scholarly journals Evaluation of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization and Inoculation With Diazotrophic Bacterium

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi ◽  
Jucinei de Souza Fernandes ◽  
Alves Alexandre Alovisi ◽  
Luana Gonçalves Perondi ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen fertilization provides a great response in pasture productivity and quality but, after applied to the soil, this element undergoes several transformations, what increase its losses. To minimize this problem, a promising alternative currently suggested is diazotrophic bacteria use, which can contribute to a greater use of nitrogen by plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses with and without inoculation of seeds with Azospirillum brasilense on the structural characteristics, chemical composition, and mass production of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk. The experimental design was completely randomized, arranged in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of forage seed inoculation or not with Azospirillum and five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1). The variables analyzed were plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), SDM/RDM ratio, chlorophyll index, nutrient content in forage shoot, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and nitrogen use efficiency. The inoculation of forage seeds with A. brasilense associated with nitrogen doses up to 100 kg ha-1 contributed positively to dry mass, plant-shoot nutrient content and bromatological composition of U. decumbens cv. Basilisk. The inoculation of seeds of U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, with A. brasiliense, is a viable alternative for partial substitution of nitrogen fertilization.

scholarly journals Agricultural answers and chemical composition of Massai grass under different nitrogen doses and urea sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Aline Barros da Silva ◽  
Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho ◽  
Danilo Antonio Morenz ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Alex Junio dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency

Under the hypothesis that modifying nitrogen sources and doses could increase nitrogen fertilization efficiency and productivity and improve forage quality, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological composition, structural characteristics and chemical composition of Panicum maximum cv. Massai forage cultivated under different urea sources (common and coated with Policote®) and nitrogen doses (200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 year-1) during the autumn, winter and spring of 2014 and the summer and autumn of 2015. The experiment was carried out in Seropédica, RJ, under a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement (3x2) + 1 with four replications. High nitrogen rates promoted higher percentages of leaf blade dry mass and lower percentages of dead material dry mass in the forage mass and provided higher tiller population density and forage accumulation rate of Massai grass during the studied seasons. The use of coated urea promoted higher levels of crude protein in the forage than did the use of common urea in all seasons. The intensification of nitrogen fertilization reduced the nitrogen use efficiency but benefitted the structural characteristics, forage accumulation and chemical composition of Massai grass forage. The use of coated urea promoted greater of nitrogen use efficiency during all seasons of the year.

scholarly journals Biometric and Bromatological Characteristics of Brachiaria Inoculated With Azospirillum brasilense Associated With Nitrogen Fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽  
Anderson Daniel Suss ◽  
Roberto Cecatto Júnior ◽  
Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽  
Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biometric and bromatological characteristics of Urochloa ruziziensis in due to inoculation times with Azospirillum brasilense in the presence or absence of nitrogen fertilization. To do so it was used a randomized blocks design, with factorial scheme 4 × 2, where the first factor consisted the inoculation periods: control; A. brasilense in the seed; A. brasilense at tillering (aerial) and A. brasilense seed + foliar. The second factor constituted in the presence or absence of nitrogen (1000 mg dm³). Evaluations were made in the first, second and third cut, being evaluated the plant height, number of tillers per plant, leaves dry mass, culm+sheath dry mass; crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The use of nitrogen fertilization increased the productive and bromatological parameters in the crop of U. ruziziensis, however, the use of A. brasilense increased only the height of plants, not influencing the other productive characteristics and the bromatological parameters. It is concluded that the use of A. brasilense, regardless the period it was made, presents inconclusive results for biometric and bromatological characteristics of plants of Urochloa ruziziensis in need of further studies, on the other hand, the nitrogen fertilization brings positive effects over the evaluated parameters on U. ruziziensis.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF FORAGE CACTUS VARIETIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPE LIMA DE AMORIM ◽  
JANAINA AZEVEDO MARTUSCELLO ◽  
JOSÉ TEODORICO DE ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
DANIEL DE NORONHA FIGUEIREDO VIEIRA DA CUNHA ◽  
LIANA JANK
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT: Cultivars of the genus Nopalea are known in Brazil for being tolerant to cochineal carmine attacks, thus making the cultivation of this genus a promising alternative for mitigating the negative effects of this insect on the production of biomass. With the objectives of characterizing morphologically spineless forage cactus varieties and identify morphological characteristics that may be the focus in spineless forage cactus breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications. The variety Alagoas showed the highest values of weight, area and volume of cladodes. The varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and V7, Tamazunchale V12 showed the highest values of the cladode area index, the total volume of cladodes and total fresh mass production. The varieties Negro Michoacan V7 and F7 presented the highest water use efficiency and dry mass yield. Cladode volume showed the highest correlation coefficients with the fresh weight of cladodes. Aiming the release of varieties for biomass production, varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 may substitute the Miúda variety. The number and cladode area index may be used as criteria for selection of superior varieties in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization with fluid swine slurry on production and nutritive value of Tifton 85

