scholarly journals FOOD WASTAGE: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Aviyan Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Global Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Wastage

Each year one third of all the produced food for human consumption is lost or wasted. Food wastage scales up the number of hungry people throughout the world and impairs the global food security. Food wastage not only decreases the availability of food, it also reduces the resources needed to produce food for future generation. In many low-income countries, there is considerable loss due to poor storage facilities and lack of capacity to transport produced food immediately after harvesting. Confusion arising from the existence and poor understanding of different food date labels are a major indirect causes of food wastage in developed countries. The quantitative and qualitative impacts of food wastage can be addressed through food wastage footprint. The total food wastage accounts for 3.3Gtonnes of CO2 equivalent. Globally, the blue water footprint of food wastage is about 250km3 equivalent to three times the volume of Lake Geneva. Produced but uneaten food occupies almost about 1.4 billion hectares of land; this represents close to 28% of the world’s agricultural land area. It is difficult to estimate the impact on biodiversity at global level. The impacts are assessed through deforestation due to agricultural expansion and species threatened during agricultural practices. Food wastage also leads to loss of economic value of food entities. Each year, 1 trillion USD is lost through food loss and waste at global level. The broad level of causes and impacts enable us to identify number of solutions to reduce food wastage. Improved practices at harvest and post-harvest stages by adopting new technical innovations could be the best way to mitigate losses in developing countries. Consumer’s behavior should be modified to reduce waste at down-stream level. The government and development partners have to develop sustainable initiatives through effective policies and raise awareness among the people to solve food wastage problem.

scholarly journals The Right to Education and ICT during COVID-19: An International Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9091
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Lázaro Lorente ◽  
Ana Ancheta Arrabal ◽  
Cristina Pulido-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

There is a lack of concluding evidence among epidemiologists and public health specialists about how school closures reduce the spread of COVID-19. Herein, we attend to the generalization of this action throughout the world, specifically in its quest to reduce mortality and avoid infections. Considering the impact on the right to education from a global perspective, this article discusses how COVID-19 has exacerbated inequalities and pre-existing problems in education systems around the world. Therefore, the institutional responses to guaranteeing remote continuity of the teaching–learning process during this educational crisis was compared regionally through international databases. Three categories of analysis were established: infrastructure and equipment, both basic and computer-based, as well as internet access of schools; preparation and means of teachers to develop distance learning; and implemented measures and resources to continue educational processes. The results showed an uneven capacity in terms of response and preparation to face the learning losses derived from school closure, both in low-income regions and within middle- and high-income countries. We concluded that it is essential to articulate inclusive educational policies that support strengthening the government response capacity, especially in low-income countries, to address the sustainability of education.

Extending social protection to persons with disabilities: Exploring the accessibility and the impact of the Disability Fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Peprah Opoku ◽  
William Nketsia ◽  
Elvis Agyei-Okyere ◽  
Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Units ◽  
The Impact

In many low-income countries, persons with disabilities are consistently denied access to essential services, contributing to a high incidence of poverty among them. The Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) exhorts countries to develop appropriate social protection to serve as a springboard to alleviate poverty among all persons. The government of Ghana has introduced Disability Fund to provide one-off financial support to persons with disabilities through its decentralised political units. This is to enable persons with disability to participate in socio-economic activities. However, after a decade of the establishment of the fund, anecdotal evidence still shows that many persons with disabilities continue to live in deplorable conditions. Therefore, the main aim of this qualitative study was to explore the beneficial impact of the fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from 48 participants, comprising 20 males and 28 females with disabilities. The narratives from the participants revealed that only a few were able to access the fund. In their quest to access the fund, participants encountered barriers, such as lack of information, delays in disbursement and insufficient funds. The findings underscore the need for re-evaluation of the administration of Disability Fund and its disbursement processes. The implications of the findings for policy reform are extensively discussed.

