The Joker on the Couch

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Joel West
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Alan Moore

Do tests for various mental illnesses work? How reliable are they and how well do they capture what we call “mental illness?” Since the infamous comic book character, the Joker, has often been called a “psychopath,” and this psychopathy is, culturally, conflated with mental illness, how would a model of the Joker be diagnosed using the current standard tools for psychiatric diagnosis? The authors tested this model Joker against DSM-5, ICD-10 and the PCL-R. They then discussed the results of these tests and concluded that the Joker as captured in Alan Moore and Brian Bolland's The Killing Joke is a psychopath according to current medical and psychiatric models. They also discussed issues with the models of mental illness used by these tests.

On reification of mental illness: Historical and conceptual issues from Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler to DSM-5

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Neurobiological Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Scientific Value

Reification is the assumption that mental illnesses exist independent of the observer’s conceptualization. The present debate usually addresses naturalistic reification, i.e., the definition of mental illness as an empirically detectable neurobiological dysfunction. This chapter discusses Kraepelin’s and Bleuler’s views on nosology and the position of current operationalized diagnoses (DSM-5, ICD-10), delineating recent debate on the relevance of new research technologies.There are two main conclusions: (1) “Mental illness” always refers to a concept, not to a given thing. This does not reduce the scientific value of neurobiological research: If subjective and interpersonal phenomena are acknowledged although they do not fit into a strictly naturalistic framework, sound neurobiological research will be promoted, not hampered. (2) Diagnostic and therapeutic processes in psychiatry require human interaction, so any model of mental illness must address interpersonality. Recent phenomenological concepts support this view and it seems particularly promising to reevaluate the philosophical approaches of Kant and Fichte in this respect.

scholarly journals Depression and the Devil of Hell's Kitchen: Exploring How Mental Illness Is Depicted in Daredevil Comic Books

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaeem Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Illness Narratives ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Graphic Medicine ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Devil

This MRP explores how depression is depicted in Marvel’s Daredevil comic books through multimodal metaphors. It seeks to answer the following research questions: 1) How do the visual, textual, and spatial elements in Daredevil comic books work together to communicate depression? 2) What role does depression play within each Daredevil comic book narrative? A close reading was conducted to analyze how depression was communicated in two Daredevil comic books that explicitly discuss depression. This project found that characters discussed their mental illness experience through chaos and quest illness narratives, using a combination of visual and textual metaphors. Their accounts resembled medical representations of depression symptoms. The depiction of mental illness within the two Daredevil comics suggests that mainstream American superhero comics can both depict mental illnesses in a medically accurate manner and present them as authentic character experiences. This MRP provides a meaningful foundation for future research that explores how mainstream American superhero comics can play a larger role in graphic medicine and mental health communication. Keywords: comics, depression, mental illness, graphic medicine, illness narratives, superhero

scholarly journals Depression and the Devil of Hell's Kitchen: Exploring How Mental Illness Is Depicted in Daredevil Comic Books

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaeem Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Illness Narratives ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Graphic Medicine ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Devil

This MRP explores how depression is depicted in Marvel’s Daredevil comic books through multimodal metaphors. It seeks to answer the following research questions: 1) How do the visual, textual, and spatial elements in Daredevil comic books work together to communicate depression? 2) What role does depression play within each Daredevil comic book narrative? A close reading was conducted to analyze how depression was communicated in two Daredevil comic books that explicitly discuss depression. This project found that characters discussed their mental illness experience through chaos and quest illness narratives, using a combination of visual and textual metaphors. Their accounts resembled medical representations of depression symptoms. The depiction of mental illness within the two Daredevil comics suggests that mainstream American superhero comics can both depict mental illnesses in a medically accurate manner and present them as authentic character experiences. This MRP provides a meaningful foundation for future research that explores how mainstream American superhero comics can play a larger role in graphic medicine and mental health communication. Keywords: comics, depression, mental illness, graphic medicine, illness narratives, superhero

Evaluation of the Applicability and Usefulness of the Latin American Guide for Psychiatric Diagnosis, Revised Version, in Comparison with other International Systems among Latin American Psychiatrists

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Esteban Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Evaluation Instrument ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The World ◽  
Icd 10

