Agricultural waste as a source of innovative and compostable composite biopolymers for food packaging: a scientific review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ronzano ◽  
Roberta Stefanini ◽  
Giulia Borghesi ◽  
Giuseppe Vignali
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
Materials Used

"The recovery of agriculture waste is one of the challenges of 2030 Agenda. Food and Agriculture Organization states that 30 % of the world’s agricultural land is used to produce food that is later lost or wasted, and the global carbon footprint corresponds to 7% of total greenhouse gases emissions. Alternatively, natural fibers contained in food and agricultural waste could be a valuable feedstock to reinforce composite biopolymers contributing to increase mechanical properties. In addition, the use of biopolymers matrix could contribute significantly to reduce the environmental footprint of the biobased compounds. Based on these premises, a regional project in Emilia-Romagna, aims to enhance agricultural waste to produce food packaging materials which in turn would contribute to the reduction of green raw materials used. This article reviews the state of art of composite biopolymers added with fillers extracted by food and agricultural waste, analyzing the literature published on scientific databases such as Scopus. The characteristics, advantages and drawbacks of each innovative sustainable material will be studied, trying to compare their various properties. The results of the work could guide companies in the choice of eco-sustainable packaging and lay the foundations for the development of the mentioned regional project."

Perspectives of the Silicon Dioxide Production from Rice Husk in Kazakhstan: an Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
O. Kapizov ◽  
S. Azat ◽  
K. Askaruly ◽  
U. Zhantikeyev ◽  
Z. Tauanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Synthesis Routes

Rice husks (RHs) are the hard-protecting coverings of grains of rice. Considering the fact that this agricultural waste accumulates over the years, the need for prompt resolve for RH waste is readily apparent. As claimed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the production of the global paddy rice in 2016 is considered to be 748.0 million tons. Based on this, the amount of RHs makes up about ~20% of paddy rice production by weight. Much of this production is treated as waste and either thrown into rivers or tossed on landfills, often causing pollution problems when it decays or simply returned to the fields where it can become airborne. This work presents synthesis routes for the production of SiO2 from RH sourced in Kazakhstan. RH, chosen from Almaty, Kyzylorda and Turkystan regions, was utilized as the major silica source. The results shown verified that the highest purity (98.2–99.7%) amorphous silica with a certain surface area between 120–980 m2 g-1 could be extracted during acid treatment and controlled calcination. The structure is amorphous, porosity diameter reduced from 26.4 nm to 0.9 nm, certain pore volume raised from 0.5 to 1.2 cm3 g‒1.

scholarly journals Implementation Of The K-Means Cluster Algorithm In Rice Production Mapping And As A Decision Support For Agricultural Function Transition

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Wahyu Wijaya Widiyanto ◽  
Fendy Nugroho ◽  
Kusrini Kusrini
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Waterfall Model

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2014 Indonesia ranked 3rd with a total rice production of 70.6 million tons, but it still remains a rice importing country. As one of the districts known as rice barn, Sukoharjo is targeted to continue to increase crop productivity every year to keep up with the growing population, so it is necessary to know areas with less optimal yields, and minimize changes in agricultural land use change. A mapping method for harvest results is needed to group data in each region based on the similarity of harvest data. In data mining, clustering techniques are known that can be used to map harvest productivity data based on their similarity. This study applies clustering techniques using the KMeans algorithm to map rice harvest productivity data by dividing data into 3 groups, namely many, medium, and less. The research method used is SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) with a waterfall model. The K-Means algorithm is implemented using website-based programming to map harvest productivity data using attributes of planting area and rice production. The results of the mapping are visualized into a recommendation of agricultural land clustering and agricultural products as well as one of the decision makers in the transfer of agricultural functions so that subdistricts that have a lot of productivity, are moderate and lacking based on the characteristics of the data

scholarly journals A Greater Share of Organic Agriculture in Relation to Food Security Resulting from the Energy Demand Obtained from Food—Scenarios for Poland until 2030

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6959
Author(s):  
Anna Kuczuk ◽  
Katarzyna Widera
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Food Wastage

In line with the assumptions of the European Green Deal, it is planned to allocate 25% of agricultural land to organic farming by 2030. However, the question arises: what share of organic farming and under what additional conditions is it able to feed the population of a given country? The aim of the article is to try to answer the above question for the example of Poland. In particular, the authors analyze: the problem of satisfying people’s nutritional needs, reducing food wastage, and finally the relationship between sustainable consumption and increasing the share of organic farming in Poland. Attention was also paid to possible potential changes in the agricultural land area with the growing share of organic farming. The proposed scenarios for the transition to organic farming concern the year 2030. We propose to increase the share in 20%, 40% and 60%, imposing them on changes in sustainable consumption of +/− 25%, +/− 50% and +/− 75%. The available FAOSTAT (Statistic Data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and Statistics Poland data from 2008–2018 were used for the analysis. The model scenario analysis showed that the total food demand will be met in most of the scenarios. It has also been shown that with a higher level of transition to organic farming, it becomes necessary to reduce food wastage. Changing the consumption style not only creates opportunities for a wider development of organic farming in Poland but can also generate free areas on arable land (e.g., even more than 26% of free area in the +/− 75% scenario). This may create potential opportunities for their use in the production of consumer crops, but also in the protection of the natural and agricultural environment.

