The Synthesis of Stochastic Circuits for Nanoscale Computation

Emerging technologies for nanoscale computation such as self-assembled nanowire arrays present specific challenges for logic synthesis. On the one hand, they provide an unprecedented density of bits with a high degree of parallelism. On the other hand, they are characterized by high defect rates. Also they often exhibit inherent randomness in the interconnects due to the stochastic nature of self-assembly. We describe a general method for synthesizing logic that exploits both the parallelism and the random effects. Our approach is based on stochastic computation with parallel bit streams. Circuits are synthesized through functional decomposition with symbolic data structures called multiplicative binary moment diagrams. Synthesis produces designs with randomized parallel components—and operations and multiplexing—that are readily implemented in nanowire crossbar arrays. Synthesis results for benchmarks circuits show that our technique maps circuit designs onto nanowire arrays effectively.

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The Synthesis of Stochastic Circuits for Nanoscale Computation

Theoretical and Technological Advancements in Nanotechnology and Molecular Computation ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-186-7.ch018 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 279-294

Author(s):

Weikang Qian ◽

John Backes ◽

Marc D. Riedel

Keyword(s):

Data Structures ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Logic Synthesis ◽

Nanowire Arrays ◽

The Other ◽

Stochastic Nature ◽

Symbolic Data ◽

The One ◽

High Degree ◽

Stochastic Circuits

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El Prestige: comparativa de los regímenes internacionales de responsabilidad civil

Studies of Applied Economics ◽

10.25115/eea.v37i3.2771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Raquel Fernández González ◽

Marcos Íñigo Pérez Pérez

Keyword(s):

Institutional Economics ◽

Geographical Area ◽

New Institutional Economics ◽

Rigorous Analysis ◽

Judicial Process ◽

Main Research ◽

Civil Responsibility ◽

The One ◽

High Degree ◽

The Prestige

The return of institutions to the main research agenda has highlighted the importance of rules in economic analysis. The New Institutional Economics has allowed a better understanding of the case studies that concern different areas of knowledge, also the one concerning the management of natural resources. In this article, the institutional analysis focuses on the maritime domain, where two large civil liability regimes for pollution coexist (OPA 90-IMO), each in a different geographical area (United States - Europe). Therefore, a comparative analysis is made between the two large regimes of civil responsibility assignment applying them to the Prestige catastrophe. In this way, the allocation and distribution of responsibilities in the investigation and subsequent judicial process of the Prestige is compared with an alternative scenario in which the applicable compensation instruments are governed by the provisions of the Oil Polution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), in order to establish a rigorous analysis on the effects that the different norms can have in the same scenario. In the comparative established in the case of the Prestige, where the responsibilities were solved very slowly in a judicial process with high transaction costs, the application of rules governed by the OPA 90 would not count with such a high degree of imperfection. This is so, since by applying the preponderance of the evidence existing in OPA 90 there would be no mitigation for the presumed culprits. On the other hand, the agents involved in the sinking would not be limited only to the owner, but also that operators or shipowners would be responsible as well. In addition, the amount of compensation would increase when counting in the damage count the personal damages, the taxes without perceiving and the ecological damage caused in a broad sense, damages not computable in the IMO.

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Investigation of Au SAMs Photoclick Derivatization by PM-IRRAS

10.26434/chemrxiv.11347976 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Workentin ◽

François Lagugné-Labarthet ◽

Sidney Legge

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Materials Science ◽

Fibroblast Cell ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Chemical System ◽

Infrared Reflection ◽

Assembled Monolayers ◽

One Step ◽

High Degree

In this work we present a clean one-step process for modifying headgroups of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold using photo-enabled click chemistry. A thiolated, cyclopropenone-caged strained alkyne precursor was first functionalized onto a flat gold substrate through self-assembly. Exposure of the cyclopropenone SAM to UV-A light initiated the efficient photochemical decarbonylation of the cyclopropenone moiety, revealing the strained alkyne capable of undergoing the interfacial strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). Irradiated SAMs were derivatized with a series of model azides with varied hydrophobicity to demonstrate the generality of this chemical system for the modification and fine-tuning of the surface chemistry on gold substrates. SAMs were characterized at each step with polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) to confirm successful functionalization and reactivity. Furthermore, to showcase the compatibility of this approach with biochemical applications, cyclopropenone SAMs were irradiated and modified with azide-bearing cell adhesion peptides to promote human fibroblast cell adhesion, then imaged by live cell fluorescence microscopy. Thus, the “photoclick” methodology reported here represents an improved, versatile, catalyst-free protocol that allows for a high degree of control over the modification of material surfaces, with applicability in materials science as well as biochemistry.<br>

