Various Approaches for Food Waste Processing and Its Management

Food wastage is a huge crisis arising in today's world. An extensive amount of waste generation has become a serious concern of our society in the past years that affects developing and developed countries equally, and according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), as much as one-third of the food intentionally grown for human consumption is never consumed and is therefore wasted, with significant environmental, social, and economic ramifications. By wasting food, we also waste the time and energy that we have used to produce the food and as well our natural resources and the limited available agricultural land will be used up which could be handled in a much better and sustainable way. Additionally, waste has a strong financial impact and affects the environment including the overall greenhouse gas emission. In an increasingly resource-constrained world, it is imperative to reduce the high environmental, social, and economic impacts associated with this type of waste.

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Various Approaches for Food Waste Processing and Its Management

Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies - Global Initiatives for Waste Reduction and Cutting Food Loss ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7706-5.ch010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 191-211

Author(s):

Anupam Pandey ◽

Priyanka Harishchandra Tripathi ◽

Ashutosh Paliwal ◽

Ankita Harishchandra Tripathi ◽

Satish Chandra Pandey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Financial Impact ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Waste Processing ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Time And Energy ◽

Food Wastage

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A Greater Share of Organic Agriculture in Relation to Food Security Resulting from the Energy Demand Obtained from Food—Scenarios for Poland until 2030

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14216959 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6959

Author(s):

Anna Kuczuk ◽

Katarzyna Widera

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Arable Land ◽

Sustainable Consumption ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Total Food ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Food Wastage

In line with the assumptions of the European Green Deal, it is planned to allocate 25% of agricultural land to organic farming by 2030. However, the question arises: what share of organic farming and under what additional conditions is it able to feed the population of a given country? The aim of the article is to try to answer the above question for the example of Poland. In particular, the authors analyze: the problem of satisfying people’s nutritional needs, reducing food wastage, and finally the relationship between sustainable consumption and increasing the share of organic farming in Poland. Attention was also paid to possible potential changes in the agricultural land area with the growing share of organic farming. The proposed scenarios for the transition to organic farming concern the year 2030. We propose to increase the share in 20%, 40% and 60%, imposing them on changes in sustainable consumption of +/− 25%, +/− 50% and +/− 75%. The available FAOSTAT (Statistic Data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and Statistics Poland data from 2008–2018 were used for the analysis. The model scenario analysis showed that the total food demand will be met in most of the scenarios. It has also been shown that with a higher level of transition to organic farming, it becomes necessary to reduce food wastage. Changing the consumption style not only creates opportunities for a wider development of organic farming in Poland but can also generate free areas on arable land (e.g., even more than 26% of free area in the +/− 75% scenario). This may create potential opportunities for their use in the production of consumer crops, but also in the protection of the natural and agricultural environment.

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FOOD WASTAGE: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS

Science Heritage Journal ◽

10.26480/gws.01.2021.17.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

Aviyan Pandey

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Water Footprint ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Global Level ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Food Wastage

Each year one third of all the produced food for human consumption is lost or wasted. Food wastage scales up the number of hungry people throughout the world and impairs the global food security. Food wastage not only decreases the availability of food, it also reduces the resources needed to produce food for future generation. In many low-income countries, there is considerable loss due to poor storage facilities and lack of capacity to transport produced food immediately after harvesting. Confusion arising from the existence and poor understanding of different food date labels are a major indirect causes of food wastage in developed countries. The quantitative and qualitative impacts of food wastage can be addressed through food wastage footprint. The total food wastage accounts for 3.3Gtonnes of CO2 equivalent. Globally, the blue water footprint of food wastage is about 250km3 equivalent to three times the volume of Lake Geneva. Produced but uneaten food occupies almost about 1.4 billion hectares of land; this represents close to 28% of the world’s agricultural land area. It is difficult to estimate the impact on biodiversity at global level. The impacts are assessed through deforestation due to agricultural expansion and species threatened during agricultural practices. Food wastage also leads to loss of economic value of food entities. Each year, 1 trillion USD is lost through food loss and waste at global level. The broad level of causes and impacts enable us to identify number of solutions to reduce food wastage. Improved practices at harvest and post-harvest stages by adopting new technical innovations could be the best way to mitigate losses in developing countries. Consumer’s behavior should be modified to reduce waste at down-stream level. The government and development partners have to develop sustainable initiatives through effective policies and raise awareness among the people to solve food wastage problem.

