Wear of Dry Sliding Al 6061-T6 Alloy Under Different Loading Conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Srinivasula Reddy I. ◽  
Vadivuchezhian Kaliveeran
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Al 6061 ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Pin On Disk

In the present work, wear of Al 6061-T6 alloy under different normal loads, sliding speeds and temperatures was investigated. Pin on disk type tribometer was used to conduct dry sliding experiments. Different load combinations comprising of normal loads (1 kg, 1.5 kg and 2 kg), sliding speeds (1.25 m/s, 2 m/s and 3 m/s) and temperatures (room temperature (31 ± 1 °C), 60 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C) were applied during dry sliding experiments. Adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms were observed in dry sliding of Al 6061-T6 alloy contacts from the microscopic analysis of worn contact surfaces. The wear rate was more influenced by increase in normal load than increase in sliding speed and temperature. Under normal loads of 1 kg and 1.5 kg, Al 6061-T6 alloy showed better wear resistance at higher temperatures when compared to that at room temperature.

INVESTIGATION ON DRY SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOR OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE-REINFORCED MAGNESIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150106
Author(s):  
P. C. ELUMALAI ◽  
R. GANESH
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Significant Change

In this work, the dry sliding wear behaviors of pure monolithic magnesium and magnesium–titanium dioxide (Mg–TiO2) composites were studied using pin-on-disc tribometer against an oil-hardened nonshrinking die steel (OHNS) counter-disc with a normal load of 0.5–2[Formula: see text]kg and a sliding velocity of 1.5–2.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] with the sliding distance and wear track diameter of 1500[Formula: see text]m and 90[Formula: see text]mm, respectively. The pin samples were characterized for their microstructural, nanomechanical and tribological properties such as wear rate, coefficient of friction and wear fractographs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the worn-out surfaces of each pin sample in order to identify the different types of wear and wear mechanisms and the chemical constituents of each element were quantified by energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The influence of TiO2 reinforcements on the nanomechanical behavior was studied by nanoindentation technique. As compared with pure Mg, the nanoindentation strengths of Mg–1.5TiO2, Mg–2.5TiO2 and Mg–5TiO2 composites were found to increase by 11.9%, 22.2% and 35.8%, respectively, which was due to the addition of TiO2 particles and also due to the good bonding at the interface of TiO2 and magnesium particles. From the wear test results, a significant change in wear rate was observed with the change in normal load than that of sliding speed, whereas a significant change in coefficient of friction was noticed with the changes in both normal load and sliding velocity. The dominant wear mechanisms involved under the testing conditions were identified through plotting the contour maps and SEM fractographs. Also, from the fractographs it was noticed that delamination and plowing effect have been the significant wear mechanisms observed during low wear rate of samples, whereas melting, delamination and oxidation wear have been observed during high wear rate of pure Mg and its composites.

Effect of TiC Content on Friction and Wear Behavior of Al-TiC Composites

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnesh Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Wear Tests

The Al-TiC composites containing three different volume fractions 0.07, 0.12 and 0.18 of TiC have been fabricated and wear characteristics of Al-TiC composites have been investigated under dry sliding. Dry sliding wear tests have been carried out using a pin-on-disk wear tester at normal loads of 9.8, 14.7, 19.6 and 24.5 N and at a constant sliding velocity of 1.0 m/s. The wear rate has been found to vary linearly following Archard’s law. The wear rate is significantly lower in composites as compared to that in base material. The wear mechanism appears to be primarily oxidative under the test conditions taken in the present investigation. Average coefficient of friction also decreases linearly with increasing normal load and volume fraction of TiC.

Investigation of the Wear Behavior of AA6082 Against Different Counterparts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiye İpek Ayvaz ◽  
Mehmet Ayvaz
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Oxidation Wear

In this study, the effect of different counterparts on the wear resistance of AA6082 aluminum alloy was investigated. In tests using pin-on-disk method, 6 mm diameter Al2O3, 100Cr6 and WC-6Co balls were used as counterparts. The tests were carried out using 500 m sliding distance and 5N load. The lowest specific wear rate was measured as 7.58x10-4 mm3/Nm in WC-6Co / AA6082 couple, and the highest value was measured as 9.71x10-4 mm3/Nm in 100Cr6/AA6082 couple. In the Al2O3/AA6082 couple, the specific wear rate of the AA6082-T6 sample was determined as 8.23x10-4 mm3/Nm.While it was observed that the dominant wear type in the 100Cr6/AA6082 pair was abrasive wear, oxidation wear and oxide tribofilm were detected in the WC-6Co/AA6082 and Al2O3/AA6082 couple besides the abrasive wear.

