Nanoemulsion-Based Antiviral Drug Therapy

2022 ◽  
pp. 194-212
Author(s):  
Halima M. ◽  
Ihsana Banu Ishthiaq ◽  
Sneha Unnikrishnan ◽  
Karthikeyan Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
High Variability ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Strong Antiviral Activity ◽  
Animation System

Nanoemulsions are an attractive approach for the delivery of antiviral drugs in the treatment of various viral infections. Nanoemulsions are easy to plan and develop, and their components exhibit high variability. Nanoemulsion system and its components have certain biophysical properties which could increase the efficacy of drug therapy. Pulmonary surfactant (PS)-assisted antiviral drug delivery by nanoemulsion system could be another effective approach for the treatment of COVID-19. Antiviral drug delivery of nebulization using an animation system could increase the efficacy of antiviral drug against COVID-19. Ginkgo biloba polyprenol nanoemulsion was also found to be stable, non-toxic, and had strong antiviral activity against influenza A H3N2 and hepatitis B virus in vitro. Nanoemulsion systems possess certain properties that make their system suitable for drug delivery by mobilization and hence would be promising systems for therapeutics in the future.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials Designed for Antiviral Drug Delivery Transport across Biological Barriers

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina-Daniela Cojocaru ◽  
Doru Botezat ◽  
Ioannis Gardikiotis ◽  
Cristina-Mariana Uritu ◽  
Gianina Dodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Viral infections are a major global health problem, representing a significant cause of mortality with an unfavorable continuously amplified socio-economic impact. The increased drug resistance and constant viral replication have been the trigger for important studies regarding the use of nanotechnology in antiviral therapies. Nanomaterials offer unique physico-chemical properties that have linked benefits for drug delivery as ideal tools for viral treatment. Currently, different types of nanomaterials namely nanoparticles, liposomes, nanospheres, nanogels, nanosuspensions and nanoemulsions were studied either in vitro or in vivo for drug delivery of antiviral agents with prospects to be translated in clinical practice. This review highlights the drug delivery nanosystems incorporating the major antiviral classes and their transport across specific barriers at cellular and intracellular level. Important reflections on nanomedicines currently approved or undergoing investigations for the treatment of viral infections are also discussed. Finally, the authors present an overview on the requirements for the design of antiviral nanotherapeutics.

Possible benefits of reformulating antiviral drugs with nanoemulsion system in the treatment of novel coronavirus infection

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Chandra Prakash Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Antiviral Action ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection or COVID 19, causing serious threats to all around the world. Until an effective and safe vaccine for novel coronavirus is developed by scientists, current drug therapy should by optimize for the control and treatment of COVID 19. Objective: In this manuscript, we are presenting a perspective on possible benefits of reformulating antiviral drug dosage form with nanoemulsion system against novel coronavirus infection. Methods: Literature review has been done on COVID 19, treatment strategies, novel drug delivery systems and role of pulmonary surfactant on lungs protection. Results: Nanoemulsion system and its components have certain biophysical properties which could increase the efficacy of drug therapy. Antiviral drugs, delivered through a nanoemulsion system containing P-gp inhibitor (surfactant and cosolvent), can inhibit the cellular resistance to drugs and would potentiate the antiviral action of drugs. Pulmonary surfactant (PS) assisted antiviral drug delivery by nanoemulsion system could be another effective approach for the treatment of COVID 19. Use of functional excipients like pulmonary surfactant (PS) and surfactant proteins (SPs), in the formulation of the antiviral drug-loaded nanoemulsion system can improve the treatment of coronavirus infection. Conclusion: In our opinion for synergizing antiviral action, lipid and protein portion of PS and their commercial analogs should be explored by pharmaceutical scientists to use them as a functional excipient in the formulation of antiviral drugloaded nanoemulsion system.

scholarly journals Amantadine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Klaus Fink ◽  
Andreas Nitsche ◽  
Markus Neumann ◽  
Marica Grossegesse ◽  
Karl-Heinz Eisele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic started in late 2019, the search for protective vaccines and for drug treatments has become mandatory to fight the global health emergency. Travel restrictions, social distancing, and face masks are suitable counter measures, but may not bring the pandemic under control because people will inadvertently or at a certain degree of restriction severity or duration become incompliant with the regulations. Even if vaccines are approved, the need for antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 will persist. However, unequivocal evidence for efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 has not been demonstrated for any of the repurposed antiviral drugs so far. Amantadine was approved as an antiviral drug against influenza A, and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 has been reasoned by analogy but without data. We tested the efficacy of amantadine in vitro in Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, amantadine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in two separate experiments with IC50 concentrations between 83 and 119 µM. Although these IC50 concentrations are above therapeutic amantadine levels after systemic administration, topical administration by inhalation or intranasal instillation may result in sufficient amantadine concentration in the airway epithelium without high systemic exposure. However, further studies in other models are needed to prove this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Identification of novel antiviral drug combinations in vitro and tracking their development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ianevski ◽  
Rouan Yao ◽  
Svetlana Biza ◽  
Eva Zusinaite ◽  
Andres Männik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Investigational Drug ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