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Vielmo ◽  
Amadeu Bona Filho ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of liquid swine slurry on dry matter accumulation rate and nutritive values (crude proten and neutral detergent fiber) of Tifton 85 grass pasture cultivated in southwestern Paraná from October 2005 to March 2006. It was used a complete random experimental design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme composed of four doses of swine slurry in the plots (0, 80, 160 and 320 m³/ha) and four consecutive cuts in the subplots of the pasture. It was carried out two applications, one in the beginning of the experiment and other after 80 days. Cuts were performed every time pasture height was 40 cm. There was a dose versus cut interaction for all variables. Swine slurry promoted increase on dry matter accumulation rate only on the first cut after its application (cuts 1 and 3). Dry matter maximal yield (24.2 t/ha) was obtained at 249 m³/ha of swine slurry manure (143 and 106 m³/ha, respectively for applications 1 and 2), corresponding to 450 kg of N/ha. Percentage of crude protein increases and neutral detergent fiber of Tifton 85 grass decreases as dose of swine slurry increases, improving forage nutritive value. Use efficiency and nitrogen recovery rate decrease with addition of swine slurry doses.

scholarly journals Replacement of soybean meal by soybean in multiple supplements for beef heifers grazing Urochloa decumbens during the dry season

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mageste de Almeida ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
Luciana Navajas Rennó ◽  
Lívia Vieira de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with soybean in multiple supplements on nutritional parameters, microbial efficiency and productive and reproductive performance of heifers grazing in <em>Urochloa decumbens </em>during the drought period. Were used 39 crossbred heifers of initial age and initial weight of 21 months and 309.5±7 kg, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments with eight replicates, and a control treatment with seven replications. Two treatments had soybean meal as the protein source and two treatments had soybean as the protein source, containing 25% and 40% crude protein. The amount of supplement offered was 1.0 kg/animal/day. The animals of the control group received only mineral salt <em>ad libitum</em>. The supplemented animals had higher average daily gain (ADG) than control animals (P&lt;0.10), and there was no difference in ADG among the supplements (P&gt;0.10). There was an effect of supplementation (P &lt;0.10) on intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDF). There were no differences (P&gt;0.10) on intake of OM and DM grazing between the supplemented and non-supplemented. Supplementation improved DM digestibility and all constituents of the diet (P&lt;0.10). It was found that the provision of multiple supplements optimizes the performance of heifers grazing during the dry season, and that the substitution of soybean meal by soybean did not improve productive performance of animals.</p>

scholarly journals Replacement of soybean meal by soybean in multiple supplements for beef heifers grazing Urochloa decumbens during the dry season

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4601
Author(s):  
Daniel Mageste de Almeida ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
Luciana Navajas Rennó ◽  
Lívia Vieira de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with soybean in multiple supplements on nutritional parameters, microbial efficiency and productive and reproductive performance of heifers grazing in Urochloa decumbens during the drought period. Were used 39 crossbred heifers of initial age and initial weight of 21 months and 309.5±7 kg, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments with eight replicates, and a control treatment with seven replications. Two treatments had soybean meal as the protein source and two treatments had soybean as the protein source, containing 25% and 40% crude protein. The amount of supplement offered was 1.0 kg/animal/day. The animals of the control group received only mineral salt ad libitum. The supplemented animals had higher average daily gain (ADG) than control animals (P<0.10), and there was no difference in ADG among the supplements (P>0.10). There was an effect of supplementation (P <0.10) on intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDF). There were no differences (P>0.10) on intake of OM and DM grazing between the supplemented and non-supplemented. Supplementation improved DM digestibility and all constituents of the diet (P<0.10). It was found that the provision of multiple supplements optimizes the performance of heifers grazing during the dry season, and that the substitution of soybean meal by soybean did not improve productive performance of animals