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Nucleation of Ga droplets self-assembly on GaAs(111)A substrates

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86339-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Artur Tuktamyshev ◽

Alexey Fedorov ◽

Sergio Bietti ◽

Stefano Vichi ◽

Riccardo Tambone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Cluster Size ◽

Droplet Size Distribution ◽

Local Environment ◽

The Self ◽

Critical Cluster ◽

Droplet Nucleation ◽

High Degree

AbstractWe investigated the nucleation of Ga droplets on singular GaAs(111)A substrates in the view of their use as the seeds for the self-assembled droplet epitaxial quantum dots. A small critical cluster size of 1–2 atoms characterizes the droplet nucleation. Low values of the Hopkins-Skellam index (as low as 0.35) demonstrate a high degree of a spatial order of the droplet ensemble. Around $$350\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 350 ∘ C the droplet size distribution becomes bimodal. We attribute this observation to the interplay between the local environment and the limitation to the adatom surface diffusion introduced by the Ehrlich–Schwöbel barrier at the terrace edges.

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Parallel One-Step Control of Parametrised Boolean Networks

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9050560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 560 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luboš Brim ◽

Samuel Pastva ◽

David Šafránek ◽

Eva Šmijáková

Keyword(s):

Control Problem ◽

Boolean Networks ◽

Actual State ◽

Worst Case ◽

Symbolic Data ◽

One Step ◽

The One ◽

Step Control ◽

Symbolic Algorithm ◽

Naive Approach

Boolean network (BN) is a simple model widely used to study complex dynamic behaviour of biological systems. Nonetheless, it might be difficult to gather enough data to precisely capture the behavior of a biological system into a set of Boolean functions. These issues can be dealt with to some extent using parametrised Boolean networks (ParBNs), as this model allows leaving some update functions unspecified. In our work, we attack the control problem for ParBNs with asynchronous semantics. While there is an extensive work on controlling BNs without parameters, the problem of control for ParBNs has not been in fact addressed yet. The goal of control is to ensure the stabilisation of a system in a given state using as few interventions as possible. There are many ways to control BN dynamics. Here, we consider the one-step approach in which the system is instantaneously perturbed out of its actual state. A naïve approach to handle control of ParBNs is using parameter scan and solve the control problem for each parameter valuation separately using known techniques for non-parametrised BNs. This approach is however highly inefficient as the parameter space of ParBNs grows doubly exponentially in the worst case. We propose a novel semi-symbolic algorithm for the one-step control problem of ParBNs, that builds on symbolic data structures to avoid scanning individual parameters. We evaluate the performance of our approach on real biological models.

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Comparison of a Chaotic Cryptosystem with Other Cryptography Systems

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.3745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 6187-6190

Author(s):

A. S. Alshammari

Keyword(s):

Stream Cipher ◽

Security Level ◽

Brute Force ◽

Randomness Test ◽

Symmetric Key ◽

The One ◽

Symmetric Key Cryptography ◽

High Degree

The keyspace of a cryptography system must be long enough in order to protect it from brute force attacks. The One-Time Pad (OTP) encryption is unconditionally secure because of its truly random keystream that is used only once. This paper proposes a new chaotic symmetric cryptosystem approach, comparable to OTP. The proposed system utilizes two Lorenz generators, a main and an auxiliary, where the aim of the second one is to make one of the main Lorenz generator’s parameters to vary continually with time in a chaotic manner. This technique was built on digitizing two Lorenz chaotic models to increase the security level. The scrambling scheme was developed and the Lorenz stream cipher binary stream successfully passed the NIST randomness test. The cryptosystem showed a high degree of security, as it had a keyspace of 2576, and it was compared with existing symmetric key cryptography systems, such as DES, 3DES, AES, Blowfish, and OTP.