AbstractCombination therapies have become a standard for the treatment for HIV and HCV infections. They are advantageous over monotherapies due to better efficacy and reduced toxicity, as well as the ability to prevent the development of resistant viral strains and to treat viral co-infections. Here, we identify several new synergistic combinations against emerging and re-emerging viral infections in vitro. We observed synergistic activity of nelfinavir with investigational drug EIDD-2801 and convalescent serum against SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells. We also demonstrated synergistic activity of vemurafenib combination with emetine, homoharringtonine, gemcitabine, or obatoclax against echovirus 1 infection in human lung epithelial A549 cells. We also found that combinations of sofosbuvir with brequinar and niclosamide were synergistic against HCV infection in hepatocyte derived Huh-7.5 cells, whereas combinations of monensin with lamivudine and tenofovir were synergistic against HIV-1 infection in human cervical TZM-bl cells. Finally, we present an online resource that summarizes novel and known antiviral drug combinations and their developmental status. Overall, the development of combinational therapies could have a global impact improving the preparedness and protection of the general population from emerging and re-emerging viral threats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of ARVI treatment regimen including etiotropic (enisamium iodide) and symptomatic treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
D. A. Lioznov ◽  
E. J. Karnaukhova ◽  
T. G. Zubkova ◽  
E. V. Shakhlanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the use of the antiviral drug enisamium iodide in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) caused by various pathogens in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods. А prospective randomized study included 134 patients who were treated in the epidemic season of influenza and ARVI in 20182019. All patients were examined for the presence of influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses in nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR. Patients of the main group received enisamium iodide along with symptomatic therapy, the control group received only symptomatic therapy. The primary parameter of the effectiveness of therapy was evaluated on the scale of the general severity of the manifestations of ARVI (Total Symptom Score TSS) from the 2nd to the 4th day and by the secondary criteria of effectiveness: assessment of the duration of ARVI, the severity of fever, the proportion of patients with normal body temperature, the duration of the main clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, the proportion of patients in whom complications requiring antibiotics were noted, the dynamics of interferon status on the 6th day. To conduct a statistical analysis, depending on the efficiency parameter, the ANCOVA method with a fixed group factor and an initial score on the TSS severity scale was used as covariates, a criterion for comparing quantitative indicators in two independent groups. Results. According to the results of the analysis of the primary efficacy parameter, the median (interquartile range) of the average score on the scale of the general severity of ARVI manifestations in the main group was 4.33 (3.675.83), in the comparison group 6.00 (4.677.25; p0.001). The duration of systemic and local manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections was statistically significantly less in the main group (p=0.002 and p=0.019, respectively). Prescription of additional therapy was required in 2 (2.9%) patients of the main group (patients taking enisamium iodide), compared with 8 (11.9%) patients in the control group. Serum levels of interferon  and interferon  on the last day of treatment were statistically significantly higher in patients of the main group compared with the control group (p0.001). Treatment (excellent) was evaluated by 42 (62.7%) patients, while in the control group only 17 (25.8%) patients gave similar ratings. Both patients (p0.001) and doctors (p0.002) rated therapy tolerance better in the study group. Conclusion. The results confirmed the safety and effectiveness of enisamium iodide as a treatment for ARVI and influenza. The antiviral, interferonogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug are involved in the formation of an antiviral response and reduce the risk of complications, which makes it possible to reduce the number of symptomatic agents used.

A Review on Application of Novel Solid Nanostructures in Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibollah Faraji ◽  
Reza Nedaeinia ◽  
Esmaeil Nourmohammadi ◽  
Bizan Malaekeh-Nikouei ◽  
Hamid Reza Sadeghnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Targeted Drug

Nanotechnology as a multidisciplinary and scientific innovation plays an important role in numerous biomedical applications, such as molecular imaging, biomarkers and biosensors and also drug delivery. A wide range of studies have been conducted on using of nanoparticles for early diagnosis and targeted drug therapy of various diseases. In fact, the small size, customized surface, upgraded solubility, or multi-functionality of nanoparticles enabled them to interact with complex cellular functions in new ways which opened many doors and created new biomedical applications. These studies demonstrated that nanotechnology vehicles can formulate biological products effectively, and this nano-formulated products with a potent ability against different diseases, were represented to have better biocompatibility, bioaccessibility and efficacy, under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

scholarly journals Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of Esculetin from Microsorium fortunei In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Xin Huang ◽  
Jun-Fei Mou ◽  
Qin Luo ◽  
Qing-Hu Mo ◽  
Xian-Li Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Duck Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus

