scholarly journals The Effects of a Commitment Device on Health Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Manthri Savani
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Time Inconsistency ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Commitment Devices ◽  
Health Programmes ◽  
Commitment Device

This article tests the effectiveness of commitment devices on weight loss. It can be applied as a health ‘nudge' that locks in future behaviours to achieve a desired health outcome, by staking money or reputation on achieving that goal. A field experiment randomly assigned 364 clients of an online weight loss service to either a reputational commitment device or an upfront refund on the monthly fee. The reputational commitment intervention was expected to combat time inconsistency and promote greater weight loss. Weight outcomes were measured at 12 weeks. The results showed that all experimental groups lost weight on average, but the group experiencing the reputational commitment reported end weight outcomes 1.5 kg higher than the comparison group, indicating slower weight loss (± 0.05, effect size -0.32). One possible explanation for the findings is ‘commitment overload'. The study nuances the understanding of commitment devices and how best to deploy them in health programmes including e-heath platforms.

scholarly journals Emotional Eating and Weight Status in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Christine A. Limbers ◽  
Emma Summers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
English Language ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
The One

Background: Despite evidence that emotional eating is associated with weight gain in adults, less is known about this association in adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the association between emotional eating and weight status in adolescents. This study also sought to describe existing measures of emotional eating in adolescents and explore weight-loss interventions that assessed emotional eating in relation to weight status in this population. Methods: Two independent reviewers searched the database PubMed for published or in press peer-reviewed studies that assessed the association between emotional eating and weight status in adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Studies were excluded from this review if they were not written in the English language, did not include a measure of emotional eating, or were a dissertation study. Results: A total of 13 studies met full inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Of the six longitudinal studies in the review, only one found a prospective association between emotional eating and weight status. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was the most widely used measure of emotional eating in the systematic review (n = 6; 46.2%). The one intervention study included in this review found that baseline emotional eating was not associated with weight outcomes 2 years following gastric bypass surgery in obese Swedish adolescents (13–18 years). Conclusions: While there were some inconsistent findings across the studies included in this review, taken as a whole, the results largely do not support an association between emotional eating and elevated weight status or reduced weight loss in adolescents.

scholarly journals Edmonton Obesity Staging System Prevalence and Association with Weight Loss in a Publicly Funded Referral-Based Obesity Clinic

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karissa L. Canning ◽  
Ruth E. Brown ◽  
Sean Wharton ◽  
Arya M. Sharma ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Comorbidities ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Edmonton Obesity Staging System

Objectives. To determine the distribution of EOSS stages and differences in weight loss achieved according to EOSS stage, in patients attending a referral-based publically funded multisite weight management clinic.Subjects/Methods. 5,787 obese patients were categorized using EOSS staging using metabolic risk factors, medication use, and severity of doctor diagnosis of obesity-related physiological, functional, and psychological comorbidities from electronic patient files.Results. The prevalence of EOSS stages 0 (no risk factors or comorbidities), 1 (mild conditions), 2 (moderate conditions), and 3 (severe conditions) was 1.7%, 10.4%, 84.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. Prehypertension (63%), hypertension (76%), and knee replacement (33%) were the most common obesity-related comorbidities for stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the models including age, sex, initial BMI, EOSS stage, and treatment time, lower EOSS stage and longer treatment times were independently associated with greater absolute (kg) and percentage of weight loss relative to initial body weightP<0.05.Conclusions. Patients attending this publicly funded, referral-based weight management clinic were more likely to be classified in the higher stages of EOSS. Patients in higher EOSS stages required longer treatment times to achieve similar weight outcomes as those in lower EOSS stages.

Weight loss trajectories and related factors in a 16-week mobile obesity intervention: A retrospective observational study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Heon Kim ◽  
Young In Kim ◽  
Andreas Michaelides ◽  
Yu Rang Park
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Cluster 2

