From Sketches and Installations to Bioinspired 5D Printing Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 365-387
Author(s):  
Silvia Titotto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Impact

This chapter opens up discussions upon the relevance of interaction of representations and data visualization modes for smart cities design, planning, and development that occur beyond paper and computer drawing. Although many practitioners usually relate smart cities and digital twins design exclusively to CAD/CAM/CAE and BIM methods, processes, and tools, a wider pool of techniques and forms of expression might be the key to a more accurate and comprehensive way of simulating the several kinds of alterations that happen in the planned built environment. The chapter deals with the study of concepts that relate to both physical and virtual prototyping, which underlines an interdisciplinary approach to design and the impact of integrating biologically inspired principles from different backgrounds to the field of smart cities design. In this regard, biomimetics and additive manufacturing may play key roles in smart city's modeling design and the frontier technology of 5D printing reveals real-time decision-making programmable 4D printing process as a potential future development.

scholarly journals Urban scale digital twins in data-driven society: Challenging digital universalism in urban planning decision-making

2022 ◽  
pp. 147807712110700
Author(s):  
Marianna Charitonidou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the impact of the virtual public sphere on how urban spaces are experienced and conceived in our data-driven society. It places particular emphasis on urban scale digital twins, which are virtual replicas of cities that are used to simulate environments and develop scenarios in response to policy problems. The article also investigates the shift from the technical to the socio-technical perspective within the field of smart cities. Despite the aspirations of urban scale digital twins to enhance the participation of citizens in the decision-making processes relayed to urban planning strategies, the fact that they are based on a limited set of variables and processes makes them problematic. The article aims to shed light on the tension between the real and the ideal at stake during this process of abstracting sets of variables and processes in the case of urban scale digital twins.

EEB Project System Integration and Technology Sperimentation Matrix

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-218
Author(s):  
Francesca Maria Ugliotti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Urban Modelling ◽  
Iot Devices

Today an increasing number of cities are equipping themselves with three-dimensional urban modelling and simulation platforms for energy management to integrate both spatial and semantic data for enabling better decision-making. The work presented in this chapter is the result of the study carried out by Politecnico di Torino within the Energy Efficient Buildings (EEB) project. Collected data on urban and building scale are managed in specialized, independent, and heterogeneous domains such as GIS, BIM, and IoT devices for energy and electrical monitoring. Possible relationships among these datasets in the perspective of system integration have been carried out according to a rich matrix of experimentations. Specific tools, including innovative visualization technologies and web services, are put in place to allow final users to benefit from this data. The infrastructure is intended to establish a common interoperable ground among heterogeneous networks to achieve the goal of smart cities digital twins.

scholarly journals Integration of Simulation Driven DfAM and LCC Analysis for Decision Making in L-PBF

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Patricia Nyamekye ◽  
Anna Unt ◽  
Antti Salminen ◽  
Heidi Piili
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
The Impact

Laser based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is used to manufacture parts layer by layer with the energy of laser beam. The use of L-PBF for building functional parts originates from the design freedom, flexibility, customizability, and energy efficiency of products applied in dynamic application fields such as aerospace and automotive. There are challenges and drawbacks that need to be defined and overcome before its adaptation next to rivaling traditional manufacturing methods. Factors such as high cost of L-PBF machines, metal powder, post-preprocessing, and low productivity may deter its acceptance as a mainstream manufacturing technique. Understanding the key cost drivers of L-PBF that influence productivity throughout the whole lifespan of products will facilitate the decision-making process. Functional and operational decisions can yield profitability and increase competitiveness among advanced manufacturing sectors. Identifying the relationships between the phases of the life cycle of products influences cost-effectiveness. The aim of the study is to investigate the life cycle cost (LCC) and the impact of design to it in additive manufacturing (AM) with L-PBF. The article provides a review of simulation driven design for additive manufacturing (simulation driven DfAM) and LCC for metallic L-PBF processes and examines the state of the art to outline the merits, demerits, design rules, and life cycle models of L-PBF. Practical case studies of L-PBF are discussed and analysis of the interrelating factors of the different life phases are presented. This study shows that simulation driven DfAM in the design phase increases the productivity throughout the whole production and life span of L-PBF parts. The LCC model covers the whole holistic lifecycle engineering of products and offers guidelines for decision making.

scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities for Smart Decision-Making: A Social Innovation Perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Syed Asad A. Bokhari ◽  
Seunghwan Myeong
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect relationships that exist between artificial intelligence (AI), social innovation (SI), and smart decision-making (SDM). This study used a survey design and collected cross-sectional data from South Korea and Pakistan using survey questionnaires. Four hundred sixty respondents from the public and private sectors were obtained and empirically analyzed using SPSS multiple regression. The study discovered a strong and positive mediating effect of SI between the relationship of AI and SDM, as predicted. Previous researchers have investigated some of the factors that influence the decision-making process. This study adds to the social science literature by examining the impact of a mediating factor on decision-making. The findings of this study will contribute to the local government in building smart cities such that the factor of social innovations should be involved in the decision-making process because smart decision-making would share such collected data with entrepreneurs, businesses, and industries and would benefit society and all relevant stakeholders, including such social innovators.

