The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Unemployment, Market, Livelihoods, and Food Security in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Ebrima Ceesay
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

This paper assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on unemployment, market, livelihoods, and food security in Africa. The data use in this paper was generated from online survey questionnaire in which the participants were asked about certain questions in which COVID-19 affects their social-economic situation. The questionnaire was design to help Africans to understand COVID-19's impact on their social and economic live. The results of this study reveal that coronavirus pandemic affected Africa in a number of ways: 1) 51.6% responded in Africa that coronavirus affected their job search while 45.2% said it did not affect their job search. 2) In Africa, 55.8% said they still can access the market in the past 7 days, and 30.2% said they cannot access the market due to certain conditions or restrictions and lockdowns. 3) 45% said the main reason they and the peoples in their respective households could not access the market or stores during the coronavirus pandemic is due to movement restriction imposed by government.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Socio-Economic Situation in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Ebrima K. Ceesay
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

This article assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social and economic situation in Africa. The data used in this paper was generated from online survey questionnaire, in which the participants were asked questions about how COVID-19 has affected their socio-economic lives. The questionnaire was designed to help Africa to understand COVID-19 impacts. The results reveal that COVID-19 affected Africa in the following ways: 1) 51.6% responded that coronavirus affected their job search; 2) over the past three months, 47.1% of the respondents said their private financial situation remained unchanged; 3) 61% did not trust the existence of COVID-19; 5) according to this online survey administered using Google form, 51.8% of the respondents said the services sectors are the most impacted sectors, followed by industrial sector, 31.3%, and agriculture is least affected sector at 8.4%. Policy implication is that it has serious impacts on socio-economics interactions.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural production, livelihoods, and food security in India: baseline results of a phone survey

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Jaacks ◽  
Divya Veluguri ◽  
Rajesh Serupally ◽  
Aditi Roy ◽  
Poornima Prabhakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Extra Food ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on agricultural production, livelihoods, food security, and dietary diversity in India. Phone interview surveys were conducted by trained enumerators across 12 states and 200 districts in India from 3 to 15 May 2020. A total of 1437 farmers completed the survey (94% male; 28% 30–39 years old; 38% with secondary schooling). About one in ten farmers (11%) did not harvest in the past month with primary reasons cited being unfavorable weather (37%) and lockdown-related reasons (24%). A total of 63% of farmers harvested in the past month (primarily wheat and vegetables), but only 44% had sold their crop; 12% were still trying to sell their crop, and 39% had stored their crop, with more than half (55%) reporting lockdown-related issues as the reason for storing. Seventy-nine percent of households with wage-workers witnessed a decline in wages in the past month and 49% of households with incomes from livestock witnessed a decline. Landless farmers were about 10 times more likely to skip a meal as compared to large farmers (18% versus 2%), but a majority reported receiving extra food rations from the government. Nearly all farmers reported consuming staple grains daily in the past week (97%), 63% consumed dairy daily, 40% vegetables daily, 26% pulses daily, and 7% fruit daily. These values are much lower than reported previously for farmers in India around this time of year before COVID-19: 94–95% dairy daily, 57–58% pulses daily, 64–65% vegetables daily, and 42–43% fruit daily. In conclusion, we found that the COVID-19 lockdown in India has primarily impacted farmers’ ability to sell their crops and livestock products and decreased daily wages and dietary diversity.

scholarly journals Self-reported psychological distress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Nepal: findings from an online survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Gautam ◽  
Ramesh P. Adhikari ◽  
Aman Sen Gupta ◽  
Rajan Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Pitambar Koirala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychological Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A lower respiratory tract infection caused by novel coronavirus termed as Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) was first identified in China and subsequently took the form of pandemic. Studies on disease outbreak in the past and recent COVID-19 outbreak have demonstrated increased psychological distress and adverse impacts on mental health and psychological wellbeing of people. However, the impact of COVID-19 on psychological wellbeing of people in Nepal hasn't been studied adequately. So, this paper aims to report the findings from a social media survey on psychological impacts of COVID-19 in Nepal. Methods Data were collected through social media from 2082 Nepalese respondents between 23rd April, 2020 and 3rd May, 2020. A total of 2014 respondents who were currently residing in Nepal were included in the analysis. Results The study suggested that half of the respondents suffered from at least one symptom of psychological distress whereas 32% suffered from two or more symptoms of psychological distress such as restlessness, fearfulness, anxiety and worry and sadness in the past 2 weeks preceding the survey date. The findings further suggested that respondents having lower family income, residing in rented room, and participants from province 2 were more likely to suffer from both single and multiple symptoms of psychological distress. Conclusion The study has shown high prevalence of psychological distress amongst the Nepalese respondents following COVID-19 outbreak. Appropriate mental health and psychosocial support response needs to be instituted to adequately respond to psychological impacts of the epidemic.