Background: The Latin American Guide to Psychiatric Diagnosis, Revised Version (GLADP-VR) represents an adaptation of the ICD-10 that seeks through a biopsychosocial approach to better reflect the holistic framework and culture of Latin American countries. This revision of the original GLADP included updated Latin American annotations and a new integrated diagnostic model centered on the person. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate among Latin American psychiatrists the levels of applicability and usefulness of the GLADP-VR in comparison with major international diagnostic classification systems. Method: The survey evaluation instrument included questions about fundamental characteristics of a useful diagnostic guide and comparative questions about the acceptability and usefulness of the GLADP-VR, the original ICD-10, DSM-IV and DSM-5, and suggestions to improve the guide. The sample included 127 Latin American psychiatrists with an interest on Diagnosis and Classification and membership in one of the 17 national psychiatric societies affiliated with Latin American Psychiatric Association (APAL). They were sent the evaluation instrument by e-mail. Thirty-seven (29.1%) responses were obtained. There were no indications of demographic bias among respondents and no-respondents.The vast majority of respondents answered the questionnaire completely. Ninety-two percent reported knowing the GLADP-VR before the survey and 65.6% had actually used it before.Results: The most commonly used diagnostic system was the original ICD-10 (86.5%), followed by the GLADP-VR (56.8%). Regarding applicability, the diagnostic system recognized as the most user-friendly was the ICD-10 followed by the GLADP-VR, with the most difficult being the DSM-5. Concerning diagnostic accuracy, the GLADP-VR was found most useful; and the DSM-5 was least useful. Regarding usefulness for clinical care and professional practice, the ICD-10 was rated highest, followed by the GLADP-VR, and lowest was DSM-5. The least valued in this regard was the DSM-5. Regarding usefulness for yielding a complete view of the clinical situation, the GLADP-VR was best (83.3%), and DSM-5 was the lowest. Concerning cultural and psychosocial contextualization, the GLADP-VR was considered most useful, well above ICD-10 and the DSMs. Furthermore, the GLADP-VR was considered more useful for teaching and research by about 80% of psychiatrists, superior to the other diagnostic systems.Discussion: The findings of this study on the most prevalent use of ICD-10 are consistent with the results of a survey conducted earlier by the World Psychiatric Association across the world. In addition, in the present study less than half of the respondents used regularly the DSMs. The findings of the present study concerning the GLADP-VR were quite consistent with the corresponding findings of an earlier preliminary evaluation of the GLADP-VR. This seems to be related to the GLADP-VR comprehensive personalized diagnostic formulation with various components, including narratives. Conclusions: There are indications that the GLADP-VR is seen in Latin America as having higher diagnostic accuracy, yielding a comprehensive view of the clinical situation and its context, and more suitable for teaching, research, and work in community mental health.

scholarly journals Mapping the literature on parents with mental illness, across psychiatric sub-disciplines: a bibliometric review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Njål Andersen ◽  
Ingunn Olea Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Parents With Mental Illness

Abstract Background Research on parental mental illness is often carried out in disorder specific research silos. Drawing on the different research areas, it is possible to leverage and combine existing knowledge, and identify insights that can be transferred across research areas. In this study, we identify the overarching structure of research on parents with psychiatric disorders, and the structure of the different research areas, as defined by psychiatric disorder groups in ICD-10, and identify both topics that are commonly examined, and topics that received attention in only a few of the research areas. Methods We use bibliometric science mapping to examine keywords in 16,734 articles, showing the overarching structure of research on parents with mental illness, both overall and within ICD-10 psychiatric disorder categories. The search was conducted using the Scopus database for journal articles published between 1999 and 2018, with no restrictions on language. Results Co-occurrence analysis of the keywords in the 16,734 articles on parental mental illnesses in different psychiatric disorder categories, indicate there are six general themes in the literature: ‘expectant mothers and early motherhood’, ‘substance use and abuse’, ‘Socio-economic status’ (SES) and support practices’, ‘biomedical research‘, ‘diagnoses, symptoms and treatment’, and ‘child–parent interaction and context’. Although the same themes are covered in different areas, the contexts, in terms of content and relation to other topics, vary between the research areas. Some topics are heavily researched in some areas, but seem to be neglected in others. Conclusions This study provides data both in interactive maps and an extensive table, allowing readers to dive deep into their topic of interest, and examine how this connects to other topics, which may in turn guide identification of important gaps in the literature, and ultimately inspire and generate novel research avenues.

Psychiatric morbidity in the male sentenced Irish prisons population

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dearbhla Duffy ◽  
Sally Linehan ◽  
Harry G Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Icd 10

AbstractBackground:This is the first epidemiologically representative cross-sectional study of psychiatric morbidity using research diagnostic instruments in sentenced prisoners in Ireland.Objective:To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and psychiatric service requirements.Method:We interviewed 340 men serving a fixed sentence (14.6% of total) and 98 men serving a life sentence (82% of total). Prisoners were drawn from 15 different prisons using a random stratified sampling method. Mental illness and substance misuse was measured using the SADS-L, SODQ and a structured interview to generate ICD-10-DCR diagnoses.Results:We found a high prevalence of mental illness. Our six month prevalence for psychosis (2.7%) was similar to an international meta-analysis. We found a significantly higher prevalence of psychosis in life sentenced prisoners (6.1%) compared to fixed sentenced prisoners (1.8%). Drugs and alcohol problems were very prevalent.Conclusions:Using the six month prevalence figures found for psychosis, we estimate that there are approximately 79 sentenced male prisoners with a severe mental illness who would require treatment in hospital additional to current provision. We discuss the relationship between drug availability and the prevalence of severe mental illnesses in prisons.

