A Review of Technologies in Emergency Medicine and Sophisticated Collective Decision-Making in the Era of the Fight Against the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Georgios Kolostoumpis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
Rapid Spread

For last decade, one of the most popular ideas in healthcare services increased computational power. In this global health crisis, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas with pathogens including Ebola, zika, and coronavirus. The authors promise emergency technologies to prevent the concerningly rapid spread of coronavirus disease in the era on fight against pandemic. However, a digital revolution and sophisticated clinical decision tools play a key role in the support of system in public health globally. Emphasis is on an innovation introduction by various advance technologies to achieve with a various issue linked to this viral pandemic. Regardless, future research could continue to explore how different innovative technologies and support systems are helping in the fight against pandemics such as coronavirus.

scholarly journals Investigating Community Pharmacy Take Home Naloxone Dispensing during COVID-19: The Impact of One Public Health Crisis on Another

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
George Daskalakis ◽  
Ashley Cid ◽  
Kelly Grindrod ◽  
Michael A. Beazely
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overdose Deaths

A recent report found that the number of opioid-related deaths in Ontario in the first 15 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic was 38.2% higher than in the 15 weeks before the pandemic. Our study sought to determine if pharmacy professionals self-reported an increase or decrease in naloxone provision due to the pandemic and to identify adjustments made by pharmacy professionals to dispense naloxone during the pandemic. A total of 231 Ontario community pharmacy professionals completed an online survey. Pharmacy professionals’ barriers, facilitators, and comfort level with dispensing naloxone before and during the pandemic were identified. The sample consisted of mostly pharmacists (99.1%). Over half (51.1%) reported no change in naloxone dispensing, while 22.9% of respondents reported an increase and 24.7% a decrease. The most common adjustments made during the pandemic were training patients how to administer naloxone over video or phone, delivering naloxone kits, and pharmacy technicians offering naloxone at prescription intake. Over half (55%) of participants said the top barrier for dispensing was that patients did not request naloxone. Naloxone distribution through pharmacies could be further optimized to address the increased incidence of overdose deaths during the pandemic. Future research should investigate the reasons for changes in naloxone dispensing.

The Emergence of COVID-19 in the US: A Public Health and Political Communication Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Gollust ◽  
Rebekah H. Nagler ◽  
Erika Franklin Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us

Abstract The coronavirus public health crisis is also a political-communication and health-communication crisis. In this article, the authors describe the key communication-related phenomena and evidence of concerning effects manifested in the United States during the initial response to the pandemic. The authors outline the conditions of communication about coronavirus that contribute to deleterious outcomes, including partisan cueing, conflicting science, downplayed threats, emotional arousal, fragmented media, and Trump's messaging. The authors suggest these have contributed to divergent responses by media sources, partisan leaders, and the public alike, leading to different attitudes and beliefs as well as varying protective actions taken by members of the public to reduce their risk. In turn, these divergent communication phenomena will likely amplify geographic variation in and inequities with COVID-19 disease outcomes. The authors conclude with some suggestions for future research, particularly surrounding communication about health inequity and strategies for reducing partisan divergence in views of public health issues in the future.

How should healthcare services respond to the public health crisis of sexual harassment?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jasmine Walter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis

Jasmine Walter explains how healthcare services can best support survivors of sexual harassment and violence.

scholarly journals A Mixed Methods Study of Public Perception of Social Distancing: Integrating Qualitative and Computational Analyses for Text Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 155868982110208
Author(s):  
Pauline Ho ◽  
Kaiping Chen ◽  
Anqi Shao ◽  
Luye Bao ◽  
Angela Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Reported Health

In a rapidly changing public health crisis such as COVID-19, researchers need innovative approaches that can effectively link qualitative approaches and computational methods. In this article, computational and qualitative methods are used to analyze survey data collected in March 2020 ( n = 2,270) to explore the content of persuasive messages and their relationship with self-reported health behavior—that is, social distancing. Results suggest that persuasive messages, based on participants’ perspectives, vary by gender and race and are associated with self-reported health behavior. This article illustrates how qualitative analysis and structural topic modeling can be used in synergy in a public health study to understand the public’s perception and behavior related to science issues. Implications for health communication and future research are discussed.

