Industry 4.0 in Emerging Economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Verma ◽  
Vimal Kumar ◽  
Priyanka C. Bhatt ◽  
Vinayak Arvind kumar Drave ◽  
Sung-Chi Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Fast Tracking ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Developed Nations

Industry 4.0 has received a massive amount of attention worldwide in the past few years as a technological infrastructure to provide efficient operations in existing production systems as well as fast-tracking the implementation of internet-connected technologies across various industries. Industry 4.0 technologies have been considered as a strategy and implemented successfully in various developed countries. However, in emerging economies (or developing countries), the implementation of Industry 4.0 is not as successful as developed nations because of various challenges. However, fast-moving economies can take advantage of Industry 4.0 techniques as their requirement to operate at faster rates, capitalizing on new technologies that can drive efficiencies. This chapter examines the sustainability issues of Industry 4.0 in developing or emerging economies countries. These sustainability issues are related to scientific, technological, and societal issues.

Emerging Industrial Revolution: Symbiosis of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: The Role of Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Alfred Ngowi ◽  
Henk De Jager ◽  
Bankole O. Awuzie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Jobs

Growing consumerism and population worldwide raises concerns about society’s sustainability aspirations. This has led to calls for concerted efforts to shift from the linear economy to a circular economy (CE), which are gaining momentum globally. CE approaches lead to a zero-waste scenario of economic growth and sustainable development. These approaches are based on semi-scientific and empirical concepts with technologies enabling 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 6Rs (reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture, reduce, recover). Studies estimate that the transition to a CE would save the world in excess of a trillion dollars annually while creating new jobs, business opportunities and economic growth. The emerging industrial revolution will enhance the symbiotic pursuit of new technologies and CE to transform extant production systems and business models for sustainability. This article examines the trends, availability and readiness of fourth industrial revolution (4IR or industry 4.0) technologies (for example, Internet of Things [IoT], artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology) to support and promote CE transitions within the higher education institutional context. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of universities as living laboratories for experimenting the utility of industry 4.0 technologies in driving the shift towards CE futures. The article concludes that universities should play a pivotal role in engendering CE transitions.

scholarly journals A room with a view: a special issue with a special perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Simone Borghesi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Climate Policies

AbstractThe present article describes the main insights deriving from the papers collected in this special issue which jointly provide a ‘room with a view’ on some of the most relevant issues in climate policy such as: the role of uncertainty, the distributional implications of climate change, the drivers and applications of decarbonizing innovation, the role of emissions trading and its interactions with companion policies. While looking at different issues and from different angles, all papers share a similar attention to policy aspects and implications, especially in developing countries. This is particularly important to evaluate whether and to what extent the climate policies adopted thus far in developed countries can be replicated in emerging economies.

scholarly journals Business Value and E-Commerce Adoption

2019 ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
Anthony Akai Acheampong Otoo ◽  
Li Zhiwen ◽  
Charles Oduro Acheampong Otoo ◽  
Maxwell Opuni Antwi
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Business Value ◽  
Development Index ◽  
International Telecommunications ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
Developed Nations

The clear differences between developing nations and developed nations have posed an enormous problem in trying to design a “one-size-fits-all” theory of Electronic Commerce (EC) adoption. Most prior studies have proposed that generalizing findings of developed countries to the context of developing countries are of worry (Rahayu & Day, 2015; J. Tan, Tyler, & Manica, 2007). Table 1 shows the ICT Development Index (benchmarking tools to monitor information society developments worldwide) of some countries that have hosted the earlier literature on EC International Telecommunications Unions (ITU, 2017). These statistics may well indicate that businesses in developed countries and developing countries vary with regard to information technology and EC context<strong>.</strong> The latest ITU report in 2017 on ICT Development Index, ranks Ghana as the 112th country regarding ICT development in 2016, which shows a slight decline in the ranking compared to 111th in 2015 (the IDI value increased from 3.75 in 2015 to 3.99 in 2016). This may suggest that Ghana does not have appropriate infrastructure for effective e-business compared to countries like Singapore, China and USA.