scholarly journals Pathways from Food Insecurity to Health Outcomes among California University Students

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanna M. Martinez ◽  
Michael A. Grandner ◽  
Aydin Nazmi ◽  
Elias Ruben Canedo ◽  
Lorrene D. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of food insecurity (FI) among college students is alarmingly high, yet the impact on student health has not been well investigated. The aim of the current study was to examine the simultaneous relationships between food insecurity and health-related outcomes including body mass index (BMI) and overall health in a college student population. Randomly sampled students in the University of California 10 campus system were invited to participate in an online survey in spring 2015. The analytic sample size was 8705 graduate and undergraduate students. Data were collected on FI in the past year, daily servings of fruits and vegetables (FV), number of days in the past week of enough sleep and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), height and weight, self-rated health, and student characteristics. Using path analysis, mediated pathways between FI, BMI, and poor health were examined through FV intake, number of days of MVPA and enough sleep. Analyses controlled for student characteristics. Mean BMI was 23.6 kg/m2 (SD, 5.0), and average self-rated health was good. FI was directly and indirectly related to higher BMI and poor health through three pathways. First, FI was related to fewer days of enough sleep, which in turn was related to increased BMI and poor health. Second, FI was related to fewer days of MVPA, which in turn was related to increased BMI and poor health. Third, FI was related to fewer daily servings of FV, which in turn was related to poor health. FI is associated with poor health behaviors among college students, which may contribute to higher weight status and poor health. These findings highlight the importance of food security for a healthy college experience.

scholarly journals Digital Inequity Survey to the Teachers of St. Aloysius Academy of Dasmariñas: A Basis for Digital Trust and Intuition

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Crisanto E. Avila
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Impact

In the field of education, teachers must be technologically abreast especially in time of the COVID-19 Pandemic addressing the demand of the New Normal. To build confidence and capacity in digital teaching-learning, teachers must consider developing their skills in using digital technologies in education and they must also embed the use of digital devices in the teaching-learning practice. In this premise, this research article explains the digital inequality that the teachers are experiencing and its effect on their teaching profession and on establishing among themselves the digital trust and intuition. This study also aimed to answer, “What are the digital equalities do teachers encounter?” Th teachers’ decision for digital trust and intuition is affected by the digital inequalities they are experiencing. This study draws insights from a one-page survey questionnaire to 20 selected teachers of St. Aloysius Academy of Dasmariñas representing the faculty from the 3 departments such as preschool, grade school and high school. The results of this study indicate that teachers of St. Aloysius Academy of Dasmariñas are digitally inclined as manifested by their subscriptions to various digital devices and services. The impact of the digital technology to them in terms of social, economic, political and cultural affects their decision in digital trust and intuition.  Overcoming issues on digital inequality among teachers will lead to digital trust and intuition.  The school, from where the teachers are employed must address the digital inequality by ensuring that all teachers have equal chances in accessing the technology-based teaching devices and by providing them capacity building trainings which are imperative for the demand of the new normal. Teachers must embrace the digital technology in the community and in their workplace and imbibe the digital trust and intuition in education.  

