Different Types of Sport Events

The chapter shows the variety of sporting events and hints at the potential of developing these alternative activities. In order to pursue the above objective of the chapter, the various criteria for categorizing sporting events are presented first. The chapter then focuses on providing relevant examples to inform the reader about the practices and trends of sporting events that are prevalent internationally. The reality of the emergence of a variety of sporting events and activities locally and internationally is an element of interpretation of modern lifestyles. At the same time, a careful study and analysis of the varieties and types of sports, facilitates managers, and designers of sports activities and sports programs at a visitor destination is presented to identify easily opportunities for their development and exploitation.

Corruption In Sports Environment

International and Comparative Law Review ◽

10.1515/iclr-2016-0073 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 97-110

Author(s):

Bronislava Coufalová ◽

Jan Pinkava

Keyword(s):

Criminal Law ◽

Criminal Liability ◽

Good Reason ◽

Social Activity ◽

Sporting Events ◽

The Public ◽

Sports Organizations ◽

Different Types ◽

Illegal Acts ◽

Abstract In sports environment there is a whole range of different types of wrongful conduct sanctioned not only by disciplinary bodies using specific rules accepted by the executive authorities of sports organizations but also more serious cases that have to be judged in accordance with criminal law. There has been a long debate whether criminal law should intervene into the area of sport, i.e. whether sport and its environment is in itself such an autonomous system that it could deal with all the matters of criminal nature on its own. The area of sport environment involves a whole range of illegal acts, ranging from criminal liability of sportsmen responsible for injuries inflicted upon others in the area of sport, the issues of hooliganism in sporting events, breach of the public peace as far as the issue of match-fixing including the crimes of bribery and illegal betting. Generally speaking, we are of the opinion that there is no good reason why the criminal law should not be allowed to intervene into the area of sport in certain cases. The basic argument to be used is the fact that every social activity must be carried out in accordance with the legal order of the country, the area of sport being no exception. The area of sport or to be more precise the specific types of sports activities are regulated by special internal and statutory rules introducing certain sanctioning mechanisms in the form of disciplinary rules which can be enforced by different disciplinary bodies.

Differences in travel behaviors of small and large cycling events participants

Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce ◽

10.19041/apstract/2013/1/14 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 77-82

Author(s):

Samo Rauter ◽

Mojca Doupona Topič

Keyword(s):

Travel Behaviour ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Sport Event ◽

The Past ◽

Different Types ◽

Sport Activities ◽

Active Lifestyles ◽

Cycling Event ◽

Tourism has been and will continue to be one of the biggest and most profitable industries in the world. Sport is obviously a very important aspect of society in many different ways: culturally, economically and socially. Like in the past, local authorities continue to regard all sporting events as a way of promoting and positioning their destination. Participation in sport events relates to tourism because it also involves travelling to host destinations. Therefore, the aim of our study is to compare participation in small and large sport-for-all events in relation to tourism in Slovenia. We analysed the factors determining differences in the travel behaviours of sport event participants and certain aspects of participation (travel behaviour, frequency of sport event participation, reasons for participation) at the largest cycling event in Slovenia (the Franja cycling marathon) and two smaller cycling events (the “Three hearts Radenci” recreational cycling marathon and the “Around the region of Prlekija” recreational cycling marathon). The study analysed the active participants of different cycling sport events. The sample of respondents consisted of 382 participants. We found that over the third of the participants take on the role of a sport tourist in their travels. They are also very sport-active in their leisure time. The majority of them are engaged in sport activities more than three times a week. The results indicate differences in travel behaviour and sport-active lifestyles among the participants of different types of small and larger sport events.

Study regarding the health coefficients for the citizens who practice free time sport activities for the increase of life quality

Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.2478/tperj-2014-0021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 7-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liliana Dacica

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Social Relations ◽

Life Quality ◽

Free Time ◽

Health State ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Sports Programs ◽

Sport Activities ◽

Main Component ◽

Abstract The paper presents the results of a determinative study regarding the health profits obtained by the citizens of Caras-Severin County involved in the practice of leisure sport through the program sport for all offered. The aspect highlighted is that sport, for all, has beneficial effects on health being contained by all the components of life quality. The aim of the paper is to prove that issuing leisure time sports programs according to the needs of the client population increases the number of practitioners of sport and implicitly it contributes to the maintenance and improvement of the health state. In order to pursue health profits, the physical and psychic wellbeing of the participants in the sports programs, the observation method, the tests method and the method of recording the health coefficients on a protocol basis were used. The observation was achieved on a sample of 217 subjects which were initially tested, at the beginning of the programs and at the end of the research period. The conclusion was that the main component elements of life quality which can be ameliorated by free time sport activities are: health state; the biologic potential through the evaluation of the anthropometric, functional and physiological coefficients; motor skills; psycho-social relations and social integration. The health state, the biologic potential, motor skills, socialization can be considered dependent variables and through sports activities for all and through the implemented programs a strategic project of continuous development can be elaborated. Leisure sports activities ameliorate life quality of different categories of citizens and social groups.