scholarly journals Industry 4.0 and Developing Countries: Innovation Perspective of Ethiopia, India and Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Amrut Rao ◽  
Ravindra Pathak ◽  
Ashraf Mahmud Rayed
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Efficient Production

Ethiopia, India and Bangladesh are raising economic power, but have not yet integrated very much with the global economy and still have not achieved their potential in context of technology, globalization, and international competitiveness like developed countries. These countries have much strength, but at the same time , are facing many challenges in the increasingly competitive and fast changing global economy. The main key strengths of these courtiers are their large domestic market, young and growing population, a strong private sector with experience in market institutions, and a well developed legal and financial system. In today’s environment of global competition, technological development and innovation; companies, especially manufacturing, are forced to reconfigure their manufacturing and management processes. Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing are part of a transformation, in which manufacturing and information technologies have been integrated to create innovative systems of manufacturing, management and ways of doing business. This system allows optimizing manufacturing, to achieve greater flexibility, efficient production processes and generate a value added proposal for their customers, as well as to provide a timely response to their market needs. The objective of this work is to explore the Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing, environment requirement and relation of innovation in perspective of developing countries.

scholarly journals The structural characteristics of world trade and the merchandise exports of Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (181) ◽  
pp. 55-91
Author(s):  
Radovan Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
International Production ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Merchandise Trade

This paper analyses the world merchandise trade structure and the structure of Serbian merchandise exports. The analysis shows that the prominent characteristic of post-World War II world trade is more dynamic growth in the volume of manufactured goods as compared to agricultural goods. Due to the lessening share of agricultural products world merchandise trade has decreased and rapid industrialization has been fostered in developing countries. An increased share for developing countries followed the developed countries' decreasing share in world manufacturing trade. The developing countries' increased share was strongest in telecom and office equipment exports. These sectors are characterized by production fragmentation, which is being realized by transnational companies. Serbia, like the other South East European countries, has not yet managed to significantly integrate into international production networks. Serbia's most important exports are manufactured products with a low level of added value . In addition, Serbia still has a high share of primary products in its exports. A higher share of exports of goods and services in the gross domestic products (GDP) cannot be achieved without increasing imports of new technologies and equipment, i.e. without a higher investment share of the GDP. The main conclusion of this article is that the creation of a favorable investment climate and an increase in Serbia's international credit rating are the preconditions for stronger foreign direct investment (FDI), which would be the main channel for restructuring in the real sector. Creation of new small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through greenfield investment and their integration into the international production networks is the starting point for the restructuring of Serbian industrial production and merchandise export, i.e. the way of increasing the share of merchandise exports in the GDP.

A Strategic Framework for a Secure Cyberspace in Developing Countries with Special Emphasis on the Risk of Cyber Warfare

2019 ◽  
pp. 368-386
Author(s):  
Victor Jaquire ◽  
Basie von Solms
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Strategic Framework ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Developed Nations

The objective of this paper is to provide a strategic framework for a secure cyberspace in developing countries, taking cognisance of the realities and constraints within a developing milieu; and to discuss if the risk of cyber warfare and related techniques against developing countries should be addressed within ‘The Framework'. Cybersecurity policies and related strategies are required for developing countries in order to effectively safeguard against cyber related threats (the same as for developed countries). These policies and strategies for developing countries will differ from those of developed countries due to the unique realities within a developing world. Africa in specific is presently seen as a hotbed for cybercrime, and one of the reasons is that many African countries do not have a proper framework, policies and procedures to properly protect cyberspace. Experience has also shown that a pure adoption by developing countries of the cyber frameworks of developed nations will not always be effective, especially due to the unique requirements and realities within developing worlds, such as limited resources, infrastructure, technologies, skills and experience. It is also necessary when talking about a strategic framework to secure cyberspace, to discuss cyber warfare, its general application and its possible utilisation as part of the strategy to protect national critical information infrastructure. This, as part of a developing country's national security strategy in addition to traditional cybersecurity defence measures. The approach taken for the research program, and discussed in this paper, is based on a comprehensive literature study on several existing cybersecurity policies and strategies from both developed and developing countries. From this the drivers / elements for national cybersecurity policies and strategies were identified. These drivers were than adapted to specifically relate to the requirements of developing countries, and then, utilising the identified and adapted drivers, our strategic framework for developing countries to secure their cyberspace was developed. This document will be very useful for those African countries venturing into defining relevant policies and procedures.