scholarly journals Smart city based on digital twins

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Deren ◽  
Yu Wenbo ◽  
Shao Zhenfeng
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
City Construction ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDigital twins are considered to be a new starting point for today’s smart city construction. This paper defines the concepts of digital twins and digital twin cities, discusses the relationship between digital twins and smart cities, analyzes the characteristics of smart cities based on digital twins, and focuses on the five main applications of smart cities based on digital twins. Finally, we discuss the future development of smart cities based on digital twins.

scholarly journals An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Approach for Smart City Development Evaluation for Developing Countries: Moroccan Context

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 2668
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hanine ◽  
Omar Boutkhoum ◽  
Fatima El Barakaz ◽  
Mohamed Lachgar ◽  
Noureddine Assad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
City Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
The Impact

Rapid urbanization to meet the needs of the growing population has led to several challenges such as pollution, increased and congested traffic, poor sustainability, and impact on the ecological environment. The conception of smart cities comprising intelligent convergence systems has been regarded as a potential solution to overcome these problems. Based on the information, communications, and technology (ICT), the idea of a smart city has emerged to decrease the impact of rapid urbanization. In this context, important efforts have been made for making cities smarter and more sustainable. However, the challenges associated with the implementation and evaluation of smart cities in developing countries are not examined appropriately, particularly in the Moroccan context. To analyze the efficacy and success of such efforts, the evaluation and comparisons using common frameworks are significantly important. For this purpose, the present research aims to investigate and evaluate the most influential dimensions and criteria for smart city development (SCD) in the Moroccan context. To reach this goal, this study proposes a new integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (IF-AHP) and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (IF-DEMATEL). In the given context, the IF-AHP is employed to analyze the structure of the problem and calculate the weights of the qualitative and quantitative dimensions/criteria by incorporating the uncertainty values provided by the experts. Later, IF-DEMATEL is used to construct the structural correlation of dimensions/criteria in MCDM. The use of intuitionistic fuzzy set theory helps in dealing with the linguistic imprecision and the ambiguity of experts’ judgment. Results reveal that ‘Smart Living and Governance’ and ‘Smart Economy’ are major dimensions impacting the SCD in the Moroccan context. The proposed model focuses on enhancing the understanding of different dimensions/criteria and situations in smart cities compared to traditional cities and elevates their decision-making capability. Moreover, the results are discussed, as are the managerial implications, conclusions, limitations, and potential opportunities.

The impact of a digital solution on case discussion time at tumor boards.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18028-e18028
Author(s):  
Donna Fowler ◽  
Lincoln R Sheets ◽  
Matthew S Prime ◽  
Athanasios Siadimas ◽  
Yariv Z Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Tumor Board ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Discussion ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Tumor Boards ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Case Discussions ◽  
The Impact

e18028 Background: A multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) provides an interdisciplinary approach for decision-making in cancer care. Information factors such as, multiple data sources, incomplete or missing information and teleconferencing failures, have been identified as issues contributing to variability in MTB conduction and impact. Little is known about how digital tumor board solutions can optimize MTB meeting conduction. Methods: A prospective IRB approved cohort study was undertaken to evaluate the time for patient case discussions,before and after the implementation of the NAVIFY Tumor Board (NTB) solution, at University of Missouri Health Care. Data was collected using a digital time-tracking application. The NTB manual version was implemented via a phased roll-out (Breast May 18, 2018; Gastrointestinal (GI) Jul 11, 2018; ENT Oct 30, 2018 – no manual version phase). Subsequently, the integrated version was introduced (Oct 4, 2018) whereby automated electronic medical record (EMR) data extraction was enabled. Results: Patient case discussion time was recorded at 138 MTBs (1109 patient cases) during 2018 (Breast 40 MTB; 236cases / GI 49 MTB; 389 cases / ENT 49 MTBs; 484 cases). Case discussion time significantly reduced at the Breast MTB (6.6mins to 5.3 mins; p-value = 0.01). Case discussion time at ENT MTB and GI MTB showed no significant change (Table 1). Time variance in case discussions significantly decreased post-NTB implementation at the Breast MTB (p-value = 0.008). For the GI & ENT MTBs, there was no significant difference post-NTB implementation (GI p-value =0.199; ENT p-value = 0.511), however, variance was already sma Conclusions: Introduction of the NTB reduced the time spent discussing cases for the Breast MTB, but showed no change forGI MTB and ENT MTB. Interestingly, case discussion times converged to between 5.5 - 6.5 minutesirrespective of the MTB type. Furthermore, variance decreased or was already small, for all MTB types. Both observations suggest that NTB standardized the case discussion process, perhaps because it created a common format for case presentation. A common workflow tool for MTB meeting conduction could ensure availability of all required data, increase efficiency of therapy decision-making, and lead to higher throughput of cases resulting in shorter time-to-treatment.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

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