Exploring the Association between Demographics and Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Age Factors ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Government

Objective: We explore the association between demographics and the most prevalent cancers in the United States by analyzing empirical data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with indicators like cancer site, cancer incidence rate, relative survival rate, death rate, and demographic and lifestyle factors. Identifying cancer-related factors can contribute to improvements in treatment and management of the disease. Method: We use visual analytics to show behavioral factors and age to be associated with increasing incidence rates. Principal Results: Females are more susceptible to breast and males to prostate cancer. As a preventive measure, national healthcare entities, insurance companies and the government should consider both gender and age factors and monitor behavioral health measures like drugs and diet, in evaluating cancer treatment/mitigation. Main conclusions: Preventive care combined with improved outcomes and reduced costs is necessary. We offer implications for all developed countries in identifying key areas to target and manage public health.

Detecting Healthcare Fraud and Abuse in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jesilow ◽  
Bryan Burton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
White Collar Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Corporate Behavior ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The U.S

Healthcare fraud involves wide-ranging illegal behaviors. It includes such activities as individual physicians who bill insurance companies or the government for services that were never provided, as well as corporate behavior, such as pharmaceutical companies that falsify clinical tests in order to get unsafe drugs approved for use. Thousands die each year in the United States due to these behaviors, including deaths from incorrectly prescribed medications or from tainted drugs that were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration based upon fraudulent testing and reporting. Thousands of additional patients likely are injured and killed by unnecessary surgeries performed by physicians who want to maximize their reimbursements. The illegal activities also add billions of dollars each year to the total healthcare cost in the U.S. Despite these costs, there is relatively little outrage as a result of the behaviors, largely because they remain hidden from public view. Healthcare fraud, as with almost all white-collar crime, is rarely detected and that prevents the frauds from becoming known to victims, law enforcement, and policy makers, which in turn prevents analysts from compiling a complete picture of the behaviors and prevents policymakers and law enforcement from developing efficient enforcement strategies. Moreover, the lack of detection assures perpetrators that they will get away with their crimes and limits the potential preventative effects of punishment. Lack of detection and reporting has been a particularly strong problem for those trying to control healthcare fraud and abuse in the United States and elsewhere. The enforcement mechanisms that have evolved have been strongly influenced by the difficulties of detecting the illegal behaviors.

Changing epidemiology of gastric sarcomas in the United States.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Albert Y. Lin ◽  
Peter Ravdin
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Gastric Gist ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Localized Disease

47 Background: The introduction of imatinib as targeted therapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) has supplied a strong impetus for the reclassification of gastric sarcomas (GS). We examined the changes in the incidence and mortality over the last 20 years for GS subtypes using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database over the last 20 years. Methods: Based on information from SEER, GS cases were identified by primary cancer site and ICD-O-3 codes. SEER*stat was used to make estimates of incidence and cause specific survival. Joinpoint software was used to test for trends. Results: The overall incidence of GS increased of from 1991 and to 2011 from 2.9 (standard error [SE] 0.4) to 6.6 (SE 0.6) cases per million per year. The histologic subtypes of changed over this time interval with the leiomyosarcoma being initially the leading GS subtype with an incidence from 2.3 (SE 0.4) decreasing to 0.1 (SE 0.1). The incidence of gastric GIST increased from 0.1 (SE 0.1) to 6.3 (SE 0.6) representing 95% of all GS cases in 2011. For GS test for trend with Joinpoint model did not detect a discontinuity in the trend (occurring at a rate of 4.7% [p < 0.001]) relative increase per year. Much of the total GS increase in incidence was for localized disease with the incidence rates which increased from 1.2 to 4.5 cases per 10^6/year a relative increase of 6.8% (p < 0.01) per year. During this period the 3-year cause specific mortality improved for localized GS from 9.4% to 0.9%. Improvements were also seen for mortality outcomes for regional and distant disease. Conclusions: Between 1991 and 2011, more than a doubling of incidence of GS was observed with a concurrent rapid change in GIST - most in localized disease and a dramatic improvement in its outcome. It seems unlikely that this is due to changes in the underlying biology of the disease, or to imatinib alone, but may be, in part, due to changes in diagnostic techniques or pathologic evaluation

Current Approaches to Federal E-Government

2011 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
M. E. Chen ◽  
C. K. Davis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Privacy Issues

