ADHD, Parental Stress, Stigma, and Mindfulness Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 278-304
Author(s):  
Rejani Thudalikunnil Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Parental Stress ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Parental Rating ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes

Many studies have proven that parental stress was associated with childhood mental disorders and disabilities, and in recent years, studies have shown that parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) experience more parenting stress than parents of typically developing children. Parents living with a child with ADHD experienced stress as they struggled to cope with the child's symptoms amidst the stigmatizing attitudes from family and community members. The chapter tried to explore various factors related with parental stress and ADHD such as quality of life, parental rating of ADHD symptoms and related issues, treatment outcome, marital life, and mental health. One of the important factors contributing to stress is stigma, and the chapter also attempted to explore the link between parental stress and stigma, especially related to ADHD and its interventions. The chapter emphasized the role of mindfulness training for treating ADHD and parental stress while pointing out the methodological limitations.

scholarly journals The quality of life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the Coronavirus disease 19 emergency in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyo Ueda ◽  
Takashi Okada ◽  
Yosuke Kita ◽  
Yuri Ozawa ◽  
Hisami Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Intellectual Quotient ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Job Flexibility

AbstractThis study aimed to reveal how the COVID-19 stay-at-home period has affected the quality of life (QOL) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents and to identify possible factors that enabled them to maintain their QOL. We enrolled 136 school-aged children (intellectual quotient ≥ 50) and their parents and administered QOL questionnaires to assess the maladaptive behavior of the children; depression, anxiety, and stress of the parents; and activities of their daily lives. The relationship between their QOL and clinical features was examined. The decrease in QOL of children and parents was associated with the mother’s limited job flexibility. Decreased QOL was also associated with changes in the sleep rhythms of the children. Maladaptive behaviors in children were associated with parental stress. However, maintained QOL of some families who faced these same conditions of job stress and sleep disorders was associated with less parental stress, less parental depression and anxiety, and milder maladaptive behavior in children. Both mothers with limited job flexibility and changes in the sleep rhythm of children were associated with reduced QOL of children and their parents. Low parental stress was associated with decreased maladaptive behavior in children and with maintained QOL of the family.

scholarly journals A Translational Perspective of Maternal Immune Activation by SARS-CoV-2 on the Potential Prenatal Origin of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Role of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Javier Reyes-Lagos ◽  
Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro ◽  
Juan Carlos Echeverría ◽  
Hugo Mendieta-Zerón ◽  
Alejandra Vargas-Caraveo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Psychophysiological Data

The emergent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could produce a maternal immune activation (MIA) via the inflammatory response during gestation that may impair fetal neurodevelopment and lead to postnatal and adulthood mental illness and behavioral dysfunctions. However, so far, limited evidence exists regarding long-term physiological, immunological, and neurodevelopmental modifications produced by the SARS-CoV-2 in the human maternal-fetal binomial and, particularly, in the offspring. Relevant findings derived from epidemiological and preclinical models show that a MIA is indeed linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that a gestational infection triggered by SARS-CoV-2 increases the risks leading to neurodevelopmental disorders of the newborn, which can affect childhood and the long-term quality of life. In particular, disruption of either the maternal or the fetal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) could cause or exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 in the maternal-fetal binomial. From a translational perspective, in this paper, we discuss the possible manifestation of a MIA by SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders considering the role of the fetal-maternal cytokine cross-talk and the CAP. Specifically, we highlight the urgent need of preclinical studies as well as multicenter and international databanks of maternal-fetal psychophysiological data obtained pre-, during, and post-infection by SARS-CoV-2 from pregnant women and their offspring.

scholarly journals Sensory Reactivity Phenotype in Phelan–McDermid Syndrome Is Distinct from Idiopathic ASD

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Teresa Tavassoli ◽  
Christina Layton ◽  
Tess Levy ◽  
Mikaela Rowe ◽  
Julia George-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Sensory Assessment ◽  
Sensory Reactivity ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Insight Into

Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common genetic forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While sensory reactivity symptoms are widely reported in idiopathic ASD (iASD), few studies have examined sensory symptoms in PMS. The current study delineates the sensory reactivity phenotype and examines genotype–phenotype interactions in a large sample of children with PMS. Sensory reactivity was measured in a group of 52 children with PMS, 132 children with iASD, and 54 typically developing (TD) children using the Sensory Assessment for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (SAND). The SAND is a clinician-administered observation and corresponding caregiver interview that captures sensory symptoms based on the DSM-5 criteria for ASD. Children with PMS demonstrated significantly greater hyporeactivity symptoms and fewer hyperreactivity and seeking symptoms compared to children with iASD and TD controls. There were no differences between those with Class I deletions or sequence variants and those with larger Class II deletions, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of SHANK3 is the main driver of the sensory phenotype seen in PMS. The syndrome-specific sensory phenotype identified in this study is distinct from other monogenic forms of ASD and offers insight into the potential role of SHANK3 deficiency in sensory reactivity. Understanding sensory reactivity abnormalities in PMS, in the context of known glutamatergic dysregulation, may inform future clinical trials in the syndrome.

The role of education in the accumulation and transmission of social experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Yakovlevich Flier
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Communicative Acts

It is demonstrated that social experience is accumulated in the process of real joint life activity of people in the course of satisfying their group and individual interests and needs, in which there is a constant spontaneous rejection of those forms (technologies and results) of their actions, conduct, communicative acts, the used means, ideological and value foundations, etc. that are recognized as harmful or potentially dangerous for the existing level of social integration of the team and turn out to be unacceptable in terms of their social cost and consequences. Some of these undesirable forms eventually fall under institutional taboo (legislative, religious and other prohibitions, sanctions, etc.), while others remain condemned within the framework of customs (morality, virtue). The forms that in the short term, and especially in the long term, prove to be quite acceptable or even desirable from the point of view of maintaining, reproducing, and sometimes increasing the level of social consolidation of community members, their tolerance, the quality of their mutual understanding and interaction, both spontaneously and over time institutionally selected as recommended, are accumulated and consolidated in social norms, standards, values, rules, laws, and ideological principles. Education is one of these most effective forms. The article shows what functions are performed by education at all levels and stages.

scholarly journals Analysis of Microbial Communities Associated with Bioremediation Systems for Thiocyanate-Laden Mine Water Effluents

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 601-604
Author(s):  
Robert J. Huddy ◽  
Fadzai Kadzinga ◽  
Sumayah F. Rahman ◽  
Rose Kantor ◽  
Jillian F. Banfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effluent Water ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Gold Ores ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Refractory Gold Ores ◽  
Refractory Gold ◽  
Key Microorganisms ◽  
Sulphur Species

During the processing of refractory gold ores, cyanide (CN-) and residual sulphur species react to form an effluent stream containing thiocyanate (SCN-) and residual CN-. The release of SCN- and CN- containing effluent water to the environment is prohibited, necessitating effective treatment prior to discharge and/or reuse of contaminated plant water. Biologically mediated effluent remediation processes have been developed for commercial use, to remediate SCN- containing effluents, with the aim of enabling recycling of process water and improving the quality of effluent water prior to disposal. Bioremediation processes to treat these effluents rely on a complex consortium of microorganisms to metabolise the SCN- resulting in the production of ammonium that is in turn removed by conversion to nitrite and subsequent denitrification. Increasingly, genomic methods are being used to investigate processes in wastewater treatment to identify key microbial species and, thereby, inform the rationale design and operation of these bioremediation systems. The microbial ecology of laboratory-based SCN- degrading bioprocesses have been investigated, using genome resolved metagenomics, to provide detailed information on the community composition and metabolic profile of abundant microbial community members. Our on-going research is focused on developing a greater understanding of the heterotrophic and autotrophic populations of microorganisms within the SCN- degrading community as well as the role of the component members in SCN- destruction. We are interested in the formation of microbial biofilm and the spatial distribution of key microorganisms within the resulting biofilm communities. This information is being used to inform further rational development of SCN- degradation processes for treatment of contaminated wastewater effluents.

Physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers: A modest role of ethnicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1959-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. Navarrete ◽  
Jaime R. Silva ◽  
Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn ◽  
Rodrigo A. Cárcamo
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractMapuche represents the largest indigenous group in Chile amounting to nearly 10% of the total population. In a longitudinal cohort of 12,398 children, we analyzed the role of ethnicity in physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers (age 2.5 years), taking into account sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics. As indicated by our univariate analysis, the Mapuche developmental niche was characterized by lower income, lower maternal education, poorer quality of the home environment, longer breastfeeding, and higher parental stress. Physical development showed higher body mass index. Mapuche children showed less externalizing problems. We then analyzed the incremental contribution of ethnicity in a series of hierarchical regressions with the second wave of developmental measurements (age 4.5 years) as outcome variables, showing a significant but modest incremental contribution of ethnicity to the prediction of children's development between 2.5 and 4.5 years of age. Controlling for environmental variables, Mapuche showed less externalizing and internalizing, behavior problems. Socioeconomic status, quality of the home environment, and parenting stress were stronger predictors of socioemotional development than ethnicity per se.

Factors Influencing the Quality of Social Support Messages Produced Online: The Role of Responsibility for Distress and Others’ Support Attempts

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 866-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Rains ◽  
Eric Tsetsi ◽  
Chelsie Akers ◽  
Corey A. Pavlich ◽  
Michael Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Politeness Strategies

Brunswik’s lens model was used as a guide to investigate the conditions under which people produce more and less effective support messages online. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of identity cues concerning a support seeker’s responsibility for his or her distress and behavioral residue involving other online community members’ responses to the support seeker. Participants evaluated the support seeker more negatively, produced support messages containing lower levels of person-centeredness, and used fewer politeness strategies when the support seeker was more responsible for his or her distress than when the seeker was less responsible. These effects tended to be intensified when the quality of support from other community members was congruent with seeker responsibility compared with when others’ support and seeker responsibility were incongruent.

scholarly journals Challenges of Parents with Two Intellectually Disabled Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Francina P X ◽  
Tintu N S ◽  
Venishya Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Family ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Multiple Levels

This study was conducted to assess the psycho-social problems faced by parents with more than one intellectually disabled child in Mangalapuram Panchayath of Trivandrum District, Kerala. The psycho-social elements considered for this qualitative study includes emotional adaptability of parents, the role of support systems and the precautions taken by the family after the birth of the first child. Data were collected from 5 cases selected from the 15 cases identified in Mangalapuram panchayath. The cases were purposively selected from parents having minimum two disabled children. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide as a tool. The difficulty faced by the families with two disabled children reveals multiple levels of stress when compared to families with typically developing children. Such families face problems ranging from financial aspects to the physical, psychological and social aspects, which in turn affect their quality of life.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Pediatric Cancer and Its Treatment: The Role of Sleep

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paola Mogavero ◽  
Oliviero Bruni ◽  
Lourdes M. DelRosso ◽  
Raffaele Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Psychological Disturbances ◽  
Possible Cause

Cognitive impairment is frequent in pediatric cancer, and behavioral and psychological disturbances often also affect children who have survived cancer problems. Furthermore, pediatric tumors are also often associated with sleep disorders. The interrelationship between sleep disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders and pediatric cancer, however, is still largely unexplored. In this narrative review we approach this important aspect by first considering studies on pediatric cancer as a possible cause of neurodevelopmental disorders and then describing pediatric cancer occurring as a comorbid condition in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we discuss the role of sleep disorders in children with cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. Even if the specific literature approaching directly the topic of the role of sleep in the complex relationship between pediatric cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders was found to be scarce, the available evidence supports the idea that in-depth knowledge and correct management of sleep disorders can definitely improve the health and quality of life of children with cancer and of their families.

scholarly journals Social Innovation for Sustainability: The Case of Oil Producing Communities in the Niger Delta region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6767
Author(s):  
Omobhude ◽  
Chen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Niger Delta Region

This study demonstrates how social innovation may engender development as well as peace in deep-rooted poverty and conflict regions in the Niger Delta context. By means of a qualitative study involving oil producing communities in the Niger Delta, this study identifies the dynamics, relevant actors and factors that foster social innovation, creating particular socio-economic outcomes, and contributes to the role of institutions in this context. Our findings suggest that active stakeholders’ engagement, facilitation and contributions from key actors significantly influences the quality of economic and social outcomes, but not necessarily environmental outcomes. This allows us to advance the theory on social innovation by analyzing the mechanisms through which social intervention processes may alter the lives of ordinary community members in areas where social and economic interventions are seriously required.

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