scholarly journals Potensi Pemanfaatan Serat Selulosa sebagai Material Bahan Baku dalam Sintesis Filter Udara Non-Woven sesuai Standar TAPPI T 205

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Irwan Suriaman ◽  
Mardiyati ◽  
Jooned Hendrarsakti ◽  
Ari Darmawan Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Materials Used

Industry 4.0 era materials used by entrepreneurs should be recycled, environmentally friendly, renewable with less chemical content. Indonesia as a tropical country has a large land area with the potential to produce the largest natural fiber in the world. One opportunity that can be applied to the utilization of natural fibers in air filters that currently use dominant materials is synthetic fibers. natural fiber has the advantage because it does not contain toxic chemicals, local raw materials, and is easily produced. This research will analyze the mechanical and morphological characteristics of biological fibers that have great potential as pre-filter raw material. Analysis of mechanical properties through tensile strength testing for single fibers and morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile testing was the results are; palm oil has a tensile strength of 620 MPa; 998 MPa and 213 MPa flax coconut fiber. For the morphological test results from SEM analysis for ramie fiber, it looks solid without fiber holes; The fibers appear to be many small fibers bound to one another while coir fibers have many pore holes in one observed fiber.

TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN DAN PEMANFAATAN KARBON AKTIF UNTUK INDUSTRI

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Effendi Arsad
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petroleum Chemical ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Chemical Materials

The  activated carbon is very important  for has  processed product activated carbon.   In south Kalimantan has a big prospects due to the big potential of the raw material provided by the nature and industrial waste. There are a lot of raw materials that can be used for the manufacture of activated carbon such as  agricultural waste, sugarcane waste, waste of sawn timber, lives stock waste and coal  processing waste.Manufacture of activated carbon can be done in  ways: chemical  and physical processes. Activation  is very important in the manufacture of activated carbon in addition to the raw materials used. Activated carbon is charcoal that has undergone changes in chemical properties  and physical properties due to be activated with the activator chemical materials or can by heating at high temperatures, so that absorption , surface area, and the ability to absorb become as very good. Activated carbon is used as an absorbent to absorb heavy metals, in medicine and food, on liquor, petroleum chemical, shrimp farming, the sugar industry of gas purification, catalyst and fertilizer processing.Key wood :  technology  processed, activated carbon

Various Approaches for Food Waste Processing and Its Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 578-594
Author(s):  
Anupam Pandey ◽  
Priyanka Harishchandra Tripathi ◽  
Ashutosh Paliwal ◽  
Ankita Harishchandra Tripathi ◽  
Satish Chandra Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Food Wastage

Food wastage is a huge crisis arising in today's world. An extensive amount of waste generation has become a serious concern of our society in the past years that affects developing and developed countries equally, and according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), as much as one-third of the food intentionally grown for human consumption is never consumed and is therefore wasted, with significant environmental, social, and economic ramifications. By wasting food, we also waste the time and energy that we have used to produce the food and as well our natural resources and the limited available agricultural land will be used up which could be handled in a much better and sustainable way. Additionally, waste has a strong financial impact and affects the environment including the overall greenhouse gas emission. In an increasingly resource-constrained world, it is imperative to reduce the high environmental, social, and economic impacts associated with this type of waste.

Determination of zinc in cassava based polymeric materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110138
Author(s):  
Rada-Mendoza Maite ◽  
Chito-Trujillo Diana ◽  
Hoyos-Saavedra Olga Lucía ◽  
Arciniegas-Herrera Jose Luis ◽  
Molano-Tobar Nancy Janneth
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Flexible Films ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Materials Used

The current trends in biodegradable food packaging include the use of materials such as biopolymers which should be free of toxic metals to ensure their quality and use in multiple applications. However, these samples can contain zinc given its presence in the materials used to make them. In this study, a method to determine the concentration of zinc (Zn) in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films samples based on Cassava and in their raw materials (flour, starch and fique) using flame-atomic absorption spectroscopy is described. Prior, an acid digestion with nitric acid under reflux was required. The method was standardized by means of the evaluation of statistical parameters. The method was sufficiently lineal ( R2 = 0.999) in a working range from 0.1 to 1.0 mg Zn/L with detection and quantification limits of 0.03 and 0.82 mg/L, respectively. The method was found to be precise and accurate, and could therefore be used to measure Zn content at levels well below safe limits.The precision of the method was evaluated using intermediate precision and repeatability which showed coefficients of variation less than 6.7% and 4.7%, respectively. The percentages of recovery ranged from 96.5% to 98.2%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Zn in the studied biopolymers samples and the results obtained support the method’s suitability for determining the presence of the metal. Zinc concentrations in thermoformed, flexible films and flour were below 2.36, 2.14 and 2.01 mg/L, respectively, indicating that these polymers could be used for food containers.