Athlete health and safety at large sport events: the development of consensus-driven guidelines

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2020-102771 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bjsports-2020-102771

Author(s):

Margo Mountjoy ◽

Jane Moran ◽

Hosny Ahmed ◽

Stephane Bermon ◽

Xavier Bigard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Translation ◽

Action Plan ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

International Federation ◽

Medical Services ◽

Local Context ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Medical Risk ◽

All sport events have inherent injury and illness risks for participants. Healthcare services for sport events should be planned and delivered to mitigate these risks which is the ethical responsibility of all sport event organisers. The objective of this paper was to develop consensus-driven guidelines describing the basic standards of services necessary to protect athlete health and safety during large sporting events. By using the Knowledge Translation Scheme Framework, a gap in International Federation healthcare programming for sport events was identified. Event healthcare content areas were determined through a narrative review of the scientific literature. Content experts were systematically identified. Following a literature search, an iterative consensus process was undertaken. The outcome document was written by the knowledge translation expert writing group, with the assistance of a focus group consisting of a cohort of International Federation Medical Chairpersons. Athletes were recruited to review and provide comment. The Healthcare Guidelines for International Federation Events document was developed including content-related to (i) pre-event planning (eg, sport medical risk assessment, public health requirements, environmental considerations), (ii) event safety (eg, venue medical services, emergency action plan, emergency transport, safety and security) and (iii) additional considerations (eg, event health research, spectator medical services). We developed a generic standardised template guide to facilitate the planning and delivery of medical services at international sport events. The organisers of medical services should adapt, evaluate and modify this guide to meet the sport-specific local context.

Do sports mega-events boost public funding in sports programs? The case of Brazil (2004–2015)

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/1012690216680115 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 685-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bárbara Schausteck de Almeida ◽

Suélen Barboza Eiras de Castro ◽

Fernando Marinho Mezzadri ◽

Doralice Lange de Souza

Keyword(s):

Public Expenditure ◽

Public Funding ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Elite Sport ◽

Host Countries ◽

Mega Events ◽

Educational Participation ◽

Sports Programs ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact

This article explores public expenditure in Brazilian sport from 2004 to 2015 and aims to understand if hosting sport mega-events has influenced investments in different types of sport (elite sport and educational/participation sport). Data were collected through governmental records and examined through descriptive statistics. Positive and negative variations of spending were reported, regarding both the overall budget allocated to sport and among the different types of sport. This study concluded that sport mega-events have influenced the funding of sports programs to some extent, but other aspects of public funding are likely to be more significant influencers on the observed variations. The study also argues that further research on different host countries is necessary to understand the impact of sport mega-events on public sport funding.

Avaliação de Espaços de Desporto Natureza: Paisagem Protegida - Serra de Montejunto

10.47863/lxbk9266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 34-44

Author(s):

Carlos Rebelo ◽

Luís Carvalhinho

Keyword(s):

Protected Area ◽

Management Tool ◽

Different Types ◽

Sport Activities ◽

The protected Area of Serra de Montejunto, as a Protected Area (AP) with potential for nature- based sports and active tourism activities, needs a useful management tool for different types of visitors, similar to the “Nature Sport Charts” existing in other APs in the country. Thus, this research aimed to characterize and evaluate the places for practice of nature-based sports and active tourism activities, namely places of climbing and hiking, using the characterization and evaluation sheets on all previously identified places. The results of this investigation aim to affirm the potential of this AP for sports activities practice in nature and demonstrated the good conditions that exists in practice sites, detecting only the presence of some occasional situations of inadequacy, lack or conservation of equipment. It is concluded that the practice of nature-based sport activities has a great potential in this AP, verifying however the necessity of carrying out strategies that involve: planning, management and maintenance of spaces in order to guarantee conservation and sustainability of the area.

Rethinking the Social Value of Sport Events Through an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) Perspective

Journal of Sport Management ◽

10.1123/jsm.2015-0203 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 329-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Laura Misener ◽

Nico Schulenkorf

Keyword(s):

Community Development ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Social Value ◽

Sporting Events ◽

The Social ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Management And Development ◽

Asset Based Community Development ◽

With an increasing emphasis on the social value of sport and events, there has been a shift in focus regarding the management and development process of event projects as well as their associated outcomes. This shift is about emphasizing a more strategic approach to developing social benefits by recognizing and utilizing leverageable resources related to sport events as a means of fostering lasting social and economic change (Chalip, 2006; O’Brien & Chalip, 2007; Schulenkorf & Edwards, 2012). In this paper, we adapt and apply the asset-based community development (ABCD) approach as a means of developing a more action-oriented, community-based approach to leveraging the social assets of sporting events. In applying the ABCD approach, we aim to shift the focus of event-led projects away from attempts to “solve” social problems (i.e., deficit perspective) to enhancing the existing strengths of communities (i.e., strengths perspective). We reflect on case study findings that highlight the challenges and opportunities in realizing an ABCD approach for disadvantaged communities through an examination of a healthy lifestyle community event initiative in the Pacific Islands.

