Recent Advancements in Bioremediation of Metal Contaminants

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
Yuvarajan Ragunathan ◽  
Kannan Nallakumar ◽  
Thirumalaisamy Rathinavel ◽  
Muthusamy Govarthanan ◽  
Selvankumar Thangaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Metal Contaminant ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Bioremediation Processes

Biofilms are an accumulation of single or various populations of microorganisms that are present on the surfaces through membrane-bound substances due to the gene expression, which differs from free-floating expression and leads to expressed genes regulating biofilm formation and development. In this regard, recent advances in microbial-based heavy metals have propelled bioremediation as a prospective alternative to conventional techniques. Adsorption and biodegradation of organic contaminants and the immobilization, mobilization, and/or transformation of metals are the main remediation processes that can be mediated by the action of several microorganisms surviving in hostile environments with high concentrations of pollutants. The chapter discussed the formation and regulation of biofilms to degrade the metal contaminant, the importance of gene transfer, and applications of biofilm-mediated bioremediation processes.

scholarly journals Emission of VOC and GHG by Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated with Diesel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Gonçalves Franco ◽  
Sergio Machado Corrêa ◽  
Marcia Marques ◽  
Daniel Vidal Perez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Detector ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Bioremediation Processes

Bioremediation processes have been credited for reducing high levels of organic contaminants from soils. However, during bioremediation of diesel contaminated soils, for instance, diesel is converted to volatile organic compounds (VOC) and greenhouse gases (GHG), which means that such remediation technique contributes to the greenhouse effect. The ongoing construction of a large petrochemical industrial region in Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area (COMPERJ) and the transportation of large volumes of oil byproducts (mainly diesel), have raised deep concerns regarding accidents that may result in soil and air contamination. When the problem comes, remediation techniques shall be applied. The objective of this study was to characterize the emission of GHG and VOC during bioremediation of soils contaminated with diesel oil in pilot scale. Soil samples contaminated with 0.5, 2.0 and 4.0 w/w% diesel oil were kept during 3 months in glass rectors (2 L internal volume) kept under anaerobic/anoxic conditions. The soil moisture was controlled at 80% of field capacity. Bioremediation processes were investigated with nutrient’s adjustment (biostimulation), no adjustment (natural attenuation) and sterilized soil (abiotic process). The gases emitted from different reactors were collected in activated carbon cartridges and the GHG were collected in Tedlar bags. The chemical analyzes were performed using a gas chromatograph (Agilent 7690) with multi-detection using FID for CH4, ECD for N2O and TCD for CO2. VOC were analyzed using a mass spectrometry detector (Varian 450GC MS220). The results indicated that gaseous samples contained high concentrations of CO2 but low concentrations of CH4 and N2O. The differences in composition of the gas emitted from the reactors regarding CO2 were statistically not significant. Preliminarily, regarding VOC emissions, such as alkanes and alkenes (both branched), cycloalkanes, and aromatic substituted (such as ethyl benzene), the compounds with higher emissions were cycloalkanes and branched alkanes.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of Water Chemistry in Aries River Catchment Western Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6592
Author(s):  
Ana Moldovan ◽  
Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia ◽  
Anamaria Iulia Török ◽  
Marius Roman ◽  
Ionut Cornel Mirea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the quality and vulnerability of surface water (Aries River catchment) in order to identify the impact of past mining activities. For this purpose, the pollution and water quality indices, Piper and Durov plots, as well vulnerability modeling maps were used. The obtained results indicate that the water samples were contaminated with As, Fe, Mn, Pb and have relatively high concentrations of SO42−, HCO3−, TDS, Ca, K, Mg and high values for the electrical conductivity. Possible sources of the high content of chemicals could be the natural processes or the inputs of the mine drainage. Generally, according to the pollution indices, which were correlated to high concentrations of heavy metals, especially with Pb, Fe and Mn, the water samples were characterized by heavy metals pollution. The water quality index classified the studied water samples into five different classes of quality, namely: unsuitable for drinking, poor, medium, good and excellent quality. Similarly, medium, high and very high vulnerability classes were observed. The Durov and Piper plots classified the waters into Mg-HCO3− and Ca-Cl− types. The past and present mining activities clearly change the water chemistry and alter the quality of the Aries River, with the water requiring specific treatments before use.

scholarly journals Improving cell-free glycoprotein synthesis by characterizing and enriching native membrane vesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine M. Hershewe ◽  
Katherine F. Warfel ◽  
Shaelyn M. Iyer ◽  
Justin A. Peruzzi ◽  
Claretta J. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Glycoprotein Synthesis ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Free Gene ◽  
Membrane Bound