scholarly journals Changes in Eating Behaviors During COVID-19 and Association With Food Insecurity: Results From a Nation-Wide Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
Shahmir Ali ◽  
Niyati Parekh ◽  
Ariadna Capasso ◽  
Yesim Tozan ◽  
Abbey Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed both a health and economic crisis in the US, with growing concerns on how eating behaviors and food security (risk factors of non-communicable disease) have changed. This study examines changes in food insecurity and eating behaviors during the early months of the pandemic among US adults. Methods A nationwide survey of US adults was conducted in April 2020 through social-media advertisement-based recruitment to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Food insecurity was measured using a six-item validated USDA Household Food Security instrument. Eating behaviors were assessed by asking participants how their eating has changed since the pandemic (“Much More” to “Much Less”). Sociodemographic differences in food behaviors were assessed with chi-square tests, and an adjusted logistic regression model evaluated the association between food insecurity and eating behaviors. Results Overall, 5256 participants had data on eating behaviors; 58.6% were female, 43.8% aged 40–59 years old, and 56.4% were employed. Eating remained unchanged for most participants (52.7%), while 34.6% noted eating more, and 12.7% noted eating less since the pandemic. 85.3% of participants displayed high/marginal food insecurity, while 14.7% displayed low/very-low food security. Compared to those eating more during the pandemic, those eating less were more likely to be younger (24.7% vs. 17.4% aged 18–39), male (42.0% vs. 33.4%), not working, or unemployed (17.1% vs. 13.7%), and make <$30,000 a year (20.7% vs. 12.6%). When adjusting for socio-demographic variables, compared to those whose eating behavior did not change, the adjusted odds of low/very-low food insecurity was higher among both those who were eating less (AOR:6.44, 95%CI:4.96–8.37) and eating more (AOR:1.67, 95%CI:1.33–2.09). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed significant food insecurity, with food insecurity being associated with bidirectional changes in food consumption. Public health professionals must critically examine the various contributors of eating behaviors during the pandemic and their link with food insecurity to develop targeted interventions. Funding Sources N/A

Physician-reported comorbidities and treatment management in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Sreevalsa Appukkuttan ◽  
Bindi Patel ◽  
Jacqueline Parkin ◽  
Dena H. Jaffe ◽  
Jonathon Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Treatment Management ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
The Past ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
The Impact

149 Background: With the emergence of potent therapies in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) there is a need to understand the impact of nmCRPC treatments on patient comorbidities and concomitant medications. The goal of this study was to understand treatment management of nmCRPC in patients with pre-existing comorbidities from a physician perspective. Methods: Physicians who treated nmCRPC patients with systemic therapy were recruited from a US physician panel for an online survey (Sept-Oct 2019). Physician responses included physician treatment practice, demographic characteristics, and their 'typical' nmCRPC patient profile from the past 6 months (e.g., health profile, disease management, and quality of life [QOL]). Results: Fifty US physicians (56% urologists, 44% oncologists) with 21±6 years in practice, treated on average 30 nmCRPC patients in the past 6 months. The most common nmCRPC treatments were leuprolide acetate (82%), enzalutamide (80%) and apalutamide (70%). The most common comorbidities reported were hypertension (96%), sexual dysfunction (94%), diabetes (92%), myocardial infarction (88%) and urinary issues (88%). 78% of the physicians reported taking comorbidities and medications for comorbidities into consideration when prescribing nmCRPC treatments. Between 15%-28% of physicians reported a change in nmCRPC prostate treatment and 19%-26% reported a dose change in nmCRPC treatment for up to 1/3 of their patients due to comorbidities (Table). For QOL, urologists versus oncologists indicated more days with poor health status among nmCRPC patients (e.g., median poor mental health days 30-days prior to treatment: urologists=15 days vs oncologists=5 days). Conclusions: Many physicians take into account pre-existing comorbidities and their medications when prescribing nmCRPC treatments. Differences in perceived QOL were observed between physician specialty. These findings highlight the importance of considering therapies that lessen the treatment burden in nmCRPC. [Table: see text]

The Penology of the Talmud

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim H. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Sociology Of Punishment ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact

Penology, or the science of punishment, has three different aspects: the technique of punishment, or the character of the various punitive measures and the means by which they are enforced and implemented; the psychology of punishment, probing into the function of punitive action, both in so far as the victim, that is the person punished, is affected, and in so far as such action is calculated to satisfy the needs or purposes of the punishing authority; and the sociology of punishment allocating to penal activity its place (as part of the legal institutional framework) in the social, economic and political life of the community. All these aspects are interconnected, and the view generally advocated (though hardly proven as yet) is that they are also interdependent: the psychological effect as well as the sociological impact of any given penalty depends, it is held, on the nature of the penalty concerned and the manner in which it is implemented. The fact cannot, however, sufficiently be stressed that any such interdependence is not, as a rule, preconceived or planned in advance. It is for the historian of penal law or penology to establish on the statistical or other data what has, in fact, been the effect or the impact of any particular punishment in any given period or community. But the penologist is not necessarily either historian or statistician. While, like the lawyer, he builds on institutions which have come down from the past, neither his theorization nor his planning is bound by precedent or past experience, and he may well dismiss the past as one great error which exists only to be rectified or eliminated. This being so, for a penology to develop it is not necessary that there should be any practical experience with the effect and impact of punishments actually imposed. It is true that in the absence of such practical experience, penology will remain an exercise in theorization and planning, not unlike the exercises in “utopian” and idealistic legislation which have occupied so many geniuses in the past; but that does not derogate from the validity of, and the scientific attention due to, the reasons and considerations underlying the theories propounded.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on the Social- Economic Situation: Evidence from the Gambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 168-177
Author(s):  
Ebrima K. Ceesay
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Open Borders ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the social and economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia. The data used in this paper was generated from online survey questionnaire, in which the participants were asked about certain questions in which coronavirus affect social and economic in the Gambia. The questionnaire was designed to help Gambia to understand covid-19 impacts on their social and economic situation. The results of this study reveal that coronavirus pandemic affected the people in the Gambia in a number of ways; 1) 84 percent said they should not open borders to more countries while only 16 percent said they should open borders.   2)  In the Gambia, 61 percent of the respondents said the environmental factor that is serious hit due to covid-19 outbreak is the energy sector. 3)  44.2 percent of the respondent said that covid-19 will have fluctuation in growing on the GDP and trade in the Gambia. 4)  Due the serious impact of covid-19 on the societies, 48.8 percent of the respondent in the Gambia said they are very worried that they or someone in their family will be exposed to the coronavirus outbreak. 5) 70.5 percent of the respondent said the outbreak will have negative impact in the economy of the Gambia.  6) As the result generated from the survey, 58 percent of the respondent said in the Gambia, due to covid-19 the recession will happen over the next year.   7) 65.4 percent of the respondents said government implemented an education response for continue of learning in the Gambia while educational institutions are closed.8) 55.1 percent of the respondent said their enterprise used online learning programmes and resources and 32. 1 percent said their enterprise used video conferencing tools and 15.4 percent said their organization used printed materials such as new papers or posters and 9 percent said multimedia including podcasts and YouTube and  6.4 percent, which is the least said TV are used for staff development and training during covid-19 pandemic.9) 50 percent of the respondent to this question of the survey said their organization had planned new training programmes or activities in response to the covid-19 e.g University of the Gambia training their staffs for quality teaching and learning for their students. The implication of the results from this online survey is that it has serious impacts in the Gambia especially in economic situation, employment, consumption, investment and energy. Another policy implication is that, high co2 emission will affect national parks, wildlife and forests’, and poverty, food insecurity and hunger will rises and poor agriculture, the domestic and international migration will be reduces, remittances reduces and those left behind will be seriously affected in terms of health, food security, education, energy and so on especially women, children, elderly and disable that are left behind.

Evaluation of Burnout in a National Sample of Hematology-Oncology Pharmacists

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison P. Golbach ◽  
Kristen B. McCullough ◽  
Scott A. Soefje ◽  
Kristin C. Mara ◽  
Tait D. Shanafelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Intent To Leave ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Administrative Tasks ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of burnout among hematology-oncology pharmacists and factors associated with an increased risk of high burnout. METHODS: Between October and November 2020, members of the Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy Association were invited to complete an anonymous survey. Questions included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Well-Being Index, and sociodemographic and occupational factors linked with burnout. RESULTS: Of 3,024 pharmacists contacted, 614 pharmacists (20.3%) responded to an online survey and 550 (18.2% of overall sample) completed the MBI and were included for analysis. Overall, high levels of burnout were observed in 61.8% of respondents based on the MBI, with 57.9% of respondents scoring high on the emotional exhaustion domain and 31.3% high in the depersonalization domain. Pharmacists with burnout worked on average 48.6 (±9.6) hours per week compared with 44.5 (±9.6) hours per week for those without high burnout and spent more time on administrative tasks per week (7.5 hours v 4.3 hours; all P < .001). Pharmacists reporting high burnout were more likely to report concern they had made a major medication error within the past 3 months (27.6% v 8.1%; P < .001) and greater intent to leave their current job within 2 years (60.3% v 19.0%; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Burnout is prevalent among hematology-oncology pharmacists and may affect both patient safety and the adequacy of the workforce. Risk factors for burnout among hematology-oncology pharmacists in this study may be targets for burnout mitigation and prevention strategies to reduce the impact on pharmacists and improve cancer care for patients.

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