BACKGROUND In obesity management, whether patients lose 5% or more of their initial weight is a critical factor in their clinical outcome. However, evaluations that only take this approach cannot identify and distinguish between individuals whose weight change varies and those who steadily lose weight. Evaluation of weight loss considering the volatility of weight change through a mobile-based intervention for obesity can facilitate the understanding of individuals’ behavior and weight changes from a longitudinal perspective. OBJECTIVE With machine learning approach, we examined weight loss trajectories and explored the factors related to behavioral and app usage characteristics that induce weight loss. METHODS We used the lifelog data of 19,784 individuals who enrolled in a 16-week obesity management program on the healthcare app Noom in the US during August 8, 2013 to August 8, 2019. We performed K-means clustering with dynamic time warping to cluster the weight loss time series and inspected the quality of clusters with the total sum of distance within the clusters. To identify the usage factors to determine clustering assignment, we longitudinally compared weekly usage statistics with effect size on a weekly basis. RESULTS Initial Body Mass Index (BMI) of participants was 33.9±5.9 kg/m2, and ultimately reached an average BMI of 32.0±5.7 kg/m2. In their weight log, 5 Clusters were identified: Cluster 1 (sharp decrease) showed a high proportion of weight reduction class between 10% and 15%—the highest among the five clusters (n=2,364/12,796, 18.9%)—followed by Cluster 2 (moderate decrease), Cluster 3 (increase), Cluster 4 (yoyo), Cluster 5 (other). In comparison between cluster 2 and cluster 4, although the effect size of difference in the average meal input adherence and average weight input adherence did not show a significant difference in the first week, it increased continuously for 7 weeks (Cohen’s d=0.408; 0.38). CONCLUSIONS With machine learning approach clustering shape-based timeseries similarity, this study identified 5 weight loss trajectories in mobile weight management app. Overall adherence and early adherence related to self-monitoring emerged as a potential predictor of these trajectories.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a personalized health profile on specificity of self-management goals among people living with HIV in Canada: a protocol for a blinded pragmatic randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Maryam Mozafarinia ◽  
Fateme Rajabiyazdi ◽  
Marie-Josée Brouillette ◽  
Lesley Fellows ◽  
Bärbel Knäuper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Self Management ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Personalized Health ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Goal setting is a crucial element in self-management of chronic diseases. Personalized outcome feedback is needed for goal setting, a requirement for behavior change. This study contributes to the understanding of the specificity of patient-formulated self-management goals by testing the effectiveness of a personalized health outcome profile. Objective: To estimate among people living with HIV, to what extent providing feedback on their health outcomes, compared to no feedback, will affect number and specificity of patient-formulated self-management goals. Methods: A personalized health outcome profile has been produced for individuals enrolled in a Canadian HIV Brain Health Now cohort study at cohort entry and at the last recorded visit. Participants will be randomized to receive or not “My Personal Brain Health Dashboard” prior to a goal setting exercise. Self-defined goals in free text will be collected through an online platform. Intervention and control groups will receive instructions on goal setting and tips to improve brain health. A total of 420 participants are needed to detect a rate ratio (number of specific words/numbers of person-goals, intervention:control) of 1.5. Text mining techniques will be used to quantify goal specificity based on word matches with a goal-setting lexicon. The expectation is that the intervention group will set more goals and have more words matching the developed lexical than the control group. The total number of words per person-goals will be calculated for each group and Poisson regression will be used to estimate the rate ratio and 95% confidence intervals and compare rate ratios between men and women using an interaction term. Conclusions: This study will contribute to growing evidence for the value of person-reported health outcomes in tailoring interventions, and will provide a thorough understanding of the quality of person-defined goals using text mining. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT04175795, registered on 25th November 2019.

A meta-analysis of neonatal health outcomes from oocyte donation

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Adams ◽  
R. A. Clark ◽  
M. J. Davies ◽  
S. de Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oocyte Donation ◽  
Donor Oocyte ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Weight Outcomes

Donated oocytes are a treatment modality for female infertility which is also associated with increased risks of preeclampsia. Subsequently it is important to evaluate if there is concomitant increased risks for adverse neonatal events in donated oocyte neonates. A structured search of the literature using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Reviews was performed to investigate the perinatal health outcomes of offspring conceived from donor oocytes compared with autologous oocytes. Meta-analysis was performed on comparable outcomes data. Twenty-eight studies were eligible and included in the review, and of these, 23 were included in a meta-analysis. Donor oocyte neonates are at increased risk of being born with low birth weight (<2500 g) [risk ratio (RR): 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.22, P-value (P)<0.00001], very low birth weight (<1500 g) (RR: 1.24, CI: 1.15–1.35, P<0.00001), preterm (<37 weeks) (RR: 1.26, CI: 1.23–1.30, P<0.00001), of lower gestational age (mean difference −0.3 weeks, CI: −0.35 weeks to −0.25 weeks, P<0.00001), and preterm with low birth weight (RR: 1.24, CI: 1.19–1.29, P<0.00001), when compared with autologous oocyte neonates. Conversely, low birth weight outcomes were improved in term donor oocyte neonates (RR: 0.86, CI: 0.8–0.93, P=0.0003). These negative outcomes remained significant when controlling for multiple deliveries. The donor oocyte risk rates are higher than those found in general ART outcomes, are important considerations for the counselling of infertile patients and may also influence the long term health of the offspring.

scholarly journals Associations between the proportion of fat-free mass loss during weight loss, changes in appetite, and subsequent weight change: results from a randomized 2-stage dietary intervention trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Turicchi ◽  
Ruairi O'Driscoll ◽  
Graham Finlayson ◽  
Cristiana Duarte ◽  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Intervention Trial