The U.S. government is making strides to provide electronic access to government agencies and services. A variety of issues are involved when implementing e-government programs such as electronic tax filing, access to drug information, and so forth. Financial, technical, personnel, and legal issues are common. Privacy issues in the creation of e-government are also of interest to both the e-government implementer and citizen. There are a variety of issues in planning and implementing projects of the scope and magnitude of e-government. Issues such as user requirements, organizational change, government regulations, and politics, as well as descriptions of planning and implementation frameworks, are important. Experience in developed countries shows that it is not difficult for people to imagine a situation where all interaction can be done 24 hours each day, 7 days each week. Many countries, including the United States, France, Australia, Greece, Canada, Singapore, and Italy have been offering government services online (West, 2004). According to Sharma and Gupta (2003), Canada, Singapore, and the United States are categorized as “innovative leaders” (p. 34) whose continued leadership in the creation of e-government and more mature online services sets them apart from other countries. Canada leads the way in e-government innovation while Singapore, the United States, Australia, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Finland, Germany, and Ireland are countries in the top-10 list. Several Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, and Burma have initiated the concept of e-government as well (Dodgson, 2001). An article in Federal Computer Week (Perera, 2004) reported findings of a recent poll indicating that 77% of Internet users (or some 97 million people) in the United States have gone online for government information. E-government is rapidly becoming a key priority of the government of the United States.

Clostridioides difficile-Infection (CDI)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Moisi
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram positive, spore-forming bacillus colonizing the lower gastrointestinal tract. Use of antibiotics, older age, and underlying diseases contribute to changes in the microbial flora of the gut, which may lead to the production of toxins that cause C. difficile infection (CDI), with symptoms ranging from mild to moderate diarrhea to severe diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon and sepsis. CDI is difficult to treat and has a high risk of recurrence. The fecal-oral route is the predominant mode of C. difficile transmission. The highest CDI incidence rates are reported from developed countries, particularly the United States, but limited disease awareness and surveillance capacity may lead to underestimation of disease burden elsewhere. Treatment consists of stopping ongoing antibiotic treatment, specific anti-CDI antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). CDI recurrence can be prevented by an anti-toxin B monoclonal antibody, bezlotoxumab. Various hygiene measures should be applied but they are costly and of variable effect. A candidate vaccine directed at the C. difficile toxin failed in the past, possibly due to a change in the epitope through inactivation or to a suboptimal immunization schedule. Currently, only one vaccine candidate based on genetically and chemically detoxified toxins A and B is in phase III studies.

Analysis of the Existent Problem and the Policy Suggestions for Chinese New Energy Industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 1967-1970
Author(s):  
Miao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Existent Problem ◽  
New Situation

After the Financial Crisis, to stave off recession, the United States, the European Union enacted and promulgated a series of policies, those developed countries not only put forward the development of new energy industry as avery important national economic strategy but also make the relevant laws and regulations and policies to ensure a favorable environment for new energy industry. In such a new situation, our country is vigorously promoting the development of new energy sources. But we also meet some problems in the process of develop. This paper discuss the issues regarding the policies and capital bottleneck that appears on the development of new energy industry, calls upon the Government to implement relevant policies of new energy industry as soon as possible and make effort to support the industry development

scholarly journals Pendidikan Islam Sebagai Grand Design Pendidikan Karakter

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Muhammad Isnaini
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Formal Curriculum ◽  
National Education ◽  
Education Agenda ◽  
The Government

Character education is a positive offer in the eradication of moral crises which particularly emerged in our students. Therefore, the internalization of values of character education in the educational institution is a must. As an Islamic education institution in Indonesia, the existence of Boarding school is considered to be able to develop values of character education which may be done through formal or non-formal curriculum. This is so because since its early existence, Boarding school has delineated its distinctive feature which is different from the other common types of education. Here, the implementation of character values have been integrated (within large portion) in the religious subjects. Character education, at least in the discourse, still a potent tool in addressing the arious issues that whack this nation. Not only in Indonesia, even in developed countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, and, still rely on character education as a mainstay of kick to overcome various moral issues at hand. Character education became very warm issue in the education scene in Indonesia due to the rampant cases of moral that afflicts this nation, ranging from scenes in high State institutions, educational nstitutions until those cases that occur in the streets. The cases allegedly due to the failure of education that has lasted until today. Criticisms of the educational world tends to be mechanical, cognitive aspects than prefer the affective and psychomotor, and a series of spicy criticism more have graced the writings of educational expert. In order to respond to these concerns, the Government now, through the Ministry of education and culture and supported by the Ministry of Religion, raised character education agenda as the national education agenda. Sayang sayang thousand, until now there has been no clear concept of philosophy as well as on the technical implementation. This paper will offer solutions to various problems in philosophy as well as the implementation of character education. The author of the theme of humanist-religious is one of spirits in character education. The reason is that to improve the character of a nation, certainly could not depart from values which do not come from the nation itself. Humanist-religious is a character that belongs to the people of Indonesia so that character education is applied in this country inevitably had to depart from this character. After discussing the philosophy of character education from the perspective of humanist-religious, the author offers some alternatives that are related to the stages of education, learning methods, as well as the position of teachers in character education

