Cognitive Imaging

This article, an extended version of ICCI*CC-2017 paper, co-authored by biomedical engineers specializing in brain blood circulation modeling and by experts in meaning-based NLP. This article suggests a cognitive computing technology for medical imaging analysis that removes image artifacts resulting in visual deviations from reality, such as discontinuous blood vessels or two vessels shown merged when they are not. It is implemented by supplying the pertinent knowledge that humans have to the computer and letting it initiate the corrective post-processing. The existing OST resource is centered on the ontology that is made to accommodate the domain with a minor adjustment effort; however, any ontology can be used, as demonstrated in this article. The examples from the ontology demonstrate the disparities between what the image shows and what the human knows. The computer detects them autonomously and can initiate the appropriate post-processing. If and when this cognitive imaging prevails, the post-processed images may replace the current ones as legitimate artifact-free MRIs.

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Cloud Computing Technology Innovation Advances

International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing ◽

10.4018/ijcac.2015010106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vanessa Ratten

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Online Advertising ◽

Technological Innovations ◽

Adoption Process ◽

Cognitive Computing ◽

Computing Technology ◽

Computing Services ◽

Consumer Concerns ◽

Cloud Computing Services

This paper seeks to investigate the advances in the consumer adoption process of technological innovations in cloud computing services. The paper aims to focus on the increased role of cognitive computing and big data affecting adoption of emerging technologies. As more consumers worldwide are using mobile computing, the role of online advertising is examined to understand the marketing affects of cloud technology. This leads to a discussion about how the value of social capital to consumers adopting cloud computing technology, which highlights how consumers learn and interact with emerging technological innovations. To overcome the concerns about security and transparency of data stored on cloud computing servers, the role of cloud computing technology in alleviating consumer concerns is stated. The findings highlight the importance of changing the mindsets of consumers when using a technological innovation and the obstacles to the use of cloud computing technology. The paper describes the advances in cloud computing technology in connection to emerging innovations that can be of use to practitioners as well as researchers in the field.

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Modern Embalming, Circulation of Fluids, and the Voyage through the Human Arterial System: Carl L. Barnes and the Culture of Immortality in America

Nuncius ◽

10.1163/182539111x569784 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 109-131

Author(s):

Irina Podgorny

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

19Th Century ◽

Human Body ◽

Blood Circulation ◽

Arterial System ◽

Experimental Medicine ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

Dead Bodies

AbstractBy considering the work of American embalmer, lawyer, and physician Carl Lewis Barnes (1872-1927), this paper analyzes the emergence of modern embalming in America. Barnes experimented with and exhibited the techniques by which embalming fluids travelled into the most remote cavities of the human body. In this sense, modern embalmers based their skills and methods on experimental medicine, turning the anatomy of blood vessels, physiology of circulation, and composition of blood into a circuit that allowed embalming fluids to move throughout the corpse. Embalmers in the late 19th century took ownership of the laws of hydrodynamics and the physiology of blood circulation to market their fluids and equipment, thus playing the role of physiologists of death, performing and demonstrating physiological experiments with dead bodies.

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Anti-VEGF Therapy in Breast and Lung Mouse Models of Cancers

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2011/947928 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Di Domenico Marina ◽

Ricciardi Carmela ◽

Fusco Alfredo ◽

Pierantoni Giovanna Maria

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Targeted Therapy ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Blood Circulation ◽

The Body ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Murine Models ◽

Body Tissues ◽

The World ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world after cardiovascular diseases. Some types of cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body through blood circulation or lymph vessels, where they begin to grow. This process is recognized as metastasis. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from existing vessel. Normally angiogenesis is a healthy process, that helps the body to heal wounds and repair damaged body tissues, whereas in cancerous condition this process supports new blood vessels formation that provide a tumor with its own blood supply, nutrients and allow it to grow. The most important proximal factor for angiogenesis is the vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF. Angioinhibition is a form of targeted therapy that uses drugs to stop tumors from making new blood vessels. Therefore, in this paper we analyse the importance of VEGF as target of cancer therapy, analysing murine models.