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Nanoparticulate targeted drug delivery systems - A Review

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 2505-2518

Author(s):

Sindhuja Devaraj ◽

Ganesh GNK

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Drug Targeting ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Therapeutic Index ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Developing System ◽

General Method

Nanoparticulate drug delivery system are the rapidly developing system, and nanoparticles are present in the size range of 1-100nm. Nanoparticles composed of various thermal, electrical, and optical property. Nanoparticles offers the potential advantages over the traditional dosage forms it is ascribable to the properties of nanoparticles. Nanoparticulate drug delivery system ensures the site-specific delivery of a drug(Targeting drug delivery) and aids in improving the efficacy of the new as well as old drugs and has the potential in crossing the various physiological barriers and also improves the therapeutic index of the drugs and increases the patient compliance. The objectives of this review is to classify the nanoparticles based on the different groups, surface properties of nanoparticles, describe the strategies of drug targeting, the necessity of nanoparticles their general method of preparation, different methods used in characterization, self- assembly and mechanism of drug release in a systemic manner. The potential advantages and limitations of various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are also discussed elaborately.

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Personal Agency Features of Younger Adolescents with A High Degree Of Passion for Computer Games

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.17020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.14) ◽

pp. 331

Author(s):

Anna Viktorovna Grishina ◽

Elena Nikolaevna Volkova

Keyword(s):

Computer Games ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Personal Agency ◽

Modern Life ◽

Number Of Children ◽

The Social ◽

Computer Club ◽

Minimum Age ◽

The One ◽

High Degree

In the era of intensive informatization of society, computer becomes an integral part of the modern life of the younger teenagers. In Russia, the number of children spending time in front of monitors, playing computer games at home or in a computer club, increases every day. According to Entermedia LLC, the percentage of sales of computer games increases by 50% annually. Currently, 23% of the population of Russia plays computer games, at that the minimum age for a computer player is two years.Strengthening polarization regarding children's interest to computer games becomes one of the most important problems. What is meant here is the fact that, on the one hand, there are adolescents, whose interest in computer games is quite sustainable, while, on the other hand, there are also schoolchildren experiencing mild interest or no interest at all to computer games. The relevance of the present work is determined by the social danger of the phenomenon called high passion for computer games, which deforms, and sometimes blocks the development of the most important personal entities [3, 5, 9, 12, 15]. In this regard, the investigation of the features of personal agency in younger adolescents, which is responsible for the self-regulation of behavior and activity of a subject, is of particular importance.

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Self-Assembly and Hierarchical Patterning of Aligned Organic Nanowire Arrays by Solvent Evaporation on Substrates with Patterned Wettability

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ◽

10.1021/am4012885 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 5757-5762 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Rong-Rong Bao ◽

Cheng-Yi Zhang ◽

Xiu-Juan Zhang ◽

Xue-Mei Ou ◽

Chun-Sing Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Solvent Evaporation ◽

Nanowire Arrays

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Conclusion

The Platonism of Walter Pater ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198848530.003.0008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 242-252

Author(s):

Adam Lee

Keyword(s):

Daily Basis ◽

The Many ◽

The One ◽

The Right ◽

High Degree ◽

Suspension Of Judgement ◽

Enduring Power

At the close of Pater’s career, then, one can summarize the broad strokes of his Platonism. He calls it a tendency and a temper; but it is really a critical acuity for negotiating or reconciling the paradox of opposites one sees on a daily basis, such as the many and the one, or the finite in the infinite, the recognition of form in matter, which in the right balance is beauty. Calling it a tendency emphasizes its enduring power in a person’s personality. It is taking seriously the importance of love in Platonism that opens Pater’s teaching up to charges of a peculiar or idiosyncratic form of the philosophy. Platonically, his aestheticism is the desire to possess beauty, and begins with the very things around us, possessing a high degree of form, becoming rarer and rarer, more select, as one learns to identify better instances of it and his taste advances. Because he is a lover and philosopher at once, he progresses up the Platonic ladder with enthusiasm for visible ideas and knowledge of Dialectic, which relies on scepticism, or a suspension of judgement, which is both a suspension of belief and disbelief. Because he becomes ...

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