Industry 4.0 and Its Effects on the Insurance Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
İsmail Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Production Order

Industry 4.0 defines the fourth industrial revolution, a new level in the organization and management of products and production systems. This cycle consists of services that include the entire chain, including individualized customer requests, product development, production order, distribution, and recycling to the end user. One of the most important preconditions for the realization of the Industry 4.0 revolution is that companies have completed their digital transformations. New technologies and digitalization have brought a new understanding of insurance. Insurance companies are focused on four areas such as big data, artificial intelligence, internet of objects, and blockchain in the changing world. With the changing habits of consumers in their daily lives, new generation insurance needs emerged. The introduction of a new era shaped by the insurance industry with new products, services, competitors, and customer expectations will have various effects. This chapter describes how Industry 4.0 transforms the insurance sector.

Comparing E-Government Research in Developed vs. Emerging Economies

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Laura Alcaide Muñoz ◽  
Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Government Research

Many countries have implemented changes in public sector management models based on the strategic and intensive use of new information and communication technologies. However, most research has focused on developed countries, with the area of emerging economies being neglected. This chapter offers a framework to help public administrators and researchers evaluate the field of e-Government research in emerging economies, identifying research gaps and possibilities for improvement in the context of e-government research in developing countries. The findings reveal the existence of various research gaps and highlight areas that should be addressed in future research, especially in developing countries. Indeed, the research approach to e-government remains immature, focusing on particular cases or dimensions, while little has been done to produce theories or models to clarify and explain the political processes of e-government.

Global Trends in Domestic savings and Longevity- Implications for India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Thilak Venkatesan ◽  
Venkataraman R
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship

Demographic dividend and the lowest median age among the earning population propels consumption and growth in India. Among the emerging economies, China had the leverage for growth through exports until 2008. India benefited by demographic dividend and this translates to providing income and thereby increases savings. On the other hand, the developed countries are experiencing problems of an aging economy, a deflationary scenario, and a pension burden. India, with its major workforce in the unorganized and private sector, needs to recognize the need for forward-looking policies that stimulate savings for a better lifestyle post-retirement. The study was focussed on the relationship between longevity (life expectancy), and domestic savings. The research observed divergence between the developed nations and India. A more futuristic policy action is suggested to motivate savings as the increase in population and higher levels of economic growth can be achieved with more domestic savings.

Use of crop residues and agro-industrial by-products in ruminant production systems in developing countries

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. N. Jayasuriya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
By Products

AbstractRuminant production systems in developing countries could be classified into three categories: the extensive systems, systems incorporating arable cropping and systems integrated with tree cropping. Systems have evolved in response to the agro-ecological environment, the availability and type of land, nature of cropping patterns, frequency and intensity of cropping, area of uncultivated land and animal species and animal numbers.Smallholder livestock farmers in most developing countries appear to have adopted a mixed system that incorporates the traditional extensive system and the system that combines arable cropping with livestock. Both in Africa and in Asia, livestock production is an important component of traditional agriculture, complementing arable cropping. Livestock utilize existing food resources such as communal grazing lands which are marginal for arable cropping, crop residues and agro-industrial by-products. Besides supplying meat and milk, organic manure and draft power, livestock are an investment and an insurance against crop failure.Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products are a major source of nutrients for ruminant livestock in developing countries, especially during periods of fodder shortage. Despite the large research effort on upgrading crop residues in recent years, there has been little improvement in the utilization of crop residues in developing countries. Reasons for this are many but include, the absence of detailed production patterns of crop residues within countries, including when and where they are produced, the difficulties of transporting and storing crop residues, inappropriate technology and the near absence of extension services.Both in the African and Asian continents, smallholder farmers who rear livestock for supplementary income are rather reluctant to change their traditional practices, when new technologies call for extra labour, time and capital, since the methods may be too demanding in relation to the benefit produced. The more likely application of any new technology will be with larger-scale operations where benefits are clearer and sufficiently large to warrant the extra efforts.

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