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Computerized Quantification of Tissue Vascularization Using High-resolution Slide Scanning of Whole Tumor Sections

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/002215540305100203 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 151-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Christophe F. Chantrain ◽

Yves A. DeClerck ◽

Susan Groshen ◽

George McNamara

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Random Fields ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Mammary Adenocarcinoma ◽

Imaging Analysis ◽

Tumor Vascularization ◽

Analysis Software ◽

Scanning Method ◽

Slide Scanner

Assessment of tissue vascularization using immunohistochemical techniques for microvessel detection has been limited by difficulties in generating reproducible quantitative data. The distinction of individual blood vessels and the selection of microscopic fields to be analyzed remain two factors of subjectivity. In this study, we used imaging analysis software and a high-resolution slide scanner for measurement of CD31-immunostained endothelial area (EA) in whole sections of human neuroblastoma xenograft and murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumors. Imaging analysis software provided objective criteria for analysis of sections of different tumors. The use of the criteria on images of entire tumor section acquired with the slide scanner constituted a rapid method to quantify tumor vascularization. Compared with previously described methods, the “hot spot” and the “random fields” methods, EA measurements obtained with our “whole section scanning” method were more reproducible with 8.6% interobserver disagreement for the “whole section scanning” method vs 42.2% and 39.0% interobserver disagreement for the “hot spot” method and the “random fields,” respectively. Microvessel density was also measured with the whole section scanning method and provided additional data on the distribution and the size of the blood vessels. Therefore, this method constitutes a time efficient and reproducible method for quantification of tumor vascularization.

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Folate nutrition in the kid

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19720127 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 571-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J. E. Ford ◽

G. S. Knaggs ◽

D. N. Salter ◽

K. J. Scott

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Protein Complex ◽

Blood Circulation ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Milk Secretion ◽

Folate Binding Protein ◽

Folate Concentration ◽

Trapping Mechanism ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

A Minor

1. A study was made on the folate content of goat's milk in relation to stage of lactation, and on the interrelationship between blood and milk folate concentrations in the dam and in the kid.2. In seven goats the folate concentration in the colostrum at parturition ranged from 136 to 300 ng/ml, and averaged 205 ng/ml. The concentration fell sharply during the early days of lactation and by day 14 it averaged only 9.5 ng/ml. This pattern of rapid decline in milk folate concentration with advancing lactation was little affected by daily provision of folic acid parenterally in relatively large amounts.3. The colostrum and milk contained a minor whey protein that combined strongly with folate, and presumably acts as a trapping mechanism to accumulate the vitamin from the plasma into the milk. The milk folate concentration determined by the rate of milk secretion in relation to the availability of free folate in the blood plasma.4. At parturition the plasma folate concentration in the kids was very low – about 1 ng/ml – but by day 2 it had increased to about 28 ng/ml. This folate was protein-bound and accompanied by an excess of free binder protein. It appeared that the folate-protein complex from the colostrums was transmitted intact into the kids' blood circulation.5. The possible importance of the folate-binding protein in regulation of folate metabolism is discussed.

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Game Changers

Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2014-sep-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 136 (09) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Ahmed K. Noor

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Electronic System ◽

Neural Systems ◽

Mammalian Brain ◽

Electric Heater ◽

Cognitive Computing ◽

Computing Technology ◽

Cognitive Technology ◽

The Past

This article discusses the recent development in “cognitive computing” technology. Unlike expert systems of the past, which required inflexible hard-coded expert rules, cognitive computers interpret unstructured data (sensory information, images, voices, and numbers), navigate through vast amounts of information, learn by experience, and participate in dialogues with humans using natural language to solve extremely complex problems. The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is funding a program called SyNAPSE (Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics) to develop machine technology that will function like biological neural systems. IBM, Hughes Research Labs, and several universities are working on this program. The aim is to build an electronic system that matches a mammalian brain in function, size, and power consumption. It would recreate 10 billion neurons and 100 trillion synapses, consume one kilowatt (same as a small electric heater), and measure less than 2,000 cubic centimeters. Several other projects are also under way to apply cognitive technology to robotics, cars, and production systems.

