High-Risk Pregnancies

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-102
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Maternity Care ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Long Run

Infant and child survival and their growth and development cannot be improved without good maternity care. Proper planning of births is a basic ingredient of any child survival package. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and in particular HIV infections, unless adequately controlled, can impede further progress in child survival. There are great risks of neglecting sexual and reproductive health; a painful or detrimental transition from adolescence to adulthood can lead to ill effects in the long run. Early pregnancy/motherhood can be physically hazardous for girls and can jeopardize their educational attainment as well as economic potential. In particular, adolescent girls are vulnerable to HIV exposure and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), sexual coercion, violence, as well as exploitation. These have an enormous impact on the physical and mental health of an individual and have long-term implications for them, their offspring, their families, and their communities.

scholarly journals Familial, Social, and Individual Factors Contributing to Risk for Adolescent Substance Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Whitesell ◽  
Annette Bachand ◽  
Jennifer Peel ◽  
Mark Brown
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control And Prevention

Data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveal high numbers of adolescent substance use in the United States. Substance use among adolescents can lead to increased risk of transmission of sexually transmitted infections, vehicular fatalities, juvenile delinquency, and other problems associated with physical and mental health. Adolescents are particularly susceptible to involvement in substance use due to the underdeveloped state of the adolescent brain, which can lead to reduced decision-making ability and increased long-term effects of drugs and alcohol. Understanding the causes of adolescent substance use is vital for successful prevention and intervention programs.

scholarly journals How Deep Are the Roots of Economic Development?

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Spolaore ◽  
Romain Wacziarg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Proximate Determinants ◽  
New Literature

The empirical literature on economic growth and development has moved from the study of proximate determinants to the analysis of ever deeper, more fundamental factors, rooted in long-term history. A growing body of new empirical work focuses on the measurement and estimation of the effects of historical variables on contemporary income by explicitly taking into account the ancestral composition of current populations. The evidence suggests that economic development is affected by traits that have been transmitted across generations over the very long run. This article surveys this new literature and provides a framework to discuss different channels through which intergenerationally transmitted characteristics may impact economic development, biologically (via genetic or epigenetic transmission) and culturally (via behavioral or symbolic transmission). An important issue is whether historically transmitted traits have affected development through their direct impact on productivity, or have operated indirectly as barriers to the diffusion of productivity-enhancing innovations across populations. (JEL J11, O33, O47, Z13)

scholarly journals Men’s Perception of Raped Women: Test of the Sexually Transmitted Disease Hypothesis and the Cuckoldry Hypothesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Prokop ◽  
Ladislav Pekárik
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Paternity Uncertainty ◽  
Mating Opportunities

AbstractRape is a recurrent adaptive problem of female humans and females of a number of non-human animals. Rape has various physiological and reproductive costs to the victim. The costs of rape are furthermore exaggerated by social rejection and blaming of a victim, particularly by men. The negative perception of raped women by men has received little attention from an evolutionary perspective. Across two independent studies, we investigated whether the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (the STD hypothesis, Hypothesis 1) or paternity uncertainty (the cuckoldry hypothesis, Hypothesis 2) influence the negative perception of raped women by men. Raped women received lower attractiveness score than non-raped women, especially in long-term mate attractiveness score. The perceived attractiveness of raped women was not influenced by the presence of experimentally manipulated STD cues on faces of putative rapists. Women raped by three men received lower attractiveness score than women raped by one man. These results provide stronger support for the cuckoldry hypothesis (Hypothesis 2) than for the STD hypothesis (Hypothesis 1). Single men perceived raped women as more attractive than men in a committed relationship (Hypothesis 3), suggesting that the mating opportunities mediate men’s perception of victims of rape. Overall, our results suggest that the risk of cuckoldry underlie the negative perception of victims of rape by men rather than the fear of disease transmission.

Syndromic treatment of sexually transmitted diseases reduces the proportion of incident HIV infections attributable to these diseases in rural Tanzania

AIDS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1429-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate K. Orroth ◽  
Awena Gavyole ◽  
James Todd ◽  
Frank Mosha ◽  
David Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Rural Tanzania

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 tropism: what urologists need to know

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed Desouky
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Genitourinary Tract ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Abstract Background Apart from viral sexually transmitted diseases, viral infections in urology are not common and likely to be underreported. Initially, COVID-19 was thought to be only affecting our practice indirectly through reducing elective work that almost came to a stop. However, recent upcoming reports show that urologists can get involved far beyond that. Main body Genitourinary tract can be directly affected based on the SARS-CoV-2 virus organotropism. The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive review of the data available and to highlight any possible similarity with the few known viral infections involving genitourinary organs with regard to its pathophysiologic impact. Conclusion Urologists need to extrapolate their experience with viral infections in the urinary tract so as to be able to manage such possible COVID infections and its short- and long-term consequences.

scholarly journals Exploring Factors That Influence Children’s Growth and Development During a Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110424
Author(s):  
Kimiya Amjadi
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Breathing Exercises

The potential long-term impacts of natural or man-made disasters on children and adolescents have been the subject of numerous scientific research studies over the past decades. Since the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, it has become even more important to continue these investigations in order to address the special needs of our youth. While the virus itself appears to cause less pathology in them compared to adults, the effects go beyond the disease itself. The pandemic has caused extremely high levels of stress for both the children and their families. As a result, special attention has to be given to the possible long-term impacts on their growth and development. It is very important for physicians and other healthcare providers to recognize the signs and symptoms of stress and monitor for physical and mental health inequities, and to be able to provide support when help is needed. Identifying culturally effective solutions and reaching out to community based organizations or partners for resources and programs with which families identify is an important part of this healing provision. Mind-body therapies and practices such as meditation, visualization, breathing exercises, Movazeneh®, and Tamarkoz® are effective complementary therapies that can be utilized in pediatrics and help children and adolescents learn self-care skills that they could apply throughout their lives. Health providers should become educated in these safe and noninvasive techniques themselves, and consider them as possible therapeutic approaches for the treatment of stress in their pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Specifics of Sex Life and Methods of Birth Control Among Students at the University of Osijek

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Zvonimir Bosnić ◽  
Ljiljana Trtica Majnarić ◽  
Mile Volarić ◽  
Antonio Lozić ◽  
Domagoj Vučić
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
The University

The aim of this study is to define specifics of sex life and methods of birth control among students at the University of Osijek. Participants were students who study at Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. A newly formed questionnaire containing 31 questions was used for this purpose. The study included 549 voluntarily students, 54.3% of students had first sexual experience between 16 and 18 years of age. Most of them were long-term couples, who are managing better with sexual activities then students in short-term relationships, who are more stressed because of their studies. When it comes to the type of contraceptives, 71, 9 % of students used some of birth control methods, and most common is condom (75.9 %). However, 27. 9 % of students believe that natural methods of birth are safe enough. There are no significant differences in age at the time of first sexual activity considering gender, year at university and residency. The biggest reason for not using contraception is long-term relationship in which students do not feel fear of sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy.

Knowledge of adverse long-term consequences of sexually transmitted diseases, 2005

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Rain Mocello ◽  
Joan M. Chow ◽  
Michael C. Samuel ◽  
Gail Bolan
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Long Term Consequences
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