Chinese Manufacturing

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Zhu ◽  
Linyan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Manufacturing Strategy ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
New Business ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Double Digit

In the past three decades, Chinese economy has been arresting the worldwide attention for its double-digit growth rate. Playing a leading part in general economic development, Chinese manufacturing has been contributing a substantial portion in the total GDP growth. However, a national key project, the Research of China National Manufacturing Strategy, has found in the last several years that Chinese manufacturing has already lost its competitiveness due to the void of cheap labor force (New Labor Law in China), the rising costs of raw materials and energies, and the more rigid requirements for environmental protection. Chinese manufacturing has met its Waterloo and calls for an urgent business transformation if it wants to survive and sustain its development. Based on fundamental research, authors of this paper propose a new business conceptual model, SERVICE-MANUFACTURING, which focuses on the seamless marriage of service and manufacturing and how this new model can be implemented in real business practices.

Chinese Manufacturing

2013 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Valerie Zhu ◽  
Linyan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Manufacturing Strategy ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
New Business ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Double Digit

In the past three decades, Chinese economy has been arresting the worldwide attention for its double-digit growth rate. Playing a leading part in general economic development, Chinese manufacturing has been contributing a substantial portion in the total GDP growth. However, a national key project, the Research of China National Manufacturing Strategy, has found in the last several years that Chinese manufacturing has already lost its competitiveness due to the void of cheap labor force (New Labor Law in China), the rising costs of raw materials and energies, and the more rigid requirements for environmental protection. Chinese manufacturing has met its Waterloo and calls for an urgent business transformation if it wants to survive and sustain its development. Based on fundamental research, authors of this paper propose a new business conceptual model, SERVICE-MANUFACTURING, which focuses on the seamless marriage of service and manufacturing and how this new model can be implemented in real business practices.

Chinese Manufacturing

2012 ◽  
pp. 1028-1042
Author(s):  
Valerie Zhu ◽  
Linyan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Manufacturing Strategy ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
New Business ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Double Digit

In the past three decades, Chinese economy has been arresting the worldwide attention for its double-digit growth rate. Playing a leading part in general economic development, Chinese manufacturing has been contributing a substantial portion in the total GDP growth. However, a national key project, the Research of China National Manufacturing Strategy, has found in the last several years that Chinese manufacturing has already lost its competitiveness due to the void of cheap labor force (New Labor Law in China), the rising costs of raw materials and energies, and the more rigid requirements for environmental protection. Chinese manufacturing has met its Waterloo and calls for an urgent business transformation if it wants to survive and sustain its development. Based on fundamental research, authors of this paper propose a new business conceptual model, SERVICE-MANUFACTURING, which focuses on the seamless marriage of service and manufacturing and how this new model can be implemented in real business practices.

Innovation enhancement in family business SMEs in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Addae-Boateng ◽  
Smile Gavua Dzisi
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Family businesses are essential for economic growth and development through new business start-ups (entrepreneurship) and growth of existing ones. As competition is fierce, the ability of a company to buoy up its business practices and exceed its own – and its competition’s – expectations through innovation – is critical to survival. In managing family businesses (mostly small and medium-sized enterprises [SMEs]) in the current globally competitive landscape, entrepreneurs must be creative and behave in ways that galvanize workers to be innovative. This study attempts to ascertain the strategies management adopt to heighten innovation in family businesses. Design/methodology/approach Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used for gathering and analysing data based upon which conclusions were drawn. Findings The study revealed that seven factors should be assessed by SMEs that are family firms to determine the innovative ideas that are promising to be pursued, which are the uniqueness of the idea, its market potential, cost, expert advice, the impact of both current and future environmental forces, availability of raw materials and supplies and the idea’s future appeal. Originality/value This is perhaps the first detailed study of strategies that could be adopted by entrepreneurs and/or managers to heighten innovation in small and medium family firms, which also points out the factors/criteria used to determine which initiatives have higher chances of success – hence deserving to be pursued.