Improving the Wear Resistance of Aluminum Fly Ash Composites by Multipass Friction Stir Processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shueiwan Henry Juang ◽  
Liang Jing Fan ◽  
Hsu Shuo Chang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Friction Stir

In this study, the multi-pass friction stir processing (MP-FSP) technique was performed on ADC6 aluminum alloy + 5 wt% fly ash composite (A5FC) castings to increase their surface area. The dry sliding wear behaviors of the ADC6 alloy, A5FCs, and MP-FSPed A5FCs were evaluated. Dry sliding wear tests were performed using a ring-on-washer machine at a constant rotation speed of 100 rpm for 60 min, and the normal load was 10, 20, 30, and 40 N. The results showed that the MP-FSPed A5FCs had the lowest wear rates in the load range from 10 to 40 N, and adhesive wear was the major wear mechanism in these tests. The increased wear resistance was mainly due to grain refinement and elimination of casting defects after subjecting the ash composite to MP-FSP. The microstructure of the MP-FSPed A5FCs reveals that the sizes of the added raw fly ash particles decreased from micro-to nanoscale levels, and the nanoscale fly ash was uniformly dispersed in the aluminum matrix.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanobainite Content on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of an Al-Alloyed High Carbon Steel with Nanobainitic Microstructure

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohuan Song ◽  
Songhao Zhao ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Junjie Sun ◽  
Yingjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Peak Hardness ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
High Carbon

In this work, a multiphase microstructure consisting of nanobainte, martensite, undissolved spherical carbide, and retained blocky austenite has been prepared in an Al-alloyed high carbon steel. The effect of the amount of nanobainite on the dry sliding wear behavior of the steel is studied using a pin-on-disc tester with loads ranging from 25–75 N. The results show that, there is no significant differences in specific wear rate (SWR) for samples with various amounts of nanobainite when the normal load is 25 N. While, the SWR firstly decreases and then increases with increasing the amount of nanobainite, and the optimum wear resistance is obtained for samples with 60 vol.% nanobainite, when the applied load increases to 50 and 75 N. The improved wear resistance is attributed to the peak hardness increment resulted from the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, work hardening, along with amorphization and nanocrystallization of the worn surface. In addition, the highest toughness of the samples with 60 vol.% nanobainite is also proven to play a positive role in resisting sliding wear. EDS (energy dispersion spectrum) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) examinations reveal that the predominant failure mechanism is oxidative wear.

scholarly journals Tribological Characterization of Micron-/Nano-Sized WC-9%Co Cemented Carbides Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering at Elevated Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Wohaibi ◽  
Abdul Mohammed ◽  
Tahar Laoui ◽  
Abbas Hakeem ◽  
Akeem Adesina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Track Area

The present study investigates the high temperature tribological performance of spark plasma sintered, nano- and micron-sized tungsten carbide (WC) bonded by 9 wt.% cobalt (Co). The composites were fabricated using a two-step procedure of mixing followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Ball-on-disc wear tests were conducted at a normal load of 30 N, linear speed of 0.1 m/s under dry conditions and at three different temperatures (room temperature, 300 °C and 600 °C). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), optical profilometry and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface morphology and the wear track area. At room temperature, it was observed that the nano-sized WC composites exhibited better wear resistance than the micron-sized WC composites. The wear resistance of the nano-sized samples declined significantly relative to that of the micron-sized samples with an increase in temperature. This decline in performance was attributed to the higher surface area of nano-sized WC particles, which underwent rapid oxidation at elevated temperatures, resulting in poor wear resistance. The wear rate observed at 600 °C for the micron-sized WC composites was 75% lower than that of the nano-sized cemented carbide. Oxidative wear was observed to be the predominant wear mechanism for both cemented carbide samples at elevated temperatures.

Friction and Wear Performance of Double Fraction Palm Olein Lubricant Using Pin-on-Disk Tribometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Noorawzi Nuraliza
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Worn Surface

In the present of analysis, the wear rate and friction coefficient of various material is investigated and it were compared below the result of sliding speed wherever the equipment pin on disk machine has been used. Experiments were carried out with 2 totally different pins fabricated from aluminum alloy (AA5083) and pure aluminum (A1100). Experiments were conducted at normal load in step with according to testing, 10 N with totally different sliding speed 1, 3, 5 m/s ,continuous flow lubricating substance, double fraction palm olein (DFPO). The result shows that the material from pure aluminum higher material compared to the aluminum alloy in sliding condition. The morphology of the worn surface was ascertained using high optical research. The magnitude of the friction constant and wear rate are totally different in material depending on the speeds and additionally material.