scholarly journals SHOOT DRY WEIGHT YIELD, BROMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ALFALFA CULTIVARS IN TROPICAL CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-438
Author(s):  
Adônis Moreira ◽  
Reinaldo Paula Ferreira ◽  
Duarte Vilela ◽  
Larissa Alexandra Cardoso Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Improvement to animal genetics requires the supply of superior quality forage, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Under tropical and subtropical conditions in Brazil, alfalfa cultivation has been restricted to the 'Crioula' cultivar, although studies have indicated that other cultivars have excellent potential of yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptation and longevity of 92 alfalfa cultivars to the tropical edaphoclimatic conditions by assessing shoot dry weight yield (SDWY), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and nutrient content in SDWY. The 'Crioula', 'P 105', 'Rio Grande', and 'Springfield' cultivars were the most promising owing to their higher yield and lower reduction in SDWY. Crude protein (CP) content varied among cultivars, with the highest value found in 'Pro INTA Lujan' (24.5%) and the lowest found in 'Pecos' (18.8%). NDF content ranged from 25.8% ('Key II') to 38.7% ('California 50'), while ADF content ranged from 16.4% ('F 708') to 24.8% ('Diamond'). Nutrient levels of all cultivars were within the levels considered appropriate for tropical conditions.

scholarly journals Production and quality of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48304
Author(s):  
Charles Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Itamar Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Augusto Alves Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentative Process

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry mass production, fermentative parameters and chemical and bromatological composition of sunflower silage and Paiaguas palisadegrass silage in monocropped and intercropping in different forage systems. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of silage forage systems: sunflower monocropped; Paiaguas palisadegrass monocropped; sunflower row-intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; sunflower inter-row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; and sunflower oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass, totalizing 20 experimental silos. Sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass were harvested at 110 days after planting at 20 cm from the soil for silage, using brush cutter. The silos were opened after 53 days of fermentation. The rows and inter-row intercropped systems contributed to increase the mass production of the ensiled material. The monocropped sunflower silage had higher values of pH, ethereal extract and acid detergent fiber and lower values of titratable acidity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility values. The silages of the sunflower intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in forage systems of crop-livestock integration presented better fermentative and bromatological characteristics, guaranteeing an adequate fermentative process and nutritional quality. In this way, the intercropping of these two forages potentiates the production of silage for feeding of ruminants during the period of forage shortage.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen fertilization on protein and carbohydrate fractions of Marandu palisadegrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhaony Gonçalves Leite ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Natália Vilas Boas Fonseca ◽  
Maria Luisa Curvelo Silva ◽  
Luís Orlindo Tedeschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

AbstractThe effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization levels on protein and carbohydrate fractions in Marandu palisadegrass pasture [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster] were investigated in a pasture over five years. The experimental design was completely randomized with four levels of N (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha-1, as urea) for five years, and with three replicates. The study was conducted in a continuously stocked pasture during the forage growing season (December to April) in a tropical region. The effects of N fertilization were similar across the five years. With increasing N fertilization, the concentrations of crude protein (CP) increased from 103 to 173 g kg−1 (P < 0.001), soluble fractions (Fraction A + B1) increased from 363 to 434 g kg−1 of total CP (P = 0.006); neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased from 609 to 556 g kg−1 (P = 0.037); indigestible NDF (P = 0.046), potentially degradable neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.037), and acid detergent fiber decreased (P = 0.05), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) increased (P < 0.001). Increasing N fertilization decreased the concentrations of Fraction C (P = 0.014) and total carbohydrates (P < 0.0001), and increased CP:organic matter digestibility (P < 0.01). Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber free of ash and protein (P = 0.003), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber potentially degradable (P = 0.11), CP (P < 0.001), Fraction A + B1 (P < 0.001), Fraction B2 (P < 0.001), Fraction B3 (P < 0.01), and non-structural carbohydrates differed (P < 0.001) across years. Therefore, N fertilization can be used to increase CP, soluble protein, and TDN.

scholarly journals Nutrient content, fiber fraction and ethanol production of three cultivars (Pennisetum purpureum Scumach.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Dwi Ananta ◽  
Zaenal Bachruddin ◽  
Bambang Suhartanto ◽  
Chusnul Hanim
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Fiber Fraction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Range Test

This study aimed to determine nutrient content, fiber fraction, and ethanol production of three cultivars Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Cultivars: tifton, king Thailand and local. The design of this study completed a randomized design of three Pennisetum purpureum Schumach cultivars, with three replications for each dose.Grasses were planted with space 1x1 m and then divided into three plots. Variables observed in the study included nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and nitrogen-free extract), fiber fraction (crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) and ethanol production. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance as completed randomized design and continued with Duncan’s new multiple range test for any difference detected. The results showed that cultivar’s variety of napiergrass was significant (P<0.05) on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ethanol production. King Thailand produced the highest dry matter (20.82%), crude protein (11.85%), neutral detergent fiber (69.55%), and ethanol production (55, 90 l/ton). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that napiergrass cultivars give different results on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ethanol production. The best cultivar is King Thailand because it has the highest value on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ethanol production.

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