Clinical Decision Support System for the Activity of Evidence based Computation

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Ali Кhusein ◽  
Urquhart A
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
Support System ◽  
Clinical Decision Support System ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based

The application of the Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) in the process of facilitating the activity of the evidence-centred treatment project effect enhances the quality of the healthcare services. The main purpose of this article is to define and illustrate the basis of the processes of the evidencecentred decision support tracking at the two thousand AMIA symposium spring. The analysis has been done on the basis of protocol issues when capturing the evidence-centred practices in machine interpretation and repositories for supporting and developing the CDSS for evidence-centred treatment. As a result, the research recommendations are based on five areas: capturing literature-centered and practice-centred evidence in the interpretation of machine knowledge and bases; creating maintainable methodological and technical elements for computer-centred decision support CDSS; assessing the medical costs and effects for clinical decision support system and the manner in which the systems affect the organizational best practices; disseminating and identifying the works based on work-flow sensitivity approach for the system and creating the public policy which will effectively provide the incentives meant to implement CDSS to enhance the quality of healthcare services. The paper is concluded with an assumption of evidence-based medicine aspect being strong. However, future research is still recommended in CDSS to potentially realize more defined benefits of the systems.

scholarly journals Why don’t illiterate women in rural, Northern Tanzania, access maternal healthcare?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dismas Matovelo ◽  
Pendo Ndaki ◽  
Victoria Yohani ◽  
Rose Laisser ◽  
Respicious Bakalemwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Maternal Healthcare ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Health Messaging

Abstract Background In 2017, roughly 540 women in Sub-Saharan Africa died every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. To stem this public-health crisis, the WHO recommends a standard continuity of maternal healthcare, yet most women do not receive this care. Surveys suggest that illiteracy limits the uptake of the recommended care, yet little is understood about why this is so. This gap in understanding why healthcare is not sought by illiterate women compromises the ability of public health experts and healthcare providers to provide culturally relevant policy and practice. This study consequently explores the lived experiences related to care-seeking by illiterate women of reproductive age in rural Tanzania to determine why they may not access maternal healthcare services. Methods An exploratory, qualitative study was conducted in four communities encompassing eight focus group discussions with 81 illiterate women, 13 in-depth interviews with illiterate women and seven key-informant interviews with members of these communities who have first-hand experience with the decisions made by women concerning maternal care. Interviews were conducted in the informant’s native language. The interviews were coded, then triangulated. Results Two themes emerged from the analysis: 1) a communication gap arising from a) the women’s inability to read public-health documents provided by health facilities, and b) healthcare providers speaking a language, Swahili, that these women do not understand, and 2) a dependency by these women on family and neighbors to negotiate these barriers. Notably, these women understood of the potential benefits of maternal healthcare. Conclusions These women knew they should receive maternal healthcare but could neither read the public-health messaging provided by the clinics nor understand the language of the healthcare providers. More health needs of this group could be met by developing a protocol for healthcare providers to determine who is illiterate, providing translation services for those unable to speak Swahili, and graphic public health messaging that does not require literacy. A failure to address the needs of this at-risk group will likely mean that they will continue to experience barriers to obtaining maternal care with detrimental health outcomes for both mothers and newborns.

scholarly journals Changes in Digital Communication During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Implications for Digital Inequality and Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512094825
Author(s):  
Minh Hao Nguyen ◽  
Jonathan Gruber ◽  
Jaelle Fuchs ◽  
Will Marler ◽  
Amanda Hunsaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis

Governments and public health institutions across the globe have set social distancing and stay-at-home guidelines to battle the COVID-19 pandemic. With reduced opportunities to spend time together in person come new challenges to remain socially connected. This essay addresses how the pandemic has changed people’s use of digital communication methods, and how inequalities in the use of these methods may arise. We draw on data collected from 1,374 American adults between 4 and 8 April 2020, about two weeks after lockdown measures were introduced in various parts of the United States. We first address whether people changed their digital media use to reach out to friends and family, looking into voice calls, video calls, text messaging, social media, and online games. Then, we show how age, gender, living alone, concerns about Internet access, and Internet skills relate to changes in social contact during the pandemic. We discuss how the use of digital media for social connection during a global public health crisis may be unequally distributed among citizens and may continue to shape inequalities even after the pandemic is over. Such insights are important considering the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s social wellbeing. We also discuss how changes in digital media use might outlast the pandemic, and what this means for future communication and media research.

