Physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers: A modest role of ethnicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1959-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. Navarrete ◽  
Jaime R. Silva ◽  
Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn ◽  
Rodrigo A. Cárcamo
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractMapuche represents the largest indigenous group in Chile amounting to nearly 10% of the total population. In a longitudinal cohort of 12,398 children, we analyzed the role of ethnicity in physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers (age 2.5 years), taking into account sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics. As indicated by our univariate analysis, the Mapuche developmental niche was characterized by lower income, lower maternal education, poorer quality of the home environment, longer breastfeeding, and higher parental stress. Physical development showed higher body mass index. Mapuche children showed less externalizing problems. We then analyzed the incremental contribution of ethnicity in a series of hierarchical regressions with the second wave of developmental measurements (age 4.5 years) as outcome variables, showing a significant but modest incremental contribution of ethnicity to the prediction of children's development between 2.5 and 4.5 years of age. Controlling for environmental variables, Mapuche showed less externalizing and internalizing, behavior problems. Socioeconomic status, quality of the home environment, and parenting stress were stronger predictors of socioemotional development than ethnicity per se.

Factors associated with the development of paediatric chronic otitis media by age nine: a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 6560 children

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
P J Clamp ◽  
K De-Loyde ◽  
A R Maw ◽  
S Gregory ◽  
J Golding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Objective This study aimed to analyse social, health and environmental factors associated with the development of chronic otitis media by age nine. Method This was a prospective, longitudinal, birth cohort study of 6560 children, reviewed at age nine. Chronic otitis media defined as previous surgical history or video-otoscopic changes of tympanic membrane retraction, perforation or cholesteatoma. Non-affected children were used as the control group. Results Univariate analysis demonstrated an association between chronic otitis media and otorrhoea, snoring, grommet insertion, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, hearing loss, abnormal tympanograms and preterm birth. Multivariate analysis suggests many of these factors may be interrelated. Conclusion The association between chronic otitis media and otorrhoea, abnormal tympanograms and grommets supports the role of the Eustachian tube and otitis media (with effusion or acute) in the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media. The role of snoring, adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy is unclear. Associations suggested by previous studies (sex, socioeconomic group, parental smoking, maternal education, childcare, crowding and siblings) were not found to be significant predictors in this analysis.

Sarcoligo: Impact of local ablative treatment of oligometastatic sarcomas on overall survival.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10042-10042
Author(s):  
Juliette Thariat ◽  
Laurence Moureau-Zabotto ◽  
Nicolas Penel ◽  
Antoine Italiano ◽  
Jacques-Olivier Bay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Locoregional Treatment ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
The Impact

10042 Background: 40-50% of sarcomas become metastatic. Median survival of metastatic patients has improved over time. The probably multifactorial reasons for such improvement are not fully clear. Noteworthy, for patients with a controlled primary and a limited number of lung metastases, complete resection of their metastases yields survival rates of up to 40% at three years. Advances in surgery, radiotherapy and radiofrequency have fostered the use of local treatments for various metastatic sites (lung, liver, spine...). Methods: A multicentric retrospective study of the Groupe Sarcome Francais (GSF-GETO); approved by the nationally-review board and ethical committee, was conducted to assess the impact of local ablative treatment on overall survival. Patients who had had oligometastases (any site, 1-5 synchronous metastases) at diagnostic or during the course of disease between 2000 and 2010 were included. Results: Median age of the 243 oligometastatic sarcoma patients was 53 years-old (11-86). Patients had grade I, II and III in 7.5%, 29.6% and 63.3% of cases, respectively with various histologies. 69% of patients underwent local ablative treatment of metastases. Median follow-up was 59 months (4-212) for living patients. Median overall survival was 51 months (1-348). On univariate analysis, grade, histology, absence of chemotherapy, local ablative treatment (surgery, irradiation, radiofrequency or chemoembolisation) correlated with survival but not age or site of oligometastasis. On multivariate analyses, grade (hazard ratio HR 0.12 [CI95 0.3-0.6]) and local ablative treatment (HR 3.8 [CI95 2.1-7.1]) remained significant. Conclusions: Local ablative treatment of metastases is associated with better survival in sarcoma patients with oligometastatic disease. The role of the locoregional treatment of metastases and its impact on quality of life should be assessed prospectively.