The impact of extreme weather on mass-participation sporting events

International Journal of Event and Festival Management ◽

10.1108/ijefm-04-2018-0027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 95-109

Author(s):

Julia Kathryn Giddy

Keyword(s):

Best Practice ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Survey Method ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Content Type ◽

Sport Events ◽

Mass Participation ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of extreme weather on tourism events through the perceptions of participants, using the case of the 2017 Cape Town Cycle Tour (CTCT). Design/methodology/approach This study utilized a survey method to collect data. Questionnaires were distributed online to would-be participants in the cancelled 2017 CTCT. The questionnaire included both fixed-response and open-ended questions. Findings The results show that participants experienced mixed emotions to event cancellation. Most felt that the weather conditions warranted cancellation, but some concerns emerged as to how the cancellation was managed. In addition, many felt that the organization of the race needs to be rethought due to numerous negative weather experiences in recent years. Research limitations/implications The findings in this study are exploratory. They focus on a single event in one city. However, they provide important initial insight into how sporting event participants react to the negative impacts of extreme weather. Practical implications These results have important management implications in addressing the impact of weather on the events sector. They are significant in understanding best practice with regard to managing participants in the case of weather impacts on an event. They also demonstrate interesting results with regard to participant loyalty among active sport events tourists. Originality/value The originality of this study is in its extension of the broad discussion of the impact of extreme weather and climate change on tourism to the events sector. The implications of changing weather and climatic patterns on events, particularly mass-participation sporting events, are clear and need to be considered in order to effectively manage future impacts on this important economic sector. This is done by providing insight into how participants respond to these types of circumstances.

Estimation of Healthcare Resources at Sporting Events

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00008554 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 449-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amir Khorram-Manesh ◽

A. Berner ◽

A. Hedelin ◽

P. Örtenwall

Keyword(s):

Major Incident ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Sporting Events ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Easy Method ◽

Healthcare Resources ◽

Public Events ◽

Sporting Event ◽

Practical Guidelines ◽

AbstractBackground:The consequences of a major incident at a sporting event could be catastrophic. Therefore, there should be an estimation of the healthcare resources at such events as part of the planning. Although there are National guidelines (e.g., Planning Safe Public Events: Practical Guidelines in Australia) defining the role of the healthcare system at sporting events, these guidelines either lack a simple calculating method to estimate the need for healthcare resources or the methods are complex and impractical to use. The objective of this study was to find a safe and easy method for the estimation of healthcare resources at sporting events.Methods:A model for the estimation of healthcare resources at music events recently has been approved in Sweden. After minor adjustments, this model was used at sport events by a number of planning officers. The models' accuracy and usability was evaluated by analyzing its outcome in a pilot and a controlled study using different sporting and non-sporting scenarios.Results:The pilot study showed that the model was valid and easily could be used for various sporting events. The obtained estimations were consistent with the methods used by experienced planning officers in 97% of cases. The results of the controlled study showed that by using this model, the minimum amount of resources required easily could be calculated at sporting events and by people with different backgrounds.Conclusions:This model safely can be used at sporting events.

From Legacy Rhetoric to Business Benefits: A Case Study of the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games

Event Management ◽

10.3727/152599519x15506259856057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 75-96

Author(s):

Joan Carlini ◽

Alexandra Coghlan ◽

Alana Thomson ◽

Andrew O'Neil

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Private Enterprise ◽

Gold Coast ◽

Future Research ◽

Private Enterprises ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Practical Experiences ◽

Sport Events ◽

Commonwealth Games

Bids for large-scale sporting events and the accompanying political rhetoric typically include promises of economic development and gains for host business communities over the short and long term. Although conceptual models for economic leverage of large-scale sport events have been developed, our knowledge of the practical experiences of private enterprise converting opportunities presented by large-scale sport events is limited. In this article, the authors address this gap through a case study of the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games. The article investigates the opportunities and challenges perceived by private enterprises across the host city and explores the implementation of existing strategies to leverage benefits for business. Although participants identify the general benefits of hosting the event, they struggle to conceptualize benefits in relation to their own business settings. This suggests a disconnect between the legacy rhetoric of large-scale sporting events and the conversion of these opportunities into outcomes by private enterprises in the host city. Against this background, the article outlines a range of practical implications for private enterprise and key areas for future research.