Coumarins are widely present in a variety of plants and have a variety of pharmacological activities. In this study, we isolated a coumarin compound from Microsorium fortunei (Moore) Ching; the compound was identified as esculetin by hydrogen and carbon spectroscopy. Its anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma 2.2.15 cell line (HepG2.2.15) transfected with HBV, esculetin effecting inhibited the expression of the HBV antigens and HBV DNA in vitro. Esculetin inhibited the expression of Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein in a dose-dependent manner. In the ducklings infected with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), the levels of DHBV DNA, duck hepatitis B surface antigen (DHBsAg), duck hepatitis B e-antigen (DHBeAg), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased significantly after esculetin treatment. Summing up the above, the results suggest that esculetin efficiently inhibits HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo, which provides an opportunity for further development of esculetin as antiviral drug.

scholarly journals The Synthetic Antiviral Drug Arbidol Inhibits Globally Prevalent Pathogenic Viruses

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 3086-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve-Isabelle Pécheur ◽  
Viktoriya Borisevich ◽  
Peter Halfmann ◽  
John D. Morrey ◽  
Donald F. Smee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACTArbidol (ARB) is a synthetic antiviral originally developed to combat influenza viruses. ARB is currently used clinically in several countries but not in North America. We have previously shown that ARB inhibitsin vitrohepatitis C virus (HCV) by blocking HCV entry and replication. In this report, we expand the list of viruses that are inhibited by ARB and demonstrate that ARB suppressesin vitroinfection of mammalian cells with Ebola virus (EBOV), Tacaribe arenavirus, and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). We also confirm suppression of hepatitis B virus and poliovirus by ARB. ARB inhibited EBOV Zaire Kikwit infection when added before or at the same time as virus infection and was less effective when added 24 h after EBOV infection. Experiments with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the EBOV Zaire glycoprotein showed that infection was inhibited by ARB at early stages, most likely at the level of viral entry into host cells. ARB inhibited HHV-8 replication to a similar degree as cidofovir. Our data broaden the spectrum of antiviral efficacy of ARB to include globally prevalent viruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality.IMPORTANCEThere are many globally prevalent viruses for which there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral medicines. Some of these viruses, such as Ebola virus or members of the arenavirus family, rapidly cause severe hemorrhagic diseases that can be fatal. Other viruses, such as hepatitis B virus or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), establish persistent infections that cause chronic illnesses, including cancer. Thus, finding an affordable, effective, and safe drug that blocks many viruses remains an unmet medical need. The antiviral drug arbidol (ARB), already in clinical use in several countries as an anti-influenza treatment, has been previously shown to suppress the growth of many viruses. In this report, we expand the list of viruses that are blocked by ARB in a laboratory setting to include Ebola virus, Tacaribe arenavirus, and HHV-8, and we propose ARB as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that may be useful against hemorrhagic viruses.

scholarly journals Drug-encapsulated carbon (DECON): A novel platform for enhanced drug delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaax0780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejabhiram Yadavalli ◽  
Joshua Ames ◽  
Alex Agelidis ◽  
Rahul Suryawanshi ◽  
Dinesh Jaishankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Carbon Structures ◽  
Simplex Virus

Current drug-delivery systems are designed primarily for parenteral applications and are either lipid or polymer drug conjugates. In our quest to inhibit herpes simplex virus infection via the compounds found in commonly used cosmetic products, we found that activated carbon particles inhibit infection and, in addition, substantially improve topical delivery and, hence, the efficacy of a common antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV). Our in vitro studies demonstrate that highly porous carbon structures trapped virions, blocked infection and substantially improved efficacy when ACV was loaded onto them. Also, using murine models of corneal and genital herpes infections, we show that the topical use of drug-encapsulated carbon (DECON) reduced dosing frequency, shortened treatment duration, and exhibited higher therapeutic efficacy than currently approved topical or systemic antivirals alone. DECON is a nontoxic, cost-effective and nonimmunogenic alternative to current topical drug-delivery systems that is uniquely triggered for drug release by virus trapping.

scholarly journals In vitro antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of arbidol and structurally related derivatives in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected human keratinocytes (HaCat)

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1474-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunella Perfetto ◽  
Rosanna Filosa ◽  
Vincenza De Gregorio ◽  
Antonella Peduto ◽  
Annalisa La Gatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Simplex Virus

Arbidol (ARB) is an antiviral drug that has broad-spectrum activity against a number of viral infections. To date, there are no specific data regarding its effects against a herpesvirus. Here, the in vitro antiviral effect of ARB and structurally related derivatives were evaluated in HaCat cells on different steps of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication: adsorption, entry and post-entry. The simplified pyrrolidine analogue, 9a2, showed the best antiviral activity in vitro by reducing the plaque numbers by about 50 % instead of 42 % obtained with ARB at the same concentration. Furthermore, we have reported that all tested compounds evaluated for their immunomodulatory activity showed the ability to reduce the viral proteins VP16 and ICP27 and to modify the virus-induced cytokine expression, allowing the host cell a more efficient antiviral response.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document