ADHD, Parental Stress, Stigma, and Mindfulness Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 278-304
Author(s):  
Rejani Thudalikunnil Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Parental Stress ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Parental Rating ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes

Many studies have proven that parental stress was associated with childhood mental disorders and disabilities, and in recent years, studies have shown that parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) experience more parenting stress than parents of typically developing children. Parents living with a child with ADHD experienced stress as they struggled to cope with the child's symptoms amidst the stigmatizing attitudes from family and community members. The chapter tried to explore various factors related with parental stress and ADHD such as quality of life, parental rating of ADHD symptoms and related issues, treatment outcome, marital life, and mental health. One of the important factors contributing to stress is stigma, and the chapter also attempted to explore the link between parental stress and stigma, especially related to ADHD and its interventions. The chapter emphasized the role of mindfulness training for treating ADHD and parental stress while pointing out the methodological limitations.

scholarly journals Is Body Fat Mass Associated with Worse Gross Motor Skills in Preschoolers?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Nobre ◽  
Rosane Morais ◽  
Amanda Fernandes ◽  
Ângela Viegas ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills

Abstract Objectives: To compare the motor competence of overweight/obese preschoolers with eutrophic peers with a similar level of physical activity, sex, age, socioeconomic status, maternal education, quality of the home environment and quality of the school environment, and to verify the association of body fat mass with gross motor skills in preschoolers.Design: Quantitative, exploratory, cross-sectional study design.Methods: Forty-nine children, aged 3 to 5 years old, from public schools in a Brazilian city were classified into eutrophic and overweight/obese groups.Results: Overweight/obese preschoolers had worse Locomotor subtest standard scores than their eutrophic peers (p = 0.01), but similar skills, Object Control subtest scores and Gross Motor Quotient (p > 0.05). Excess body fat mass explained 13% of the low Locomotor subtest standard scores in preschoolers (R2 = 0.13; p = 0.007).Conclusion: Excess body fat mass is associated with worse locomotor performance when the model is adjusted for contextual factors such as level of physical activity, sex, age, socioeconomic status, maternal education, quality of the home environment and quality of the school environment. Thus, excess body fat mass partly explains lower locomotor skills in preschoolers. These findings may assist with the development of public guidelines aimed at child health in order to outline strategies that enable the stimulation of locomotor skills in preschoolers with excess body fat mass.

Longitudinal Antecedents of School Bonding in Adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Terrett ◽  
Meredith O'Connor ◽  
Mary T. Hawkins ◽  
Ann Sanson ◽  
Diana Smart
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
School Bonding ◽  
Adolescent Outcomes ◽  
Australian Sample ◽  
The Individual

School bonding has been identified as a protective factor for a broad range of adolescent outcomes, and it is thus important to identify factors that foster positive relationships with school. The ecological perspective suggests the importance of both individual and contextual antecedents across developmental periods, yet previous research has tended to examine only a narrow selection of school bonding correlates. This study sought to identify longitudinal influences on school bonding, examining the role of both individual and contextual factors over childhood and early adolescence. We draw on data from 1,308 participants (51% female) in the Australian Temperament Project, a large representative Australian sample that has followed the psychosocial development of participants from infancy to adulthood, and thus provides a rare opportunity to address this gap in the literature. Path analysis was conducted to examine individual and contextual predictors of school bonding at 15–16 years. The individual characteristics of higher academic achievement and sociability, and lower hyperactivity predicted school bonding. Contextual factors also made a significant contribution, including the parent–child relationships and maternal education. The results indicate that both individual and contextual factors make unique contributions to school bonding in adolescence, suggesting a number of potential targets for intervention.

scholarly journals The influence of professional pharmacist services on pharmacy service quality of pharmacies in Kupang city, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4760
Author(s):  
Krista Yunita Salem ◽  
Muntasir . ◽  
Jacob M. Ratu ◽  
Frans Salesman ◽  
Andrieas Umbu Roga
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Drug Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharmacist Services ◽  
The City ◽  
Care Demands