Various Approaches for Food Waste Processing and Its Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 578-594
Author(s):  
Anupam Pandey ◽  
Priyanka Harishchandra Tripathi ◽  
Ashutosh Paliwal ◽  
Ankita Harishchandra Tripathi ◽  
Satish Chandra Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Food Wastage

Food wastage is a huge crisis arising in today's world. An extensive amount of waste generation has become a serious concern of our society in the past years that affects developing and developed countries equally, and according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), as much as one-third of the food intentionally grown for human consumption is never consumed and is therefore wasted, with significant environmental, social, and economic ramifications. By wasting food, we also waste the time and energy that we have used to produce the food and as well our natural resources and the limited available agricultural land will be used up which could be handled in a much better and sustainable way. Additionally, waste has a strong financial impact and affects the environment including the overall greenhouse gas emission. In an increasingly resource-constrained world, it is imperative to reduce the high environmental, social, and economic impacts associated with this type of waste.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corruption and Shadow Economy on the Economic and Sustainable Development. Do They “Sand the Wheels” or “Grease the Wheels”?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Răzvan Hoinaru ◽  
Daniel Buda ◽  
Sorin Nicolae Borlea ◽  
Viorela Ligia Văidean ◽  
Monica Violeta Achim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Having in mind the main debate “grease the wheels” vs. “sand the wheels”, the main objective of this study is to find the way in which corruption and shadow economy influence economic and sustainable development. A large cross-country database of 185 countries is used for the 2005–2015 time period. We find that corruption and shadow economy are poverty-driven diseases and they highly characterize low-income countries. Thus, the higher levels of corruption and shadow economy are correlated with low levels of economic and sustainable development. Then, the main contribution of this work consists of finding general and empirical evidence for the destructive role held by the corruption and shadow economy phenomena upon the economic and sustainable development of states. However, we also find some evidence that corruption can be also seen as a way to circumvent the law in order to achieve higher economic benefits and thereby to increase economic development. In addition, we find that economic and sustainable development in high-income countries is more strongly and negatively affected by the phenomena of corruption and shadow economy than in the case of low-income countries. Our research may have political implications for the government institutions that need to adopt the best-required policies, in order to boost economic and sustainable development. For low-income countries, we find some evidence for positive effects of corruption and shadow economy upon economic and sustainable development and the immediate practical implications are not to encourage but to effectively and strongly fight against these destructive phenomena and to find the proper channels to increase the institutional quality and to adopt the appropriate regulatory policies.

The Impact of Workers’ Remittances on Private Investment and Total Consumption in Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kausar Yasmeen ◽  
Ambreen Anjum ◽  
Kashifa Yasmeen ◽  
Sidra Twakal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
The Impact

To check the two Objectives of the study one exploring the impact of work remittance on economic growth and second is Impact of work remittance on private investment and total consumption, 25 years’ time series data collected from the Economic survey of Pakistan for the time 1984-2009. The methodology used for the analysis, is Regression model so for regression we have used OLS (ordinary least square model).the work remittance has positively related with the Private investment and total consumption which results increase in GDP and economic growth of Pakistan. This research favor the study of Burki (1991),Ahmad(1986), Charless (1989) Adam(1998) and Darry (2005) this research may be helpful for other low income countries, they can analysis the Workers’ remittances impact on Private investment and Total consumption  of their countries to encourage the workers remittance. Developing countries may request to developed countries to soft police for work remittance in favor of their countries. This might boost their TC and PI which boost up the economy.

Various Approaches for Food Waste Processing and Its Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-211
Author(s):  
Anupam Pandey ◽  
Priyanka Harishchandra Tripathi ◽  
Ashutosh Paliwal ◽  
Ankita Harishchandra Tripathi ◽  
Satish Chandra Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Food Wastage

Food wastage is a huge crisis arising in today's world. An extensive amount of waste generation has become a serious concern of our society in the past years that affects developing and developed countries equally, and according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), as much as one-third of the food intentionally grown for human consumption is never consumed and is therefore wasted, with significant environmental, social, and economic ramifications. By wasting food, we also waste the time and energy that we have used to produce the food and as well our natural resources and the limited available agricultural land will be used up which could be handled in a much better and sustainable way. Additionally, waste has a strong financial impact and affects the environment including the overall greenhouse gas emission. In an increasingly resource-constrained world, it is imperative to reduce the high environmental, social, and economic impacts associated with this type of waste.

scholarly journals The Bad Effects Caused by Policy Prescription and Financial Assistance by IMF on Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Policy Prescription ◽  
The Imf

Actually in some cases, the IMF has a little positive effect on developing economics while has a vast bad effect on all developing economics. The main purpose of the study is to examine the impact of IMF on developing countries. The globalization of the world economy gives rise to large global inequalities. The inequalities are responsible for increasing absolute poverty and starvation. Low-income countries are suffering from financial crises to reduce their absolute poverty and starvation. So they have to depend on IMF and various financial institutions. But the IMF policies are heavily criticized and unhelpful. The IMF sometimes led to an increased dependency of developing countries upon developed countries. The social sectors of developing countries such as the health and education sectors are most affected by these policies. So these policies increase poverty and underdevelopment of the developing world.

