scholarly journals Industry 4.0 and Developing Countries: Innovation Perspective of Ethiopia, India and Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Amrut Rao ◽  
Ravindra Pathak ◽  
Ashraf Mahmud Rayed
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Efficient Production

Ethiopia, India and Bangladesh are raising economic power, but have not yet integrated very much with the global economy and still have not achieved their potential in context of technology, globalization, and international competitiveness like developed countries. These countries have much strength, but at the same time , are facing many challenges in the increasingly competitive and fast changing global economy. The main key strengths of these courtiers are their large domestic market, young and growing population, a strong private sector with experience in market institutions, and a well developed legal and financial system. In today’s environment of global competition, technological development and innovation; companies, especially manufacturing, are forced to reconfigure their manufacturing and management processes. Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing are part of a transformation, in which manufacturing and information technologies have been integrated to create innovative systems of manufacturing, management and ways of doing business. This system allows optimizing manufacturing, to achieve greater flexibility, efficient production processes and generate a value added proposal for their customers, as well as to provide a timely response to their market needs. The objective of this work is to explore the Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing, environment requirement and relation of innovation in perspective of developing countries.

THE VALUE CHAIN OF COMPETENCY MODEL FOR VIETNAMESE EDUCATIONAL MANAGERS IN THE INDUSTRY 4.0 REVOLUTION ERA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi My Hanh ◽  
Luis Alfaro ◽  
Tran Phuong Thao
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Model Of Competency ◽  
Personal Competencies

This world is constantly changing and rapidly moving,-particular in the Industry 4.0 revolution, people must change to follow and keeping with this new trend. Education is the human foundation toward the “Truth - Good - Beautiful”, and comprehensive development of personal competencies as knowledge, skills and behaviors. A nation, such as Vietnam, if they want to integrate into global economy and affirming their position, they will need the “Talented - Virtuous” human resource who could meet the high demand of society. The purpose of this study was to propose a model of competency value chain at individual level for the educational managers, analyzing some factors of this value chain model and how to apply to Vietnamese education system in the fourth Industry era. The authors wanted to focus on the social value added that the educational managers’competency could bring as the result of this research.

scholarly journals Automation technology as a key component of the Industry 4.0 production development path

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brecher ◽  
Aleksandra Müller ◽  
Yannick Dassen ◽  
Simon Storms
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Flexible Production Systems ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Automation Technology

AbstractSince 2011, the Industry 4.0 initiative is a key research and development direction towards flexible production systems in Germany. The objective of the initiative is to deal with the challenge of an increased production complexity caused by various factors such as increasing global competition between companies, product variety, and individualization to meet customer needs. For this, Industry 4.0 envisions an overarching connection of information technologies with the production process, enabling smart manufacturing. Bringing current production systems to this objective will be a long transformation process, which requires a coherent migration path. The aim of this paper is to represent an exemplary production development way towards Industry 4.0 using eminent formalization approaches and standardized automation technologies.

The Rise of Transnational Corporations from Developing Countries in the Second Half of the 20th Century

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Alexey Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment Stock

The article highlights three stages of the formation of multinationals from developing countries. Although first Argentine TNCs appeared at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, in the majority of the Global South countries TNCs appeared in the 1960s — 1980s. With the collapse of the bipolar world order, which in many developing countries was accompanied by significant internal political and economic transformations, the second stage of foreign expansion of TNCs from the Global South began. Indeed, in 1990 they accounted for 6 % of global outward foreign direct investment stock, while the figure was 10 % by the end of 2005. We date the beginning of the third stage to the financial and economic crisis of 2007—2009, since multinationals from developing countries as a whole are more successfully overcoming the period of turbulence in the global economy. By the end of 2020, they accounted for 22 % of global outward foreign direct investment stock, and during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis they generally exported more than 50% of the capital. The modern foreign expansion of such TNCs has many reasons, differs greatly from country to country, and often differs slightly from the specifics of Western multinationals. At the same time, initially, “late internationalization” in developing countries had two main vectors — the use of new opportunities for South — South cooperation and overcoming, through the creation of subsidiaries in highly developed countries, the shortcomings of the business environment of “catching up” countries.

scholarly journals Triple bottom line of the CSR concept and its reporting

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Belas ◽  
Katarina Zvarikova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
To Come ◽  
Frequent Problem

