Towards the Development of IT-Enabled Immunization Monitoring Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Suma Dawn ◽  
Ankur Jain ◽  
Shivam Agrawal ◽  
Shresth Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Reminder System ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Instance Analysis ◽  
Statistical Results

In this chapter, the authors present a system that uses smart immunization and develops structures to allow collaboration between parents, healthcare workers, and government agencies to cooperate at a grass-roots level to help spread immunization, collect and upload demographics, and allow for its multi-instance analysis. This system will enhance the spread of vaccination and reduce vaccine hesitancy. Information is coagulated and presented as statistical results that are presented in an engaging visualization form. Further, a reminder system has been set up to enable automated email service for parents by reminding them of proper and timely vaccinations. It collates the immunization data to present usable demographics for timely interventions, as may be necessary. The immunization perspective is retrained by easy storage and retrieval and quick remedial measures to contain the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases and reduction in child mortality. Statistical analysis has been done to predict immunization spread among different regions and detect any possible epidemic.

scholarly journals A new dedicated clinic for HCWs’ counseling and vaccination: experience of an academic hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Malacarne ◽  
L Brunelli ◽  
S Miceli ◽  
T Gallo ◽  
G Petrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Issue Despite low healthcare workers (HCWs) vaccination coverage being a risk for hospital outbreaks, vaccine hesitancy is not unusual among HCWs. In Italy vaccinations are strongly recommended for HCWs, but there are few occasions for a dedicated counseling. Aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a new vaccination service in the academic hospital of Udine (northern Italy) in tackling vaccine hesitancy among HCWs. Description of the problem Available data on HCWs specific antibody titers revealed that in high-risk units, 25% of HCWs were certainly unprotected for at least 1/6 of the vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs): measles, rubella, mumps, varicella, pertussis, hepatitis B; only varicella coverage reached the herd immunity target. Periodic occupational health visit was the only moment to screen for VPDs protection and suggest vaccination, but the following inconvenient procedure of HCWs contacting the vaccination office outside the hospital, often lead to delays or loss. In order to improve vaccination adherence, since June 2019 a dedicated clinic has been set up inside the hospital, making vaccination counseling and administration available every two weeks, with appointments directly given by the occupational doctor. Results From June 2019 to February 2020, a total of 362 appointments were booked for the dedicated vaccination clinic, 69.7% of which actually took place as 252 HCWs actually accessed the service. Hours dedicated to the service activity were 76 hours, distributed over 19 days. Administered vaccination were 322, including 107 MMR (measles, rubella, mumps), 4 MMRV (MMR+varicella), 20 varicella, 64 hepatitis B, 127 DTPa (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis). Lessons Making the access to vaccination more convenient in term of service location within the hospital and giving the appointment when performing the occupational health visit seems to be helpful in filling the VPDs protection among HCWs gap. Key messages Monitoring immunological status of HCWs and promoting vaccination at occupational health visit would sustain herd immunity protection for susceptible individuals in healthcare settings. The dedicated hospital vaccination clinic and the effective procedure of giving the appointment during the occupational health visit could be helpful in improving HCWs vaccine adherence.

scholarly journals From Syphilis to Autism, How the Anti-Vaccination Movement of Today is an Echo of the Past

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh Beaveridge
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narratives ◽  
World Health ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction: The anti-vaccination movement has led to decreased vaccination rates and increased vulnerability to vaccine-preventable diseases in the general population. In order to better understand the anti-vaccination movement of today, the anti-vaccination movement that emerged in the 19th century is examined and measured against the one observed in the 20th century. Discussion: Though the population of the 19th and 20th centuries differ in many regards and our knowledge of vaccine and immune mechanisms are far greater; the anti-vaccination movement seen today stands on the same pillars as that of the 1800s with the sentiment of fear at its core. Though the façade of these pillars has been altered to suit the world today, both movements exploited the influence of prominent public figures, maintained false associations with dire vaccine consequences and emphasized these through the use of visual media, repetition and personal narratives. The persistence of the anti-vaccination movement lies largely in the use of personal stories which are more impactful and memorable then the statistical characteristics of scientific study. Conclusion: The pro-vaccination movement must respond to the tactics used by the anti-vaccination movement and create accessible, understandable and equally impactful communication strategies in order to prevent the spread of misinformation and counter the efforts of the current anti-vaccination movement. Relevance: Vaccine hesitancy was listed amongst the top 10 global health threats in 2019 by the World Health Organization. In order to shift the negative rhetoric surrounding vaccines, the anti-vaccination movement of today and its historic roots need to be understood.