Trends in Infant Feeding in Developing Countries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-666
Author(s):  
Francis Notzon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing World ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, interest in breast-feeding and infant-supplementation practices in the developing world has been growing. Numerous community, regional, and national studies have described the patterns of breast-feeding and, to a lesser extent, of supplementation in a wide range of low-income countries. Nevertheless, adequate documentation of national trends in breast-feeding is available for only a small number of developing countries, and trends in supplementation remain to be described. The apparent decline in breast-feeding in the developing world has been the subject of numerous articles describing the impact of this trend on infant morbidity and mortality, fertility levels, and family finances. Frequently, the examples used to illustrate the decrease in breast-feeding are methedologically flawed; they use nonrepresentative or noncomparable samples, for example, or make implicit assumptions about past breast-feeding practices. In spite of such shortcomings, the consistent reports of important declines appear to indicate that some basic changes are taking place in breast-feeding practices in certain areas of the developing world. The fact that these changes seem to be following the general pattern of breast-feeding decline that occurred at earlier times in developed countries adds to their plausibility. Although a general awareness of changes in lactation in the developing world now prevails, the documentation of this trend is far from complete. Even for those countries in which trends have been appropriately measured, the amount and pattern of change may vary widely from country to country. In most of the countries with information on breast-feeding trends, recent declines have occurred, although the decreases range from sharp to moderate.

Dampak Insentif Pajak Perumahan Terhadap Potensi Penerimaan Pajak Negara Dan Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat : Kasus Provinsi Papua

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Towaf Totok Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
High Price ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Until now the government and private sector have not been able to address the backlog of 13.5 million housing units for ownership status and 7.6 million units for residential status. The high price of land has led to the high price of the house so that low-income communities (MBR) is not able to reach out to make a home purchase. In addition to the high price of land, tax factors also contribute to the high price of the house. The government plans to issue a policy for the provision of tax incentives, ie abolish VAT on home-forming material transaction. This policy is expected to house prices become cheaper, so the demand for housing increases, and encourage the relevant sectors to intensify its role in the construction of houses. It is expected to replace the lost tax potential and increase incomes. Analysis of the impact of tax incentives housing to potential state revenue and an increase in people's income, especially in Papua province is using the table IO because in addition to looking at the role each sector can also see the impact on taxes (income tax 21 Pph 25 Pph, VAT), and incomes (wage). Although in the short-term impact is still small, but very rewarding in the long run. Keywords: Backlog, Gross Input, Primary Input, Intermediate Input

Impact of COVID-19 on FDIs, Remittances and Foreign Aids: A Case Study of Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 097639962097420
Author(s):  
Gaurav Bhattarai ◽  
Binita Subedi
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The global economy has been severely paralysed, owing to the unprecedented crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, and different studies have indicated that the crisis is relatively more maleficent to the lower-income and middle-income economies. Methodologically, this study relied on the review and analysis of the grey literature, media reporting and data published by the Asian Development Bank, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations (UN), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) among others. The article begins by describing the impact of the pandemic on low-income and middle-income countries, and it discusses how they have responded to the crisis. While discussions have surfaced regarding whether COVID-19 will reverse the process of globalization, what will be its impact on the low-income country like Nepal? The study also highlights that with foreign direct investments speculated to shrink and foreign assistance and remittance taking a hit, how is Nepal struggling to keep its economy afloat? Analysing the new budget that the government unveiled in 2020, this study concludes with a note that instead of effectively implementing the plans and policies directed by the budget, Nepal is unnecessarily engaged in political mess and is needlessly being dragged into the geopolitical complications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document