Research background: The global situation is alarming. Many scholars, politicians, non-profit organizations and journalists worldwide remind of these arising problems. Sustainability seems to be the only solution, and also many companies try to do their best to contribute to this issue. Purpose of the article: CSR is considered a valuable tool in many fields – profit, stakeholders, and environmental dimensions. All these dimensions are characterized by their specifics, but it is proven that CSR positively impacts all of them. But the frequent problem is that although the companies are aware of the stakeholders´ importance, they are not able to report their activities or report them in an understanding way. Methods: Methods of the literature review is used for the theoretical background to understand the importance of three dimensions of CSR. Method of analysis is used to analyze of GRI index. Findings & Value added: Literature review proves the importance of CSR towards all three dimensions. According to analysis of the DRI index, it is evident, that not only organizations from developed countries have reported, but also organizations from developing countries had become reporting. Following the result of our analysis, we can see that 1 694 organizations from 80 countries try to come close to stakeholders and want to inform them about their activities.

Learning from Technologically Successful Peers: The Convergence of Asian Laggards to the Technology Frontier

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhe Miao ◽  
Robert M. Salomon ◽  
Jaeyong Song
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Marginal Returns

This paper investigates whether firms from developing countries that lag the global technological frontier can learn from technologically successful peers as a means of closing the technological gap with leaders from developed countries. We define technologically successful peers as those that hail from similar home countries, operate in the same industry, and have achieved a certain degree of success in closing the gap with the global technological frontier. We argue that technologically successful peers represent an important reference group for lagging firms and, as such, offer opportunities for lagging firms from developing countries to hasten technological development. We find that lagging firms from developing countries that build upon the knowledge of technologically successful peers achieve higher rates of technological improvement. Moreover, learning from technologically proximal successful peers helps even further with technological improvement. However, there are limits to such learning, with diminishing marginal returns to lagging firms that over rely on successful peers.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential Deployment of Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Developing Countries: Technological, Economic and Regulatory Aspects

Biosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Migliozzi ◽  
Thomas Guibentif
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
The Cost

Infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance are major burdens in developing countries, where very specific conditions impede the deployment of established medical infrastructures. Since biosensing devices are nowadays very common in developed countries, particularly in the field of diagnostics, they are at a stage of maturity at which other potential outcomes can be explored, especially on their possibilities for multiplexing and automation to reduce the time-to-results. However, the translation is far from being trivial. In order to understand the factors and barriers that can facilitate or hinder the application of biosensors in resource-limited settings, we analyze the context from several angles. First, the technology of the devices themselves has to be rethought to take into account the specific needs and the available means of these countries. For this, we describe the partition of a biosensor into its functional shells, which define the information flow from the analyte to the end-user, and by following this partition we assess the strengths and weaknesses of biosensing devices in view of their specific technological development and challenging deployment in low-resource environments. Then, we discuss the problem of cost reduction by pointing out transversal factors, such as throughput and cost of mistreatment, that need to be re-considered when analyzing the cost-effectiveness of biosensing devices. Beyond the technical landscape, the compliance with regulations is also a major aspect that is described with its link to the validation of the devices and to the acceptance from the local medical personnel. Finally, to learn from a successful case, we analyze a breakthrough inexpensive biosensor that is showing high potential with respect to many of the described aspects. We conclude by mentioning both some transversal benefits of deploying biosensors in developing countries, and the key factors that can drive such applications.

A Study on the Economic Benefits of Globalization: Focusing on the Poverty and Inequality between the Rich and the Poor

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyup Shin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries

Globalization is now well recognized by many as an inescapable feature of the world today. In particular, in the middle of global economic crisis globalization is one of the hot issues drawing much attention from countries around the world. There are contradictory perspectives on globalization. There are many sweeping statements that assert that economic globalization is increasing global poverty and inequality between the rich and the poor in the world. There are also many others who insist that the poverty and inequality issues have been resolved in some sense through globalization. In order to find the answer to the question, firstly the meaning of globalization was fully explained. Based on the understanding of globalization, the questions such as how globalization has contributed to reduce the economic gap between the developed and the developing countries, and to reduce the poverty by analyzing the economic growth, the number of people living below the absolute poverty line and so on were analyzed. The reasons why globalization is a good opportunity for some countries while some other countries get not something from the globalization was also discussed in this research. We found that globalization has contributed to reduce global poverty and to increase the welfare of both the developed and developing countries. However globalization has impacted different groups differently. Some have benefited enormously, while others have borne more of the costs. The developed countries could get more economic benefits from the less developed countries through globalization. This means, inequality between the rich and the poor countries still remained as a serious threat in the global economy. And even among the developing countries globalization has impacted differently. The trends toward faster growth and poverty reduction are strongest in developing economies that have integrated with the global economy most rapidly, which supports the view that integration has been a positive force for improving the lives of people in developing countries There are two main reasons for the inequality existing between the developed and developing countries. The fist one is the difference of economic size and power between the developed countries and the developing countries started to exist from the late 18th century. The second one is the differences in the management skill in taking advantage of the globalization.