scholarly journals Vaccine hesitancy in India-the challenges: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4643
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan S. ◽  
Sujitha P.
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Universal Immunization Program ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
National Immunization Programme ◽  
Urban Rural

Immunization is the most cost-effective scientific method of reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. In India the national immunization programme has not been able to attain complete coverage of the eligible children and hence mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases is approximately 5 lakhs annually.  Every year, 89 lakhs children are at risk to develop vaccine preventable diseases due to lack of immunization. While most people vaccinate according to the recommended schedule, this success is challenged by individuals and groups who delay, hesitant or refuse vaccines due to various reasons. Despite the realization of compulsory scheduling of vaccines, there are an alarming number of parents who do not permit the vaccination of their children as scheduled. Vaccine hesitancy refers to a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccination services. WHO in 2019 listed vaccine hesitancy as one of the ten global health threats. The recent vaccination coverage evaluation studies have shown that there is a perceptible drop in the vaccine coverage in most parts of India and also that the disparity in the urban-rural coverage is also widening. Hence an evaluation of the reasons for vaccine hesitancy is vital at present to strengthen the universal immunization program. The authors are trying to trace the present status and reasons for vaccine hesitancy reported in recent times, which can lead to outbreaks of already controlled vaccine preventable diseases and to identify strategies which are being implemented to overcome the vaccine hesitancy.

scholarly journals Digital Transformation vs COVID-19: the Case of Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzo Iida
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Society ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Contracts ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Business Sectors

Whilst the DX policy of the Japanese government started in 2001, then called the E-Japan Strategy and being replaced a few years later by the i-Japan Strategy, in the 20 years since then IT has not been a success in Japan’s administrative system. On the other hand, the private sector, concerned about Japan’s lagging in its adoption of information technology, has been gradually moving forward to DX measures, such as electronic contracts. Then, this year, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. Japan is (as of July 2020) about to experience a second wave of this disease. The need for DX has become imperative in all aspects of Japanese society, especially the government and business sectors. In the first half of 2020, the government set up DX policy rapidly; for example, civil court proceedings, the traditional carve seals custom, and the submission of administrative documents to government agencies have also been forced to move forward to DX due to COVID-19. It might be said that the crisis has been the catalyst for Japan’s shift to DX. However, it will be at least a few years before it can be known whether Japan’s DX will succeed, looking at the past examples within the Japanese bureaucratic system and politicians’ attitudes towards DX.

Methods for Software Complexity and Development Effort Estimation and its Importance in the Area of ICT Governance

2011 ◽  
pp. 117-147
Author(s):  
Zdenek Struska ◽  
Jirí Vanícek ◽  
Martin Závodný
Keyword(s):  
Object Relation ◽  
Lead Author ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Computation Procedure ◽  
Software Complexity ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Expert Estimation ◽  
Cocomo Model ◽  
Set Up

The area of applications development for government purposes can be characterized to be task specific. In this context, development projects are usually more complex and there are some differences in comparison with commercial projects. The mission of the proposed chapter is an explanation of methods of project complexity evaluation based on analogy, crisp and fuzzy expert estimation and measure models. The selected methods for aggregation of expert’s estimations are also presented. Further the chapter introduces selected methods designed for complexity estimation. All the introduced methods are widely known except one that was designed by the lead author of the chapter. The method is called BORM Points and is developed for an IS project designed in BORM method (Business Object Relation Modeling). Each method is introduced first, then its step-by-step computation procedure is described and finally suggestion of software, which is supported method computation procedure. The results of the methods are in non-dimensional numbers and it is necessary to set up the relationship between complexity and effort, and introduces COCOMO model and its variants. Efforts are given about the implementation of this form of estimation approach in the area of ICT governance, especially at the grass roots e-governance.