Action, Not Rhetoric, Needed to Reverse the Opioid Overdose Epidemic

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (S1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Davis ◽  
Traci Green ◽  
Leo Beletsky
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Promising Practices ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Problematic Drug

Despite shifts in rhetoric and some positive movement, Americans with the disease of addiction are still often stigmatized, criminalized, and denied access to evidencebased care. Dramatically reducing the number of lives unnecessarily lost to overdose requires an evidence-based, equity-focused, well-funded, and coordinated response. We present in this brief article evidence-based and promising practices for improving and refocusing the response to this simmering public health crisis. Topics covered include improving clinical decision-making, improving access to non-judgmental evidence-based treatment, investing in comprehensive public health approaches to problematic drug use, and changing the way law enforcement actors interact with people who use drugs.

scholarly journals Architecture, urbanism and health in a post-pandemic virtual world

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Maturana ◽  
Ashraf M. Salama ◽  
Anthony McInneny
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Architectural Research

PurposeThe highly contagious coronavirus and the rapid spread of COVID-19 disease have generated a global public health crisis. Crises are being addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines, emerging working and living patterns and the utilisation of technology to partially replace physical learning environments. The purpose of this article is to capture the key messages of the contributions published in this special edition of Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, Volume 15, Issue 1, March 2021. Reviewing more than 70 submissions, 15 articles have been identified that are contributed by 35 scholars, educators and practitioners from 12 countries. The article calls for the need to embed trans-disciplinarity in current and future built environment research.Design/methodology/approachDriven by the fact that architecture, urban design and planning and built environment studies interact and have direct correlation with public health and virus spread. The approach to develop and present the key messages of the contributions is premised on three areas: (a) the pandemic condition as it relates to the built environment, (b) analytical reflections on the emerging themes and (c) the diversity and complexity embedded in these themes.FindingsWhile some contributions speak to the particularities of their contexts, others address regional or global parameters. The enquiry into architectural research, architectural education and architectural design indicates some of the important methods and tools to address the accelerated adoption, adaption and redesign needed to create a new and better normal which embeds flexibility, adaptability and continuous learning. The papers represent brilliant investiture to address the momentous insinuations the COVID-19 condition has on the built environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe diversity of implications reveals potential alternative futures for urbanity and society and the associated education and practice of future built environment professions. While the contributions invite us to critically envisage possibilities for future research and collective action, critical fast-track empirical research is needed to address how health is an integral component in the production of architecture and urban environments.Originality/valueThe diversity, complexity, depth and breadth of the contribution convey important insights on people, health and the spatial environments that accommodate both. Trans-disciplinarity, as it relates to research and action and to the production of urban environments, is viewed as a form of learning involving co-operation among different parts of society, professionals and academia in order to meet complex challenges of society such this pandemic condition. This approach has enabled the identification of three future research areas in architecture urbanism that include implications of virus spread on urban environments, how spatial and social distancing measures and protocols are altering our understanding of spatial design.

scholarly journals Coronavirus questions that will not go away: interrogating urban and socio-spatial implications of COVID-19 measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Urban Dynamics

The highly contagious coronavirus and the rapid spread of COVID-19 disease have generated a global public health crisis, which is being addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines. This is coupled with debates about the nature of living and working patterns through intensive utilisation of information and telecommunication technologies, leading to the social and institutional acceptability of these patterns as the ‘new normal.’  The primary objective of this article is to instigate a discourse about the potential contribution of architecture and urban design and planning in generating knowledge that responds to pressing questions about future considerations of post pandemic architecture and urbanism. Methodologically, the discussion is based on a trans-disciplinary framework, which is utilised for conceptual analysis and is operationalized by identifying and discoursing design and planning implications. The article underscores relevant factors; originates insights for areas where future research will be critically needed, through key areas: a) Issues related to urban dynamics are delineated from the perspective of urban and human geography, urban design and planning, and transportation engineering; b) Questions that pertain to socio-spatial implications and urban space/ urban life dialectics stem from the field of environmental psychology; and c) Deliberations about new environments that accommodate new living/working styles supervene from ethnographical and anthropological perspectives.  The article concludes with an outlook that captures key aspects of the needed synergy between architectural and urban education, research, and practice and public health in a post pandemic virtual and global world.

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