E-Commerce Growth and the Changing Structure of the Retail Sales Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Ramcharran
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Retail Sales ◽  
Sales Industry ◽  
Demand Stability ◽  
Strategic Policies ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Recent studies of the growth in e-commerce retail sales examine mainly supply side factors, such as the application of information technology, low transaction costs etc. The author uses an empirical model that provides evidence of significant demand side factors which also help explain structural changes in the industry. Based on quarterly data from 1999 Q4 to 2010 Q3, the econometric results indicate an e-commerce sales elasticity of 9.36 and a non-e-commerce sales elasticity of (2.63), indicating a more dynamic and competitive internet market. Evidence of more demand stability for e-commerce sales is also provided. The policy implications for growing e-commerce sales necessitate strategic policies for planned expenditures on R&D and investments in information technology as well as the efficient use of store space by traditional retailers. The use of income elasticity differential for analyzing competition between these two sectors provides an alternative method to price differential used in previous studies.

Reform in the Rail and Electricity sectors in Russia: Restructuring, Competition and the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Experience ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Sectors

The Russian Federation is in the process of making major structural changes to its railway and electricity sectors. Both sectors will be at least partly vertically disintegrated, with the aim of creating competition in the “upstream” sector while maintaining state ownership and control of the monopoly “grid”. This paper examines the details of reform and restructuring in the context of the international experience with reform and restructuring in these two sectors, and considers the role of the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy in reform, both in the past as an “advocate for competition” within the government, and in the future as the guarantor of non-discriminatory access to the grids by non-integrated upstream producers.

scholarly journals Work hard, fit in, and applaud her: Women developers blogging about their lived experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 136787792094102
Author(s):  
Annika Richterich
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Who Code

Women are under-represented in information technology (IT) professions, globally. It is widely discussed that there is an urgent need to tackle this issue by bringing more women into the IT industry. However, the spotlight is less often put on women currently working as developers in male-dominated environments. How do these women experience their work and deal with problems? International non-profit initiatives such as Women who Code (WwC) aim not only at supporting women in training for and entering IT professions: they also advise them in their daily lives and struggles as developers. Using this network and its blog as a case study, I show that the WwC bloggers are faced with contradictory work norms and experiences. They tend to resort to pragmatic advice, focused on DIY problem solving, and shouldered individual responsibility rather than highlighting systemic failures. This tendency shows similarities to neoliberal feminist rationales and speaks to the need for (re)emphasizing the need for structural changes within the broader discourse concerning women developers.

Balancing Obligations and Self-Interest: Humanitarian Program Settlers in the Australian Labor Market

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Australian Economy ◽  
Market Opportunities

Technological and structural changes in the Australian economy have led to a decline in unskilled and semi-skilled employment and this has had a marked effect on labor market opportunities for immigrants. Educational qualifications and English language skills have become increasingly important factors influencing labor market success. With absorptive capacity for the overall immigration program defined more in economic terms, changes have been made to the selection criteria for immigrants. Greater priority is currently given to those with skills and English language proficiency. No such emphasis has been given to the selection criteria for settlers admitted under Australia's humanitarian program. This paper reviews the labor market experience of humanitarian program arrivals and considers the policy implications of high levels of unemployment among this group. It is suggested that humanitarian obligations do not end with entry to Australia, and it is in the interests of the receiving society and humanitarian program arrivals for greater public investment in skills development to help improve labor market outcomes among this group.

scholarly journals Structural changes in the beef meat demand in Slovakia and demand elasticity estimation

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hupková ◽  
P. Bielik ◽  
N. Turčeková
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Meat Demand ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Price And Income Elasticities ◽  
Consumer Habits

The article focuses on assessing the consumer habits attitudes and behaviour towards the beef meat demand. The main objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of the households’ beef meat consumption using the main economic factors. Determining and analysis of consumer behaviour on the individual household categories level and the subsequent comparison of impact factors on consumer decision will give us an assumption to the complex understanding of the consumer behaviour determinants. We used panel data to estimate the beef meat demand in Slovakia. The data were obtained from the Household Budget Survey of the Slovak Statistical Office. The estimates of price and income elasticities of the beef meat demand are also obtained. The results indicate that the food patterns development in Slovakia during the past two decades has undergone rapid structural changes. The declining beef meat consumption is influenced mainly by the decreasing purchasing power and the occurrence of the BSE disease. According to the elasticity estimation results, we can state that the beef meat demand is price and income inelastic. Key words: beef meat consumption, households’ consumption, price elasticity, income elasticity. BSE disease

Futures of science with and for society: towards transformative policy orientations

foresight ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen van Oost ◽  
Stefan Kuhlmann ◽  
Gonzalo Ordóñez-Matamoros ◽  
Peter Stegmaier
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Intelligence ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Analytical Step ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Strategic Policies ◽  
Responsible Research ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose How to derive policy implications from five future scenarios of transformed research and innovation (R&I) systems? This paper analyzes methodological and content issues of five future scenarios of transformed R&I systems. The aim of this paper is to provide an outlook on strategic policies capable of facilitating or moderating these transformative changes in R&I practices is discussed in light of overarching intentions to foster “responsible” ambitions (in Europe and beyond, discussed as responsible research and innovation, RRI). Design/methodology/approach The paper elaborates a four-step methodology to assess the scenario’s policy implications: first, by articulating the scenario implications for six core dimensions of R&I systems; second, an RRI assessment framework is developed to assess in each scenario opportunities and limitations for transforming R&I systems towards responsibility goals; the third involves a cross-scenario analysis of similarities and differences between the scenarios, allowing the identification of robust policy options that make sense in more than one scenario. The last analytical step includes again the richness of the individual scenario assessments aiming to provide a broader outlook on transformative policy orientations. Findings The paper concludes with outlining the contours of a future-responsible R&I system together with some suggestions for transformative policy orientations that aim to govern the R&I system towards such a future, as a source of inspiration and reflection. Research limitations/implications The analysis is based on five future scenarios that do not systematically cover future developments external to the R&I system. Practical Implications An outlook of strategic policies capable of facilitating or moderating these transformative changes in R&I practices is discussed in light of the overarching European Union goal of encouraging the performance of RRI. Originality/value This paper provides inspirational anticipatory strategic intelligence for fostering the responsible ambitions of research with and for society.

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