scholarly journals The Terrorist Risk Insurance Act of 2002: The Federal Government's Role in Addressing Losses Caused by Terrorism

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Michael P.G. Stinziano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Terrorism Risk ◽  
The Government ◽  
Risk Insurance

In response to problems associated with insuring against the risk of foreign terrorist attacks in the United States, Congress passed The Terrorist Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (TRIA) to help solve an availability and affordability crisis in the private marketplace for terrorism risk insurance. TRIA established a temporary three-year federal program that created a risk-sharing mechanism to provide private insurance companies with a tool to manage the allocation of their risk resulting from foreign terrorist attacks. The role of government in helping to provide financial protection from losses not served by private markets is not new, but protecting against terrorism risk is. TRIA and its possible alternatives remain a topic of considerable discussion and debate as our country continues to address the threat of terrorism in the United States. One important element of this analysis is to determine what permanent role, if any, the government should play in providing terrorism risk insurance to address the market failure that occurred after September 11. Another is to explore possible alternatives to the current temporary program.

Trends in Government e-Authentication

2012 ◽  
pp. 664-677
Author(s):  
Mike Just ◽  
Karen Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Digital Channels

Government engagement of its citizens through digital channels offers the potential for efficiencies and savings, while at the same time allowing the government to reach out to constituents in novel ways. Yet such endeavours must be undertaken with care, especially with personalised service delivery, which requires effective management of security and privacy. Proper authentication and management of identity are key related factors. In this chapter, the authors examine government use and adoption of e-authentication and identity management technologies in order to securely interact with citizens. They first provide some background in which the state-of-the-art for protecting and managing identities is reviewed in terms of the various methods studied in academia and marketed by industry. The chapter then describes the degree to which these methods have been, and continue to be, used in the e-government initiatives of several developed countries. Finally, the authors consider the lessons learned, and how they might be applied to similar initiatives in developing countries.

Trends in Government e-Authentication

2012 ◽  
pp. 1792-1805
Author(s):  
Mike Just ◽  
Karen Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Digital Channels

Government engagement of its citizens through digital channels offers the potential for efficiencies and savings, while at the same time allowing the government to reach out to constituents in novel ways. Yet such endeavours must be undertaken with care, especially with personalised service delivery, which requires effective management of security and privacy. Proper authentication and management of identity are key related factors. In this chapter, the authors examine government use and adoption of e-authentication and identity management technologies in order to securely interact with citizens. They first provide some background in which the state-of-the-art for protecting and managing identities is reviewed in terms of the various methods studied in academia and marketed by industry. The chapter then describes the degree to which these methods have been, and continue to be, used in the e-government initiatives of several developed countries. Finally, the authors consider the lessons learned, and how they might be applied to similar initiatives in developing countries.

U.S. Business Interests in Cuba and the Rise of Castro

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
New Business ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
The Government ◽  
Direct Government ◽  
Private Investors

Private investment in Latin America by citizens of the United States, as well as in other less-developed areas of the world, is widely regarded as a valuable—if not an indispensable—component of the overall U.S. foreign assistance program. By quickly identifying and exploring promising new business opportunities, and by providing financial resources and human skills required to translate them into going ventures, U.S. investment activities can make a vital contribution to economic development. Recognizing the role of private investment in furthering its national interests, the U.S. government has for a number of years sought to promote the flow of new investment: a rapidly growing investment guarantee program, direct government loans to eligible private investors, and investment information services are some of the instruments employed by the government in pursuing this objective. To provide additional incentives, a bill currently before Congress stipulates that U.S. investors making certain kinds of new investments in eligible, less-developed countries would be permitted to deduct 30 per cent of the cost of the investment from their total federal income-tax obligations.

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