigations included two case studies each involved interviewing a number of senior information technology staff, working at these cases. Findings – The paper provides empirical insights about the EIS role in enabling innovation. The analysis of the case studies revealed that integrating an EIS with other system(s) or with digital devices can provide new practices that could not be easily available without these technologies. The study also found that applying data analytics tools into data accumulated from EIS, to extract new insights, lead to innovative practices. Practical implications – The study provides a set of recommendations for organizations interested to maximize the benefits from their investments in EIS. Originality/value – The paper provides evidences from cases in United Arab Emirates for the EIS role in enabling business innovation.

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