AbstractCell-free gene expression (CFE) systems from crude cellular extracts have attracted much attention for biomanufacturing and synthetic biology. However, activating membrane-dependent functionality of cell-derived vesicles in bacterial CFE systems has been limited. Here, we address this limitation by characterizing native membrane vesicles in Escherichia coli-based CFE extracts and describing methods to enrich vesicles with heterologous, membrane-bound machinery. As a model, we focus on bacterial glycoengineering. We first use multiple, orthogonal techniques to characterize vesicles and show how extract processing methods can be used to increase concentrations of membrane vesicles in CFE systems. Then, we show that extracts enriched in vesicle number also display enhanced concentrations of heterologous membrane protein cargo. Finally, we apply our methods to enrich membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferases and lipid-linked oligosaccharides for improving cell-free N-linked and O-linked glycoprotein synthesis. We anticipate that these methods will facilitate on-demand glycoprotein production and enable new CFE systems with membrane-associated activities.

scholarly journals Methanobactin from Methylocystis sp. Strain SB2 Affects Gene Expression and Methane Monooxygenase Activity in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2466-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Ul-Haque ◽  
Bhagyalakshmi Kalidass ◽  
Alexey Vorobev ◽  
Bipin S. Baral ◽  
Alan A. DiSpirito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Methane Monooxygenase ◽  
Particulate Methane Monooxygenase ◽  
Methylosinus Trichosporium Ob3b ◽  
Methylosinus Trichosporium ◽  
Monooxygenase Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soluble Methane Monooxygenase ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Membrane Bound

ABSTRACTMethanotrophs can express a cytoplasmic (soluble) methane monooxygenase (sMMO) or membrane-bound (particulate) methane monooxygenase (pMMO). Expression of these MMOs is strongly regulated by the availability of copper. Many methanotrophs have been found to synthesize a novel compound, methanobactin (Mb), that is responsible for the uptake of copper, and methanobactin produced byMethylosinus trichosporiumOB3b plays a key role in controlling expression of MMO genes in this strain. As all known forms of methanobactin are structurally similar, it was hypothesized that methanobactin from one methanotroph may alter gene expression in another. WhenMethylosinus trichosporiumOB3b was grown in the presence of 1 μM CuCl2, expression ofmmoX, encoding a subunit of the hydroxylase component of sMMO, was very low.mmoXexpression increased, however, when methanobactin fromMethylocystissp. strain SB2 (SB2-Mb) was added, as did whole-cell sMMO activity, but there was no significant change in the amount of copper associated withM. trichosporiumOB3b. IfM. trichosporiumOB3b was grown in the absence of CuCl2, themmoXexpression level was high but decreased by several orders of magnitude if copper prebound to SB2-Mb (Cu-SB2-Mb) was added, and biomass-associated copper was increased. Exposure ofMethylosinus trichosporiumOB3b to SB2-Mb had no effect on expression ofmbnA, encoding the polypeptide precursor of methanobactin in either the presence or absence of CuCl2.mbnAexpression, however, was reduced when Cu-SB2-Mb was added in both the absence and presence of CuCl2. These data suggest that methanobactin acts as a general signaling molecule in methanotrophs and that methanobactin “piracy” may be commonplace.

scholarly journals Airway gene transfer in a non-human primate: Lentiviral gene expression in marmoset lungs

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Farrow ◽  
D. Miller ◽  
P. Cmielewski ◽  
M. Donnelley ◽  
R. Bright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Human Primate

Gene Expression Analysis of Ectopic Bone Formation Induced by Electroporatic Gene Transfer of BMP4

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kotajima ◽  
Koshi N. Kishimoto ◽  
Munenori Watanuki ◽  
Masahito Hatori ◽  
Shoichi Kokubun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Ectopic Bone Formation ◽  
Ectopic Bone

Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of chloroplast gene expression by heavy metals in barley seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Zaripova ◽  
V. P. Kholodova ◽  
Ya. O. Zubo ◽  
V. V. Kusnetsov ◽  
Vl. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Chloroplast Gene ◽  
Chloroplast Gene Expression

scholarly journals Growth, Development, and Gene Expression in a Persistent Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4759-4766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keeta S. Gilmore ◽  
Pravina Srinivas ◽  
Darrin R. Akins ◽  
Kenneth L. Hatter ◽  
Michael S. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Flux ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Growth Development

ABSTRACT A model for the protracted (30-day) colonization of smooth surfaces by Streptococcus gordonii that incorporates the nutrient flux that occurs in the oral cavity was developed. This model was used to characterize the biphasic expansion of the adherent bacterial population, which corresponded with the emergence of higher-order architectures characteristic of biofilms. Biofilm formation by S. gordonii was observed to be influenced by the presence of simple sugars including sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Real-time PCR was used to quantify changes in expression of S. gordonii genes known or thought to be involved in biofilm formation. Morphological changes were accompanied by a significant shift in gene expression patterns. The majority of S. gordonii genes examined were observed to be downregulated in the biofilm phase. Genes found to be upregulated in the biofilm state were observed to encode products related to environmental sensing and signaling.

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