Food and Agriculture Organization

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-190 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

The tenth session of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was held in Rome from October 31 through November 20, 1959. In its review of the world situation and oudook the Conference noted with satisfaction that in 1958 a 4 percent increase in world agricultural production had followed the temporary pause in expansion of the previous year, when harvests in many areas had been reduced by bad weather. The information available to the Conference indicated that world production would again rise in the 1959 season, though the increase would probably not be so great as in 1958, and that variable weather conditions were likely to result in considerable differences between regions and between individual commodities. The Conference expressed concern, however, over the fact that the greater part of the 1958 increase had been contributed by the technically advanced countries and that, apart from a substantial increase reported in mainland China, gains had generally been small in the less developed regions, where a rapid increase of agricultural production was urgently needed. In addition, much of the increase in production had not moved into consumption. The large cereal crops of 1958, especially in the United States, had led to a sharp rise in unsold stocks of wheat and coarse grains, and coffee and sugar stocks had also increased markedly. Thus, despite the existence of surplus stocks, the less developed countries could not afford to import sufficient food to ensure the adequate nutrition of their rapidly growing populations, and the problems of rural poverty and inadequate food supplies which characterized most of them could be overcome only by a build-up of dieir agricultures and a balanced development of their economies. Another adverse factor affecting the less developed countries had been the recession in economic activity in most of the industrialized countries in the two years since the previous session of the Conference, for the volume of exports of industrial raw materials had fallen by some 8 percent in 1958, thus decreasing the needed export earnings of the less developed countries. The Conference also expressed its concern at the slackening in the increase of production in relation to population, particularly in the less developed regions, during the last few years, as the average annual increase in world food production had recently been only about 0.5 percent above the average population growth of 1.6 percent, in contrast to the margin of some 1.5 percent that had been achieved in the earlier part of the postwar period.

scholarly journals EXPLORATION OF LAND RESOURCES FOR ANALYSING THE SUITABILITY OF SELECTED CROPS IN AN ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT OF THRISSUR DISTRICT, KERALA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W6 ◽  
pp. 435-437
Author(s):  
K. Shyju ◽  
K. Kumaraswamy
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
United Nations Food ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The fitness of land for a defined use is termed as land suitability. The aim of the study is to find the land suitability of for selected crops examining the indicators of land suitability. The study focuses on analysing suitability of agricultural crops in Pazhayannur Block of Thrissur District. Pazhayannur is the administrative unit (block) in the east of the Talapilli Taluk of Thrissur District in Kerala. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soils of Pazhayannur block like texture, depth, slope, erosion, pH, salinity and soil available primary nutrients (NPK), secondary nutrients and micronutrients are identified. The slope of the terrain using Cartosat-Digital Elevation Model, soil erosion, rainfall and land capability is analysed for suitability classification. Land suitability is studied for the selected crops like paddy, banana, coconut, and rubber. The weighted overlay analysis in GIS is adopted for the analysis. The parameters are weighted based on its class and its influence in suitability of specific crops. The results on agricultural land suitability for individual crops were divided into 5 categories according to the land suitability classification of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). It is identified that Pazhayannur has potential for the cultivation of the selected crops. The crops show high suitability (S1) in minor proportion and moderate suitability (S2) is found in 30 percent and above and marginal suitability (S3) is noticed in lesser areas. There is few portion of land which is currently not suitable for cultivation (N1) because of its topographic limitations. The restricted areas of forest are permanently not suited for agriculture (N2).</p>

scholarly journals Application of Protein-Based Films and Coatings for Food Packaging: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Chen ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Yaohua Cheng ◽  
Chuansheng Wang ◽  
Haichao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Food Packaging Materials ◽  
Gelatin Films ◽  
Materials Used

As the IV generation of packaging, biopolymers, with the advantages of biodegradability, process ability, combination possibilities and no pollution to food, have become the leading food packaging materials. Biopolymers can be directly extracted from biomass, synthesized from bioderived monomers and produced directly by microorganisms which are all abundant and renewable. The raw materials used to produce biopolymers are low-cost, some even coming from agrion dustrial waste. This review summarized the advances in protein-based films and coatings for food packaging. The materials studied to develop protein-based packaging films and coatings can be divided into two classes: plant proteins and animal proteins. Parts of proteins are referred in this review, including plant proteins i.e., gluten, soy proteins and zein, and animal proteins i.e., casein, whey and gelatin. Films and coatings based on these proteins have excellent gas barrier properties and satisfactory mechanical properties. However, the hydrophilicity of proteins makes the protein-based films present poor water barrier characteristics. The application of plasticizers and the corresponding post-treatments can make the properties of the protein-based films and coatings improved. The addition of active compounds into protein-based films can effectively inhibit or delay the growth of microorganisms and the oxidation of lipids. The review also summarized the research about the storage requirements of various foods that can provide corresponding guidance for the preparation of food packaging materials. Numerous application examples of protein-based films and coatings in food packaging also confirm their important role in food packaging materials.

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