Energy Efficiency and Economic Development in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujie Yao ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Tyler Rooker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
China’S Growth ◽  
The Eu

China is now the world's second largest economy, and it is expected to overtake the United States to become the largest by 2020. What are the implications for the global environment and climate change if China surpasses the United States? There are major concerns with China's rapid rise because its economic and industrial structure is increasingly dependent on the consumption of energy, raw materials, and electricity. In 2010, China's GDP was approximately 40 percent of the United States' GDP, yet it was the world's largest polluter and the biggest consumer of energy and electricity. This implies that the energy efficiency of the Chinese economy measured by energy consumption per unit of GDP is about one-third of that of the United States and one-fourth that of the EU and Japan. If the Chinese economy continues to grow as fast as it has in the past, without changing its structure and improving energy efficiency, China's growth will cause severe damage to the global environment. This paper analyzes the evolution of energy efficiency in the Chinese economy and stresses the importance of transforming China's economic structure.

China's Economy: Rebounded in 2012, Gearing up for Rebalancing in 2013 and Beyond

2013 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
John WONG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Double Digit ◽  
China’S Growth ◽  
China’S Economy

The Chinese economy experienced serious slowdown for the greater part of 2012 as a result of export slump. It rebounded in Quarter 4 and ended 2012 with around 7.8% along with 2.6% inflation. The slowdown signals the end of China's era of double-digit rates of growth and precipitated government efforts to step up macroeconomic rebalancing by boosting domestic demand-led growth, a departure from the past investment-driven growth. The year 2012 marks a critical shift in China's growth pattern.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sarika ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽  
Taleb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

The J. C. Richardson Lecture: Prospects for Canadian Medical Neurology

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Consultation Service ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Research

In 1975, medical neurology is a well established, viable, growing specialty in Canada. There are now almost 250 neurologists scattered across the country, congregated largely in the hospitals associated with our 16 medical schools. Neurology is a major component of the undergraduate curriculum in each of these schools, and the majority of schools are approved for postgraduate training in our specialty. The Royal College has certified an average of 18 new neurologists each year for the past five years. In our hospitals we work closely with our internist and neurosurgical colleagues and we receive the support of highly competent teams of neuropathologists, clinical electrophysiologists and neuroradiologists. We believe that we provide a generally high standard of consultation service to our medical and surgical colleagues. We accept direct responsibility for patients suffering from a host of acute neurological problems, but we accept long term responsibility for very few. We do a great deal of teaching at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. In fact, the major role which neurology plays in undergraduate curricula, and the stimulus of postgraduate education, probably have been the two most influential factors shaping the number, work patterns and distribution of Canadian neurologists. Many of us are engaged in clinical investigation, but relatively few medical neurologists in Canada make fundamental research contributions.

Exercise Physiology From 1980 to 2020: Application of the Natural Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jane A. Kent ◽  
Kate L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The field of exercise physiology has enjoyed tremendous growth in the past 40 years. With its foundations in the natural sciences, it is an interdisciplinary field that is highly relevant to human performance and health. The focus of this review is on highlighting new approaches, knowledge, and opportunities that have emerged in exercise physiology over the last four decades. Key among these is the adoption of advanced technologies by exercise physiologists to address fundamental research questions, and the expansion of research topics to range from molecular to organismal, and population scales in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms and impact of physiological responses to exercise in health and disease. Collectively, these advances have ensured the position of the field as a partner in generating new knowledge across many scientific and health disciplines.

Chinese Breakthrough into Latin America

2012 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
E. Dabagyan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
American Continent ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Multilateral Agreements

The article deals with a number of problems associated with the growing presence of China in the Latin American continent. The author emphasizes that mutual interest is based on economic factors. In particular, the rapidly developing Chinese economy needs more raw materials and agricultural products, which are available in abundance in Latin America. At the same time, the countries of the continent are interested in freeing from orientation solely to the United States and in a diversification of external relations. The present bilateral and multilateral agreements and treaties between China and Latin America showed a strengthening of trade and economic cooperation. But Beijing's strategy is based on a model of exchange of raw materials to finished products. This causes some resentment on the part of Latin American experts and entrepreneurs.

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