Strategies for Upskilling in Data Science After the COVID 19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Guru K. ◽  
Umadevi A.
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Public Datasets

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, as a pandemic in March 2020. More than 2.8 million people tested positive at the time of publication. Infections are exponentially increasing, and immense attempts are being made to tackle the epidemic. In this chapter, the authors aim to systematize data science works and evaluate the fast-growing community of recent studies. They also analyze public datasets and repositories that can be used to map COVID-19 dissemination and mitigation strategies. As part of that, they suggest a library review of the papers produced in this short period of time. Finally, they emphasize typical issues and pitfalls found in the surveyed works on the basis of these observations. Data science, narrowly established, will play a critical role in the global COVID-19 pandemic response. This chapter addresses the implications of data science for policymakers and strategists and allows them to resolve the threats, possibilities, and pitfalls inherent in using data science for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Leveraging Data Science To Combat COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddique Latif ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Sanaullah Manzoor ◽  
Waleed Iqbal ◽  
Junaid Qadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Science Activities

<div>COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020. At the time of writing, more than 2.8 million people have tested positive. Infections have been growing exponentially and tremendous efforts are being made to fight the disease. In this paper, we attempt to systematise ongoing data science activities in this area. As well as reviewing the rapidly growing body of recent research, we survey public datasets and repositories that can be used for further work to track COVID-19 spread and mitigation strategies.</div><div>As part of this, we present a bibliometric analysis of the papers produced in this short span of time. Finally, building on these insights, we highlight common challenges and pitfalls observed across the surveyed works.</div>

scholarly journals Leveraging Data Science To Combat COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddique Latif ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Sanaullah Manzoor ◽  
Waleed Iqbal ◽  
Junaid Qadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Science Activities

<div>COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020. At the time of writing, more than 2.8 million people have tested positive. Infections have been growing exponentially and tremendous efforts are being made to fight the disease. In this paper, we attempt to systematise ongoing data science activities in this area. As well as reviewing the rapidly growing body of recent research, we survey public datasets and repositories that can be used for further work to track COVID-19 spread and mitigation strategies.</div><div>As part of this, we present a bibliometric analysis of the papers produced in this short span of time. Finally, building on these insights, we highlight common challenges and pitfalls observed across the surveyed works.</div>

scholarly journals Leveraging Data Science To Combat COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddique Latif ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Sanaullah Manzoor ◽  
Waleed Iqbal ◽  
Junaid Qadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Science Activities

<div>COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020. At the time of writing, more than 2.8 million people have tested positive. Infections have been growing exponentially and tremendous efforts are being made to fight the disease. In this paper, we attempt to systematise ongoing data science activities in this area. As well as reviewing the rapidly growing body of recent research, we survey public datasets and repositories that can be used for further work to track COVID-19 spread and mitigation strategies.</div><div>As part of this, we present a bibliometric analysis of the papers produced in this short span of time. Finally, building on these insights, we highlight common challenges and pitfalls observed across the surveyed works.</div>

scholarly journals Fighting Strategies Against the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: Impact on Global Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bapi Gorain ◽  
Hira Choudhury ◽  
Nagashekhara Molugulu ◽  
Rajani B. Athawale ◽  
Prashant Kesharwani
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Sudden outbreak of a new pathogen in numbers of pneumonic patients in Wuhan province during December 2019 has threatened the world population within a short period of its occurrence. This respiratory tract–isolated pathogen was initially named as novel coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019), but later termed as SARS-CoV-2. The rapid spreading of this infectious disease received the label of pandemic by the World Health Organization within 4 months of its occurrence, which still seeks continuous attention of the researchers to prevent the spread and for cure of the infected patients. The propagation of the disease has been recorded in 215 countries, with more than 25.5 million cases and a death toll of more than 0.85 million. Several measures are taken to control the disease transmission, and researchers are actively engaged in finding suitable therapeutics to effectively control the disease to minimize the mortality and morbidity rates. Several existing potential candidates were explored in the prevention and treatment of worsening condition of COVID-19 patients; however, none of the formulation has been approved for the treatment but used under medical supervision. In this article, a focus has been made to highlight on current epidemiology on the COVID-19 infection, clinical features, diagnosis, and transmission, with special emphasis on treatment measures of the disease at different stages of clinical research and the global economic influence due to this pandemic situation. Progress in the development on vaccine against COVID-19 has also been explored as important measures to immunize people. Moreover, this article is expected to provide information to the researchers, who are constantly combating in the management against this outbreak.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Japanese Tourism Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kitamura ◽  
Selim Karkour ◽  
Yuki Ichisugi ◽  
Norihiro Itsubo
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Health Organization