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Agricultural waste as a source of innovative and compostable composite biopolymers for food packaging: a scientific review

10.46354/i3m.2021.foodops.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Ronzano ◽

Roberta Stefanini ◽

Giulia Borghesi ◽

Giuseppe Vignali

Keyword(s):

Food Packaging ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Scientific Review ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Regional Project ◽

Materials Used

"The recovery of agriculture waste is one of the challenges of 2030 Agenda. Food and Agriculture Organization states that 30 % of the world’s agricultural land is used to produce food that is later lost or wasted, and the global carbon footprint corresponds to 7% of total greenhouse gases emissions. Alternatively, natural fibers contained in food and agricultural waste could be a valuable feedstock to reinforce composite biopolymers contributing to increase mechanical properties. In addition, the use of biopolymers matrix could contribute significantly to reduce the environmental footprint of the biobased compounds. Based on these premises, a regional project in Emilia-Romagna, aims to enhance agricultural waste to produce food packaging materials which in turn would contribute to the reduction of green raw materials used. This article reviews the state of art of composite biopolymers added with fillers extracted by food and agricultural waste, analyzing the literature published on scientific databases such as Scopus. The characteristics, advantages and drawbacks of each innovative sustainable material will be studied, trying to compare their various properties. The results of the work could guide companies in the choice of eco-sustainable packaging and lay the foundations for the development of the mentioned regional project."

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Latin American countries and Russia in the international trade of the main tropical fruits

Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises ◽

10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-10-48-59 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 48-59

Author(s):

Rafail R. Mukhametzyanov ◽

◽

Ana Isabel Fedorchuk Mac-Eachen ◽

Gulnara K. Dzhancharova ◽

Nikolay G. Platonovskiy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Latin American ◽

Developed Countries ◽

World Market ◽

Tropical Fruits ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

The World ◽

Latin American Countries

The orientation of a part of the population of economically developed countries to a healthy diet, the spread of ideas of vegetarianism, concern for the environment, and relatively higher incomes contributed to an increase in demand for fruits, berries and nuts of tropical and subtropical origin. Some of them, in particular bananas, oranges, tangerines, lemons, have become common food products and practically everyday consumption for the majority of the population of developed countries in the last quarter of the 20th century. In the future, some other types of fresh fruit and berry products from the tropics and subtropics (for example, pineapple, kiwi, avocado) gradually, due to increased production and international trade, also became more economically available to the ordinary consumer. Based on the analysis of statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for 1961-2019, the article shows a number of trends in international trade (for exports) of major tropical fruits are reflected, with a deeper look at the participation of Latin American countries in this process. It was revealed that some states of this region, such as Mexico, Ecuador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Honduras, Peru, Brazil, Chile, occupy significant positions in the supply of bananas, pineapple, avocado, mango, papaya to the world market. Currently, Russia is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of imports of fruit and berry products, therefore, the issue of its participation as a subject of demand in the world tropical fruit market is raised.

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Indicators of Complexity and Over-Complexification in Global Food Systems

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.683100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Philip A. Loring ◽

Palash Sanyal

Keyword(s):

Food Systems ◽

Food System ◽

Genetically Modified Crops ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Disruptive Technology ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Agricultural Revolution ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Global Food

Global food systems have increased in complexity significantly since the mid-twentieth century, through such innovations as mechanization, irrigation, genetic modification, and the globalization of supply chains. While complexification can be an effective problem-solving strategy, over-complexification can cause environmental degradation and lead systems to become increasingly dependent on external subsidies and vulnerable to collapse. Here, we explore a wide array of evidence of complexification and over-complexification in contemporary global food systems, drawing on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and elsewhere. We find that food systems in developed, emerging, and least developed countries have all followed a trajectory of complexification, but that return on investments for energy and other food system inputs have significantly declined—a key indicator of over-complexification. Food systems in developed countries are further along in the process of over-complexification than least developed and emerging countries. Recent agricultural developments, specifically the introduction of genetically modified crops, have not altered this trend or improved return on investments for inputs into food systems. Similarly, emerging innovations belonging to the “digital agricultural revolution” are likewise accompanied by energy demands that may further exacerbate over-complexification. To reverse over-complexification, we discuss strategies including innovation by subtraction, agroecology, and disruptive technology.