ABSTRACT Background Dynamic changes in body composition which occur during weight loss may have an influential role on subsequent energy balance behaviors and weight. Objectives The aim of this article is to consider the effect of proportionate changes in body composition during weight loss on subsequent changes in appetite and weight outcomes at 26 wk in individuals engaged in a weight loss maintenance intervention. Methods A subgroup of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) study (n = 209) was recruited from 3 European countries. Participants underwent an 8-wk low-calorie diet (LCD) resulting in ≥8% body weight loss, during which changes in body composition (by DXA) and appetite (by visual analog scale appetite perceptions in response to a fixed test meal) were measured. Participants were randomly assigned into 5 weight loss maintenance diets based on protein and glycemic index content and followed up for 26 wk. We investigated associations between proportionate fat-free mass (FFM) loss (%FFML) during weight loss and 1) weight outcomes at 26 wk and 2) changes in appetite perceptions. Results During the LCD, participants lost a mean ± SD of 11.2 ± 3.5 kg, of which 30.4% was FFM. After adjustment, there was a tendency for %FFML to predict weight regain in the whole group (β: 0.041; 95% CI: −0.001, 0.08; P = 0.055), which was significant in men (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.15; P = 0.009) but not women (β: 0.01; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.07; P = 0.69). Associations between %FFML and change in appetite perceptions during weight loss were inconsistent. The strongest observations were in men for hunger (r = 0.69, P = 0.002) and desire to eat (r = 0.61, P = 0.009), with some tendencies in the whole group and no associations in women. Conclusions Our results suggest that composition of weight loss may have functional importance for energy balance regulation, with greater losses of FFM potentially being associated with increased weight regain and appetite. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.

The impact of life review on depression in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Margriet Pot ◽  
Ernst T. Bohlmeijer ◽  
Simone Onrust ◽  
Anne-Sophie Melenhorst ◽  
Marjolein Veerbeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Life Review ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground: We developed an indicated preventive life-review course, “Looking for Meaning”, based on the assumption that reminiscence styles influence coping with depressive symptoms. This study describes the impact of this course in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.Methods: Inclusion criteria were >50 years, a score of 5 or higher on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and no depressive disorder or psychotropic or psychological treatment. Participants were randomized and stratified by gender: the experimental group (N = 83) was offered the course and the comparison group (N = 88) a movie. There were three measurements: pre-treatment, post-treatment and 6 months after post-treatment. Depressive symptoms constituted the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were anxiety symptoms, satisfaction with life, mastery and reminiscence styles. All analyses were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Missing values were replaced by regression imputation.Results: The course reduced depressive symptoms, a decrease that was retained during follow-up. A significant between-group effect size was found (d = 0.58). There was also a reduction in symptoms of anxiety; however, the comparison group showed the same reduction, resulting in a small between-group effect size. Gender and level of depressive symptoms were found to be prognostic factors for the change in depressive symptoms; age was not. Post hoc analyses showed significant between-group effect sizes for females and those with a score above the cut-off of the CES-D.Conclusion: The course “Looking for Meaning” can be recommended for people aged over 50 years, females and older adults with a clinically relevant level of depressive symptoms (above cut-off) in particular.

scholarly journals Diet misreporting can be corrected: confirmation of the association between energy intake and fat-free mass in adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uku Vainik ◽  
Kenn Konstabel ◽  
Evelin Lätt ◽  
Jarek Mäestu ◽  
Priit Purge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dietary Interview

AbstractSubjective energy intake (sEI) is often misreported, providing unreliable estimates of energy consumed. Therefore, relating sEI data to health outcomes is difficult. Recently, Börnhorst et al. compared various methods to correct sEI-based energy intake estimates. They criticised approaches that categorise participants as under-reporters, plausible reporters and over-reporters based on the sEI:total energy expenditure (TEE) ratio, and thereafter use these categories as statistical covariates or exclusion criteria. Instead, they recommended using external predictors of sEI misreporting as statistical covariates. We sought to confirm and extend these findings. Using a sample of 190 adolescent boys (mean age=14), we demonstrated that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured fat-free mass is strongly associated with objective energy intake data (onsite weighted breakfast), but the association with sEI (previous 3-d dietary interview) is weak. Comparing sEI with TEE revealed that sEI was mostly under-reported (74 %). Interestingly, statistically controlling for dietary reporting groups or restricting samples to plausible reporters created a stronger-than-expected association between fat-free mass and sEI. However, the association was an artifact caused by selection bias – that is, data re-sampling and simulations showed that these methods overestimated the effect size because fat-free mass was related to sEI both directly and indirectly via TEE. A more realistic association between sEI and fat-free mass was obtained when the model included common predictors of misreporting (e.g. BMI, restraint). To conclude, restricting sEI data only to plausible reporters can cause selection bias and inflated associations in later analyses. Therefore, we further support statistically correcting sEI data in nutritional analyses. The script for running simulations is provided.

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