Background: Changes in the orientation of pharmaceutical services from drug management to comprehensive patient care, demands optimization of the role of pharmacists in the Kupang City Pharmacy. This study aims to analyze the effect of professional pharmacist services on the quality of pharmacy services in the city of Kupang.Methods: The research design used was cross sectional. The population of this study were all patients who received services at private pharmacies in Kupang City. The population was divided into 2 clusters with 3-5 and 6-10 patients per day. The sample consisted of a sample of pharmacies and patients who brought prescriptions for each cluster. Retrieval of data by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate and mutivariate.Results: Univariate analysis showed a difference in the frequency of the variables for each cluster. Cluster visits 6-10 patients per day, the value of the variable was higher than the cluster visits 3-5 patients per day. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge, attitudes, skills, presence and responsibility of pharmacists and the quality of pharmaceutical services, with a significance of each p=1.000; 0.133; 0.003; 0.003; 0.000. However, simultaneously it does not have a significant effect because it has sig>0.05.Conclusions: There is an influence of pharmacist services in the aspects of knowledge, attitude, skills, presence and responsibility on the quality of pharmaceutical services at pharmacies in Kupang city, but it does not affect it simultaneously.

scholarly journals Correlates of Quality of Life for Individuals with Dementia Living at Home: The Role of Home Environment, Caregiver, and Patient-related Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura N. Gitlin ◽  
Nancy Hodgson ◽  
Catherine Verrier Piersol ◽  
Edward Hess ◽  
Walter W. Hauck
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
At Home

Caregivers' Perceptions of Their Child's Language Disorder: Alignment between Caregivers and Speech–Language Pathologists

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 427-442
Author(s):  
Jennifer Selin ◽  
Mary Schmitt ◽  
Margaret Hill
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Communicative Abilities

AbstractCaregivers' perceptions regarding their child's language disorder may influence caregivers' involvement in therapy as well as daily home interactions, thus impacting developmental outcomes. However, little is known about the alignment between caregivers' perceptions of their child's language disorder and those of speech–language pathologists (SLPs), nor of factors that might relate to alignment between caregivers and SLPs. This study addressed three aims: (1) to characterize caregivers' perceptions regarding children's quality of communicative interactions, competence in communicative abilities, and outcomes of communicative improvement; (2) to measure alignment between caregivers' and SLPs' perceptions; and (3) to explore caregiver- and child-level factors that might relate to alignment. Caregivers and SLPs of 3- to 4-year-old children currently receiving treatment for language disorders completed questionnaires to assess perceptions along with two caregiver factors (maternal education and self-efficacy) and child language disorder severity. Caregivers' perceptions were more positive and more variable than those of SLPs. However, caregivers and SLPs agreed in rating perceptions of present and future outcomes higher than either quality or competence. Maternal education, caregiver's self-efficacy, and children's language disorder severity were not related to alignment between caregivers and SLPs. Given the variability in caregivers' perceptions, future research should explore the role of perceptions in children's language intervention outcomes.

scholarly journals Mediating pathways in the socio-economic gradient of child development

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rubio-Codina ◽  
Orazio Attanasio ◽  
Sally Grantham-McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Home Stimulation

Research has previously shown a gap of near 0.5 of a standard deviation (SD) in cognition and language development between the top and bottom household wealth quartile in children aged 6–42 months in a large representative sample of low- and middle-income families in Bogota, using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. The gaps in fine motor and socio-emotional development were about half that size. Developmental deficits increased with age. The current study explored the associations amongst child development, household socio-economic status (SES), and a set of potential mediating variables—parental characteristics, child biomedical factors, and the quality of the home environment—in this sample. We ran mediation tests to quantify the contribution of these variables to the SES gap, and explored the role of age as a moderator. Parental education, particularly maternal education, and the quality of the home environment mediated the SES gap in all outcomes examined. Height-for-age mediated a small amount of the deficit in language scales only. More educated mothers provided better home stimulation than less educated mothers and the home environment partly mediated the effect of maternal education. These results suggested that in interventions aimed at promoting child development, those focusing on the quality of the home environment should be effective.

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