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) annual Emissions Gap Report 2019, further reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are needed to reduce climate change impacts. In Japan, the 2030 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) target is an emissions reduction of 26% compared to 2013. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has led to 43,341,451 confirmed cases and 1,157,509 confirmed deaths globally and affected 218 countries (as of 27 October 2020). In Japan, as of the same date, 96,948 infectious cases and 1724 deaths related to the new coronavirus had been recorded. These numbers continue to increase. In Japan, in March 2020, the number of international tourist arrivals decreased by about 93% compared to last year at the same period. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) reported several significant scenarios for the tourism industry. COVID-19 is the greatest shock to international tourism since 1950 and represents an abrupt end to the 10-year period of sustained growth that followed the 2009 financial crisis. It was thought that it would be possible to analyze the economic, environmental, and social impacts of rapid social changes. Thus, this study estimates changes in Japan’s tourist consumption, the carbon footprint (CFP), and employment due to the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The calculations in this study adopt a lifecycle approach using input–output tables. Based on these observations, this study uses four scenarios (SR 1, no recovery until December; SR 2, recovery from October; SR 3, recovery from July or September; and SR 0, same growth rate as 2018–2019) for Japan to calculate the CFP and employment change using input–output table analysis based on tourist consumption, which is a tourism metric. According to our results (2019 vs. SR 1 and 3), the consumption loss is between 20,540 billion yen (−65.1%) and 12,704 billion yen (−39.1%), the CFP reduction is between 89,488 Mt-CO2eq (−64.2%) and 54,030 Mt-CO2eq (−37.5%), and the employment loss is between 2,677,000 people (−64.2%) and 1,678,000 people (−37.5%). As of November 2020, the tourism industry continues to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the post-COVID-19 society, it will be necessary to maintain the GHG emissions reductions achieved in this short period and realize economic recovery. This recovery must also be sustainable for tourism stakeholders and society.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Controlling Urban Mosquito-Borne Diseases in a Changing Urban Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ligsay ◽  
Olivier Telle ◽  
Richard Paul
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Organization

Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world&rsquo;s population by 2050 and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities&rsquo; surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of such vector-borne diseases. Many of the major mosquito-borne diseases are urban and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Mitigation strategies beneficial for one sector may, however, be detrimental for another. Implementation of inter-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labour and health) do exist and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among inter-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.

scholarly journals Subunit Vaccine Against Sars-Cov-2 Using CTL and HTL Epitopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila zahra ◽  
Yaser Daanial Khan
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Th Cells ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 which is widely known as Sars-Cov-2 is a deadly virus that is the main cause of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). This plague affects the human immune system badly and adversely affects the human body. This disease emerged from Wuhan, China, and spread all over the world in a very short period. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned the world about its dire consequences and directed all the countries to take strict precautionary measures and still, there are lots of things that need to be done. This study focuses on the in silico methods which use immunoinformatic approaches to build epitope-based subunit vaccine for SARS-COV-2 that is used to produce several positive immune responses within the host cell. Various B-cells, Tc cells, and Th cells containing different epitopes are considered for the inhibition of spike of SARS-COV-2. By following different approaches, eventually, the structure of the proposed vaccine consists of Tc, Th cells, and B-cells joined by different linkers was designed. Currently having B-cell as well as IFN-y made epitopes confirm the humoral and cell-mediated immune response developed by the proposed vaccine. An online server, PSIPRED is used to develop the model of vaccine. 15 antigenic epitopes were chosen from Spike protein to develop an effective vaccine. This vaccine was antiviral, non?allergic, and less toxic. The sequence of vaccine structure was then validated by different computational methods like Molecular Docking, RMSD, RMSF, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Java Codon adaption tool also known as JCat is used for maximal optimization of vaccine expression with vector.<br>

scholarly journals The world's view of the Corona pandemic and the way to deal with it: نظرة العالم إلى جائحة كورونا وأسلوب التّعامل معها