scholarly journals Vaccination policy in Italy: An update

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Crenna ◽  
Antonio Osculati ◽  
Silvia D. Visonà
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Administrative Sanctions

The effective control of vaccine-preventable diseases generally requires indefinite maintenance of extremely high rates of timely vaccination. Therefore, vaccine hesitancy is of paramount importance and needs to be addressed. In Italy, regulations about vaccinations are controversial and, to some extent, inconsistent. Even though the childhood vaccinations are mandatory by law (Italian Law n. 891/1939, n. 292/1963, n.51/1966 and n. 165/1991), the limited deterrent effectiveness of the sanctioning system, and the changes introduced by the Italian Constitutional Law n. 3/2001 (devolution of almost all the competences and responsibilities in health matters to the Regions and the Autonomous Provinces), were the fertile ground in which new vaccine policies were generated and developed, radically different from the existing ones: many Regions, based on what was decided in 2005 - on an experimental basis - by the State-Regions Conference, decided to abolish the vaccination obligation and/or to stop the imposition of administrative sanctions on non-compliant parents. In addition, since then, there is a worrying tendency to decline vaccinations due to the parents’ mistrust in pharmaceutical companies and health policies. Therefore, recently, the Italian government decided to deploy an emergency ordinance (Italian Decree Law n. 73/2017). In this article, the authors are going to illustrate the current situation in Italy concerning vaccination policy, from a legislative and social point of view.

scholarly journals Who or What Influences the Individuals’ Decision-Making Process Regarding Vaccinations?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Czajka ◽  
Szymon Czajka ◽  
Paweł Biłas ◽  
Paulina Pałka ◽  
Szczepan Jędrusik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Global And Local

Thanks to vaccines, many people are not exposed to the risks associated with vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This, however, results in growing popularity of antivaccine movements and affects global and local epidemiological situation. Vaccine hesitancy has become a significant problem not only for epidemiologists but also for practitioners. Fortunately, the hesitant group seems to be vulnerable to intervention, and studies indicate that these patients can be persuaded to undergo vaccinations. The aim of the present study was to determine the factors most strongly affecting vaccination-related attitudes and decisions. An anonymous, self-administered survey consisting of demographic data and single select multiple-choice questions regarding vaccination was conducted. The voluntary study included secondary school pupils, medical and nonmedical students, healthcare professionals, hospital and clinic patients as well as parents. A total of 7950 survey forms were distributed between January 2018 and June 2019 in south-eastern Poland. A total of 6432 respondents (80.2%) completed a questionnaire that was eligible for analysis. The positive attitude toward vaccination was significantly affected by older age, by the fact of obtaining information on vaccinations from a physician, this information’s higher quality (assessed in school grade scale), higher level of knowledge on vaccines and by the fact of denying the association between vaccination and autism in children (p < 0.001). The probability of supporting vaccinations was almost eight-fold lower among respondents believing the vaccine–autism relationship. Chance of supporting vaccination doubled in the group with a higher knowledge level. The individuals not provided with expert information on vaccination were twice as often unconvinced. Age, education and having children significantly affected the attitude toward influenza immunization (p < 0.001). Older, better educated respondents and those having children were more positive about vaccinations. The medical community still exert decisive effects on attitudes toward vaccinations. High-quality information provided by them is of great importance. Skillful and competent provision of evidence-based information disproving the myth about vaccine–autism connection and proper education of medical staff is essential in molding positive attitudes toward vaccinations.

scholarly journals Pharmacists’ one-to-one counseling succeeds in promoting flu shots among target population

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Brunelli ◽  
A Morsanutto ◽  
M Tosolini ◽  
A Iob ◽  
F Schiava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
One To One