Tribological Investigations of Parts Sintered and Coated by Laser Beam

2005 ◽  
Vol 473-474 ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sebestyén ◽  
Gábor Buza ◽  
F. Franek ◽  
János Takács ◽  
Zoltán Kálazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Short Carbon

In this work we intend to investigate the surface properties of laser sintered and coated parts, by measurement of friction coefficient and wear rate. The main aim of this research is to justify laser sintered prototype tools for injection molding of fibre-reinforced polymers. For increase of wear resistance we used hard Co-based and Fe-based coatings on laser-sintered phosphorous bronze and unalloyed steel substrate. Short carbon- and glass-fibre-reinforced polymers were used as counter bodies. For the tribological laboratory model tests a pin-on-disk test rig was used. In case of coated parts – with higher wear resistance – we used a cylinder-on-cylinder tribometer. The tribological properties were determined at different load conditions. Our results show that the friction coefficient and wear resistance of laser treated surfaces are good. The coefficient of friction of coated specimens is slightly less, but the wear rate is significantly less.

scholarly journals Friction Resistance of Refined, Bleached and Deodorized (RBD) Palm Olein Using Modified Pin-on-disk Tribotester

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Izhan ◽  
A. K. Mohammed Rafiq ◽  
S. Syahrullail
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Friction Resistance ◽  
Rbd Palm Olein ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Wear Friction ◽  
Pin On Disk

Daya geseran untuk minyak sawit olein yang ditapis, diluntur dan dinyahbau (RBD olein) telah dinilai dengan menggunakan alat tribotester pin-atas-cakera. RBD olein telah dipilih kerana sifat-sifat unggul tribologi dan pengeluarannya yang besar di Malaysia. Dalam kajian ini, 5ml minyak RBD olein telah digunakan pada cakera beralur. Pin yang mempunyai hujung rata telah digunakan sebagai bahan ujikaji. Cakera dan pin diperbuat daripada titanium alloy. Beban normal yang dikenakan pada pin ialah 4.96N dan 19.68N. Ujikaji telah dijalankan selama satu jam. Kadar haus pin dan pekali geseran telah dikira. Ujikaji yang sama telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan minyak hidraulik komersial dan minyak mineral jenis parafinik yang tidak mengandungi bahan tambah. Pekali geseran yang dihasilkan oleh pelinciran minyak sawit RBD olein adalah terendah berbanding minyak mineral parafinik pada kedua-dua jenis beban(4.96N dan 19.68N). Bagaimanapun, minyak sawit RBD olein menunjukkan kadar haus yang tinggi berbanding minyak mineral parafinik pada beban normal 19.68N. Kata kunci: Pin-atas-cakera; minyak sawit; palm olein; haus; pekali geseran A friction resistance of refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein was evaluated using a modified pin-on-disk tribotester. RBD palm olein was selected due to its superior tribological properties and large production in Malaysia. In this research, 5ml of RBD palm olein was applied on the rotating grooved-disk. The flat-ended pin was used as a specimen. The material was titanium for both pin and disk. The normal loads applied are 4.96N and 19.68N. The experiments were run for one hour. The wear rate of the pin and friction coefficient was calculated. Same experiments were conducted using commercial hydraulic oil and additive-free paraffinic mineral oil. The results were compared with RBD palm olein. The friction coefficient with the lubrication of RBD palm olein was the lowest for 4.96N and 19.68N under normal load conditions. Wear rate obtained by RBD palm olein at normal load 4.96N was the lowest; however, RBD palm olein showed a high wear rate when high normal load (19.68N) was applied. Keywords: Pin-on-disk; palm oil; palm olein; wear; friction coefficient

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis for Wear Performance in Dry Sliding of Epoxy/Glass/PTW Composites Using Full Factorial Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sudheer ◽  
Ravikantha Prabhu ◽  
K. Raju ◽  
Thirumaleshwara Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Full Factorial

The dry sliding friction and wear behavior of epoxy hybrid composites reinforced with glass fibers and a varying amount of potassium titanate whiskers (PTWs) fabricated by vacuum hand layup method were studied. The influence of normal load, sliding velocity, and whisker content on both friction coefficient and specific wear rate was investigated on a pin-on-disc machine. The tests were conducted at ambient conditions based on the 3 × 3 (3 factors at 3 levels) full factorial design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to obtain the contribution of control parameters on friction coefficient and wear rate. The density and hardness of the composites were found to be enhanced with the PTW loading. The friction coefficient and wear resistance of the hybrid composites were found to be improved with the whisker content and were also greatly influenced by normal load and sliding velocity. A correlation between dry sliding wear behaviors of composites with wear parameters was obtained by multiple regressions. The worn out surface of selected samples was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify wear mechanisms. This study revealed that the addition of the ceramic microfillers such as PTW improves the wear performance of the epoxy/glass polymer composites significantly.

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