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amara Saad Chandoul, Widad Ali Zughir
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into

In this paper, the researcher stresses that the crisis of Corona, which the world has gone through and is still primarily a crisis of awareness in providing priorities. This predicts the emergence of serious economic and social problems that may afflict existing societies and systems, or arrange them in a worse way, as the foundations of justice in the world are broken. The researcher notes that the world around the pandemic is divided into three parts : The first part, whoever claims to be a true pandemic is a caution, and they are in two directions : The first one is for whoever thinks that the pandemic is natural and requires cooperation in finding a solution and complying with the provisions of the World Health Organization. The second concern whoever goes on to say that the pandemic is an effective act, and he has all the information about it and has to disclose and stop spreading it to protect humanity. The second part cover people who deny the seriousness of the pandemic and that it is just a conspiracy in preparation for the adoption of a new political system that rules the world, increases the servitude of the people and oppresses the poor, and they are in two directions: The first one, concern people who deny the existence of such a virus in the first place. The second, includes who acknowledges his existence and excludes his danger. The third part, is the part of persons holding that the existence of a pandemic or does not matter as much as it matters how to deal with it and with similar counterparts that are not literally dangerous to it, and the originality of their duty is to seek the assistance of the qualified and specialized, to provide the most important on the important and to present alternatives that prove sustainability as possible and possible. This is because the boasting of building hospitals in a short period was not accompanied by building laboratories to eradicate such a scourge and others that we live in and may be experienced by humanity in the future. The research concluded that it is necessary to not look into the existence or absence of the pandemic, but rather to look at how to deal with it and overcome it and its counterparts, without stopping people's lives or political exploitation of the crisis. It deals also to be careful in order that fear does not dominate us at the point of illusion, and to look with insight into what can carry conspiracy. The researcher adopted the inductive approach, by tracking people's opinions about COVID-19. The research also dealt with the descriptive approach, in presenting these opinions, in analyzing and clarifying their evidence, clarifying what is in, and discussing it.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Reusing Surgical Mask Under Different Disinfection Treatments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Yan SUEN ◽  
Hong Hang LEUNG ◽  
Ka Wo LAM ◽  
Karen P HUNG ◽  
Mei Yan CHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Mask Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The possibility to extend the lifespan or even reuse one-off personal protective equipment, especially for N95 respirator and surgical mask become critical during pandemic. World Health Organization has confirmed that wearing surgical mask is effective in controlling the spread of respiratory diseases in the community, but the supply may not be able to satisfy all the demands created all over the world in a short period of time. This investigation found that dry heat and UVC irradiance could effectively disinfect the mask material without creating significant damage to surgical mask.

scholarly journals Timeline of SARS-CoV-2 Spread in Italy: Results from an Independent Serological Retesting

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Emanuele Montomoli ◽  
Giovanni Apolone ◽  
Alessandro Manenti ◽  
Mattia Boeri ◽  
Paola Suatoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Igg Binding ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Control Samples

The massive emergence of COVID-19 cases in the first phase of pandemic within an extremely short period of time suggest that an undetected earlier circulation of SARS-CoV-2 might have occurred. Given the importance of this evidence, an independent evaluation was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to test a subset of samples selected on the level of positivity in ELISA assays (positive, low positive, negative) detected in our previous study of prepandemic samples collected in Italy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were blindly retested by two independent centers in 29 blood samples collected in the prepandemic period in Italy, 29 samples collected one year before and 11 COVID-19 control samples. The methodologies used included IgG-RBD/IgM-RBD ELISA assays, a qualitative micro-neutralization CPE-based assay, a multiplex IgG protein array, an ELISA IgM kit (Wantai), and a plaque-reduction neutralization test. The results suggest the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in some samples collected in the prepandemic period, with the oldest samples found to be positive for IgM by both laboratories collected on 10 October 2019 (Lombardy), 11 November 2019 (Lombardy) and 5 February 2020 (Lazio), the latter with neutralizing antibodies. The detection of IgM and/or IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies was strongly dependent on the different serological assays and thresholds employed, and they were not detected in control samples collected one year before. These findings, although gathered in a small and selected set of samples, highlight the importance of harmonizing serological assays for testing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and may contribute to a better understanding of future virus dynamics.

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