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy among general population can be even greater regarding flu than other vaccine preventable diseases, as complacency towards influenza is quite high and confidence can be reduced by the confounding effect of influenza-like-illnesses. Health professionals face hesitant people alleging many different motivations against flu vaccination, some of them being susceptible to tailored one-to-one health promotion. Methods During 2019/20 flu vaccination campaign, 44 trained pharmacists of Carnia District in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (Italy) surveyed at-risk people accessing 25 pharmacies regarding beliefs on flu vaccination and offered one-to-one advice. As stated in the Italian national vaccination plan, subjects with comorbidities or older than 65 were considered at risk. Adherence to influenza vaccination during past flu season and reasons for that choice, as well as intention to be administered flu shots after counseling were registered. Results A total of 2,748 at-risk subjects adhered to the project with a mean age of 70±12 years, 57% of them being females; 1,702 (38%) did not adhere to flu vaccination campaign last year. Most of them confirmed a low complacency level, reporting to have refused flu vaccination because of “not getting ill” (43%) believing that vaccines are dangerous (12%) or not effective (5%); some did not know they could access flu vaccination (8%). After counseling, 2196 (80%) decided to adhere to flu vaccination, in particular 83% (1284/1555) of over 65 and 84% (684/816) of at-risk subjects. Conclusions More than one third of over 65 or at-risk surveyed subjects did not receive influenza vaccination during 2018/19 flu season. One-to-one tailored counseling conducted by pharmacists resulted to be effective in tackling vaccine hesitancy among 2019/20 flu shot target population. Key messages Motivations underlying vaccine hesitancy toward flu vaccination continue to impair health outcomes of target population. A one-to-one counseling intervention conducted by pharmacists with specific targets should be useful to improve seasonal flu vaccine coverage.

A Neural Network Forecasting Model of Beijing Motor Vehicles Sold Based on Set Pare Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 2333-2336
Author(s):  
Xiao Xi Zhang ◽  
Ding Tian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Development Trend ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Connection Number ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Partial Connection ◽  
Instance Analysis ◽  
The Development Trend

By applying neural networks to forecasting Beijing motor vehicles sold, sequencing the principal factors and analyzing the development trend using connection number and partial connection number of the set pair analysis (SPA), we set up the forecasting model of Beijing motor vehicles sold. The instance analysis shows that it is a scientific and suitable system analyzing method of high forecasting accuracy.

scholarly journals GSM Controlled Automatic Medicine Remainder System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1741-1742
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Reminder System ◽  
Drug Names ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Medication Reminder

As individuals develop more established, they depend more vigorously upon outside help for wellbeing evaluation and medicinal consideration. The present medicinal services foundation in later society is broadly viewed as lacking to address the issues of an undeniably more established populace. One arrangement, called maturing set up, is to guarantee that the older can live securely and autonomously in their own homes for whatever length of time that conceivable. For accomplishing this reason the Automatic medicine reminders were included. Programmed automatic medicine reminder is a mechanical methodology which makes a difference individuals age set up by ceaselessly giving medicinal information. The usage of Information and Communication Technologies in the drug stores in the course of the most recent decades has involved the likelihood of utilizing robotized choice emotionally supportive networks creating cautions to push drug specialists to distinguish drug related issues while apportioning medicines [1]. The old and debilitated are regularly endorsed a few prescriptions each with shifting times, for example, measurements sums and times to be taken. Adapting to their current condition is now sufficiently troublesome without being loaded with monitoring distinctive drugs and their dosages. A few items have endeavored to tackle this ever developing issue, yet just the medicine reminder has made standard progress. It is a lot of compartments each with multi day of the week on it. It requires the client consistently to stack the right medicine at the right time into its every day holder. This framework is excessively dependent upon the client. Regardless of whether the prescription is stacked accurately the client still needs to make sure to take the prescription. The Automated Medication Reminder System (AMRS) will altogether enhance the pill take care of by administering to five extraordinary prescriptions, cautioning the client when to take their pills through both sound what's more, visual alerts, showing the medicine timings, and showing the drug names [2].

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