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The Effect of Horse Shoeing with Egg Bar Shoes and Shoes with Wedge Pads on the Results of Thermal Imaging of the Equine Distal Limb

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1479

Author(s):

Marta Mieszkowska ◽

Zbigniew Adamiak ◽

Piotr Holak ◽

Joanna Głodek ◽

Ewa Jastrzębska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Imaging ◽

Blood Circulation ◽

Distal Part ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽

Group 2 ◽

A Minor ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Minor Extent ◽

Group 1

The presented manuscript provides reference for practitioners when measuring normal hoof temperature, as well as controlling the temperature after shoeing with particular shoes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of horse shoeing with egg bar shoes and shoes with wedge pads on hoof temperature measured by thermography. This was a prospective study conducted on 16 horses. The horses were divided into two groups: horses from group 1 were shod with egg bar shoes, while horses from group 2 were shod with shoes with wedge pads. Thermographic examination was performed below the metacarpophalangeal joint before and one month after shoeing. After shoeing with egg bar shoes, there was a decrease in the median of the minimal temperature in the palmar view. After shoeing with wedge pads, thermography revealed decreased hoof temperature in the dorsal and palmar views. Horse shoes may have a negative impact on the blood circulation and metabolism within the distal part of the limb; however, our study found this only to a minor extent.

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On the Driver of Blood Circulation Beyond the Heart

10.1101/2021.04.19.440300 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Li ◽

Gerald H. Pollack

Keyword(s):

Chick Embryo ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Blood Circulation ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Driving Mechanism ◽

Lower Velocity ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Chick Embryo Model

The heart is widely acknowledged as the unique driver of blood circulation. Recently, we discovered a flow-driving mechanism that can operate without imposed pressure, using infrared (IR) energy to propel flow. We considered the possibility that, by exploiting this mechanism, blood vessels, themselves, could propel flow. We verified the existence of this driving mechanism by using a three-day-old chick-embryo model. When the heart was stopped, blood continued to flow, albeit at a lower velocity. When IR was introduced, flow increased, by ~300%. When IR energy was diminished under otherwise physiological conditions, blood failed to flow. Hence, this IR-dependent, vessel-based flow-driving mechanism may indeed operate in the circulatory system, complementing the action of the heart.

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Combination of Gray-Level and Moment Invariant for Automatic Blood Vessel Detection on Retinal Image

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.34.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 10-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Wan Azani Mustafa ◽

Haniza Yazid ◽

Wahida Kamaruddin

Keyword(s):

Feature Extraction ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Automatic Segmentation ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Gray Level ◽

Post Processing ◽

Moment Invariant ◽

Blood Vessel Detection ◽

Vessel Enhancement ◽

Three Stages

Segmentation of blood vessels in the retinal is a crucial step in the diagnosis of eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This paper presents a supervised method for automatic segmentation of blood vessels in retinal images. The proposed method based on a hybrid combination between Gray-Level and Moment Invariant techniques. There are four steps involved, whereas preprocessing, feature extraction, classification, and post-processing. In the preprocessing, three stages are performed include vessel central light reflex removal, background homogenization, and vessel enhancement. The 7-D vector feature extraction was performed to compute that compose of gray-level and moment invariants-based features for pixel representation. The decision tree is used for classification step that characterized the pixel based on vessels and non-vessels. The final step is the post-processing which will remove the small artifacts appears after classification process. The proposed method was compared to the Vascular Tree method and Morphological method. Based on the objective evaluation, the proposed method achieved (sensitivity = 98.589, specificity = 55.544 and accuracy = 96.197).

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