The Politics of Carbon Leakage and the Fairness of Border Measures

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Eckersley
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Carbon Leakage ◽  
Leadership Responsibilities ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Border Adjustment

The article critically examines domestic political concerns about the competitive disadvantages and possible carbon leakage arising from the introduction of domestic emission trading legislation and the fairness of applying carbon equalization measures at the border as a response to these concerns. I argue that the border adjustment measures proposed in the emissions trading bills that have been presented to Congress amount to an evasion of the U.S.'s leadership responsibilities under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). I also show how the “level commercial playing field” justification for border measures that has dominated U.S. domestic debates is narrow and lopsided because it focuses only on the competitive disadvantages and direct carbon leakage that may flow from climate regulation while ignoring general shifts in the production and consumption of emissions in the global economy, which have enabled the outsourcing of emission to developing countries. The UNFCC production-based method of emissions accounting enables Northern consumers to enjoy the benefit of cheaper imports from Southern producers and to attribute the emissions associated with this consumption to the South. I argue that it is possible to design fair border measures that address carbon leakage, are consistent with the leadership responsibilities of developed countries, do not penalize developing countries, and ensure that consumers take some responsibility for the emissions outsourced to developing countries.

scholarly journals Human Capital Spending: A Review on the Developments and the Results in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haşim Akça
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
Knowledge Capability ◽  
Factors Of Production ◽  
The Developed Countries

Human capital is defined as values like knowledge, capability, experiment and dynamism that labour contributed to production holds and enables more productive usage of other factors of production. According to this definition that includes properties of individuals in the production process like knowledge, capability, experiment and dynamism, with the definition of human capital, all capabilities devoted to the increasing production is incorporated. Developing and efficient usage of human capital and is very crucial especially in less developed and developing countries. In this countries, not only selecting the optimal combination but also acquisition and the way to use these factors of production in order to increase production exhibits an important dimension. However, this will not be sufficient to catch the developed countries. In order to achieve this goal, beyond transmitting new technologies, constructing knowledge and technology that fosters this technological development is required. Developing and efficient usage of human capital, one of the important dynamics of the economic growth is very crucial in less developed and developing countries comparing to developed countries. In order to develop human capital educated and healthy society is needed. Efficient assessment of the associated capital requires satisfaction of individuals by the means of tangible facilities social relations. In this study, the evolution of human capital will be investigated under human capital indicators and findings will be revealed. Therewithal, several suggestions will be powered for developing human capital.

scholarly journals Selection of the ERP System with Regard to the Global 4th Industrial Revolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 04019
Author(s):  
Martin Polivka ◽  
Lilia Dvorakova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
New Era ◽  
Erp System

Research background: So-called Fourth industrial revolution, triggered by the massive development of information and communication technologies and leading to the new era of manufacturing and logistics known as Industry 4.0, is definitely an important topic across the global economy. Besides their other effects, technologies of the Industry 4.0 have a significant impact on the IT landscape of organizations, including the central part of this landscape – Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. It is, therefore, important for organizations to take this fact into measure when selecting a new ERP system. Purpose of the article: The aim of the presented research was to propose set of criteria, which could be used by the organization during the choice process of new ERP system in order to evaluate the readiness of every candidate for the challenges related to the Industry 4.0. Methods: Development of the criteria set was based on analysis and evaluation of two main areas – firstly, the content of the Industry 4.0 and its particular technologies, and secondly the tasks which should be performed by the modern ERP system. Requirements arising from these two areas were then merged together into one set of criteria. Findings & Value added: Result of the presented research is a comprehensive and easy-to-use set of criteria, which can be used as a decision-making support tool in the business practice.

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