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Implementation Of The K-Means Cluster Algorithm In Rice Production Mapping And As A Decision Support For Agricultural Function Transition

Jurnal Informa ◽

10.46808/informa.v5i4.155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

Wahyu Wijaya Widiyanto ◽

Fendy Nugroho ◽

Kusrini Kusrini

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Mapping Method ◽

Rice Production ◽

Clustering Techniques ◽

Productivity Data ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Group Data ◽

Waterfall Model

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2014 Indonesia ranked 3rd with a total rice production of 70.6 million tons, but it still remains a rice importing country. As one of the districts known as rice barn, Sukoharjo is targeted to continue to increase crop productivity every year to keep up with the growing population, so it is necessary to know areas with less optimal yields, and minimize changes in agricultural land use change. A mapping method for harvest results is needed to group data in each region based on the similarity of harvest data. In data mining, clustering techniques are known that can be used to map harvest productivity data based on their similarity. This study applies clustering techniques using the KMeans algorithm to map rice harvest productivity data by dividing data into 3 groups, namely many, medium, and less. The research method used is SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) with a waterfall model. The K-Means algorithm is implemented using website-based programming to map harvest productivity data using attributes of planting area and rice production. The results of the mapping are visualized into a recommendation of agricultural land clustering and agricultural products as well as one of the decision makers in the transfer of agricultural functions so that subdistricts that have a lot of productivity, are moderate and lacking based on the characteristics of the data

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The possibilities of alternative protein use in animal nutrition

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 854 (1) ◽

pp. 012026

Author(s):

O Djuragic ◽

S Rakita ◽

D Dragojlovic

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽

The European Union ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Poultry Diets ◽

Alternative Sources

Abstract The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) predicts there will not be enough food for human and animal nutrition until 2050. Global demand for animal protein for human consumption is increasing, and this consequently increases the price of these ingredients. This will open several challenges to provide enough animal feed. In the European Union, the use of processed animal proteins in pig and poultry diets is prohibited due to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) legislation, while globally, the land availability for soy cultivation is limited. The European food market is dependent on huge import of soybean, which is the main source of valuable proteins and one of the main ingredients in feeds. Feed ingredients must not contain antinutritive factors that would adversely affect animal production and must have an acceptable price. Some of the alternative plant sources of protein are fava beans, peas, lentils, hemp, different grain seeds, etc. To find alternative sources of protein of animal origin scientists are increasingly investigating the use of worm, snail or grasshopper meals and also marine organisms, usually algae, shells or starfish. Single cell proteins are a specific kind of protein from different microbial sources, including microalgae, yeast, fungi, and bacteria.

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Food and Agriculture Organization

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300005233 ◽

1947 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 516-519

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United Nations ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Local Production ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Economic Commission ◽

The World ◽

Realistic View ◽

A Current

International Cereals Conference: Under the sponsorship of FAO and at the request of the International Emergency Food Council, a special cereals conference met in Paris from July 9 to 12. The United Nations, the Economic Commission for Europe, the International Wheat Council, and some fifty-two nations were invited to attend the conference for a general discussion of measures which might be taken to ease the effects of the severe world shortage of grains expected for 1947–48. The Conference reported an “unparalleled” scarcity of grain in Europe and estimated the world's requirements at 50,000,000 tons. Both the Canadian and United States delegations, representing the two greatest grain-exporting nations of the world, criticized this figure as an overestimation and warned that a more “realistic view” should be taken of the export possibilities of their countries which were expected to furnish twothirds of the total 32,000,000 tons of exportable grain for the season. Motions adopted at the closing plenary session of the Conference pledged the grain-importing nations to take drastic steps to conserve available local production and to insure their maximum distribution for “exclusively human consumption.” These motions also described machinery for keeping data collected on a current basis and for the issuance of quarterly reports on the cereal situation in each country.

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Fishmeal Dietary Replacement up to 50%: A Comparative Study of Two Insect Meals for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani12020179 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Federico Melenchón ◽

Eduardo de Mercado ◽

Héctor J. Pula ◽

Gabriel Cardenete ◽

Fernando G. Barroso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Fish Growth ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Damage Indicators

The demand of optimal protein for human consumption is growing. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has highlighted aquaculture as one of the most promising alternatives for this protein supply gap due to the high efficiency of fish growth. However, aquaculture has been facing its own sustainability problem, because its high demand for protein has been traditionally satisfied with the use of fishmeal (FM) as the main source. Some of the most promising and sustainable protein substitutes for FM come from insects. The present manuscript provides insight into an experiment carried out on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a 50% replacement of FM with different larvae insect meals: Hermetia illucens (HI), and Tenebrio molitor (TM). TM showed better results for growth, protein utilization and more active digestive function, supported by intestinal histological changes. Liver histology and intermediary metabolism did not show relevant changes between insect meals, while other parameters such as antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue damage indicators showed the potential of insect meals as functional ingredients.

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