Onlinesucht – Realität auch ohne offizielle Diagnose

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Neuenschwander
Keyword(s):  
Soziale Netzwerke ◽  
Klinische Praxis ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Empirische Studien ◽  
Digitale Medien ◽  
Icd 10

Digitale Medien sind mittlerweile unentbehrlich in Schule, Beruf, Familie und Freizeit und durchdringen unseren Alltag immer stärker. Dazu vermögen sie die Menschen aller Altersstufen zu faszinieren dank vielfältiger und immer neuer Nutzungsmöglichkeiten für Kommunikation, Unterhaltung und Spiel. Von großer Relevanz sind diesbezüglich insbesondere soziale Netzwerke und Onlinespiele, an denen sich täglich Millionen beteiligen. Der Großteil der Bevölkerung nutzt diese interaktiven Medien funktional, selbstbestimmt und genussvoll. Andererseits belegen empirische Studien, dass eine Minderheit von 1 % bis 6 % ein dysfunktionales, suchtartiges Verhalten zeigt, typischerweise bei der Onlinekommunikation, beim Computerspiel oder beim Konsum von erotisch-pornografischem Bildmaterial. Das Störungsbild „Onlinesucht“ ist zwar eine Realität, figuriert bisher aber nicht als offizielle Diagnose in den Klassifikationssystemen ICD-10 und DSM-5. Die Fachdiskussion über die nosologische Einordnung des Störungsbildes ist noch im Gang. Für die klinische Praxis existieren allerdings bereits jetzt valide diagnostische Hilfestellungen. Da das zur Verfügung stehende professionelle Beratungs- und Therapieangebot nur spärlich in Anspruch genommen wird, kommt der medizinischen Grundversorgung für die Früherkennung und Triage hinsichtlich adäquater Interventionen eine wichtige Bedeutung zu. Im deutschsprachigen Raum stehen verschiedene webbasierte Plattformen für Prävention, Beratung und Therapie zur Verfügung.

Abhängigkeitspotenzial und andere Risiken von Opioidanalgetika im Alter

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk K. Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Psychische Störungen ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Alte Menschen ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Übersicht über Suchtpotenzial und andere Risiken von Opioidanalgetika im höheren Lebensalter. Methodik: Narrativ review. Literaturrecherche in PubMed (Suchbegriffe: opioid analgesics UND abuse; opioid analgesics UND dependence; opioid analgesics UND addiction; opioid analgesics UND adverse effects; jeweils UND elderly) sowie aktuellen einschlägigen Standardwerken; Auswahl nach altersmedizinischer Relevanz und Aktualität. Ergebnisse: Die Verordnung von Opioidanalgetika (OA) hat in den letzten 25 Jahren massiv zugenommen, die weitaus meisten Verordnungen entfallen auf alte Menschen und Menschen mit chronischen Nicht-Tumorschmerzen (CNTS). Die diagnostischen Kriterien für die Opiatabhängigkeit in ICD-10 und DSM-5 sind für die OA-Behandlung von CNTS ungeeignet. Bei langfristiger OA-Behandlung bei CNTS kann eine spezifische Form von Abhängigkeit entstehen, die nicht mit der illegalen Opiat-(Heroin-)Sucht gleichzusetzen ist. Vorbestehende Suchterkrankungen und andere psychische Störungen sind die wesentlichsten Risikofaktoren. Weitere Nebenwirkungen sind zu beachten. Schmerztherapie bei Suchtkranken stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Anwendung von OA bei CNTS verlangt eine sorgfältige Indikationsstellung. Die besondere Form der Abhängigkeit von OA ist nicht ausreichend erforscht und wird zu wenig beachtet.

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

Autismus-Spektrum Störung nach DSM-5

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Freitag
Keyword(s):  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Die Autismus-Spektrum Störung (ASS) wird in DSM-5 als eine Erkrankung aus den ICD-10 bzw. DSM-IV TR-Diagnosen frühkindlicher Autismus, Asperger Syndrom und atypischer Autismus/PDD-nos zusammengefasst und weist entsprechend revidierte Kriterien auf. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden diese Kriterien vergleichend dargestellt, Studien zu Validität und Reliabilität der neuen ASS-Diagnose präsentiert und offene Fragen diskutiert. Ein Ausblick auf die klinische und wissenschaftliche Bedeutung wird gegeben.

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