scholarly journals Cantor's dilemma: approximations between experimentation, literature and natural sciences teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e45389
Author(s):  
Fabio Peres Gonçalves ◽  
Elisa Prestes Massena
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Social Nature

Research indicates the potential of literary works to be used in teaching natural sciences. This text deals with Carl Djerassi's Cantor’s dilemma (1991), a material that portrait intrigues from the academic world in the form of fiction. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential of this work for the approach of experimentation in training natural sciences teachers from various fields. The work was analyzed according to the procedures of the discursive textual analysis and two emergent categories were constructed: ‘epistemological issues associated to experimentation’ and ‘the laboratory diary in scientific activity’. The analysis pointed out the potential of the work to favor the debate regarding: the function of experimentation in the refutation/confirmation of hypotheses and their social nature; the non-reduction of the work with experiments to the action in the laboratory; the association between experimentation and error; and writing in laboratory journals and related aspects.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chodat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
High Modernism ◽  
Normative Concepts ◽  
Unique Experience

Literary works since the rise of high modernism have been intensely hostile to abstract generalization, and have focused attention on the unique experience and singular expression. This nominalist impulse—summed up in the cry “show, don’t tell!”—has encouraged a deep wariness toward broad normative concepts: “good,” “bad,” “courage,” “justice,” etc. More than is often recognized, however, this literary skepticism parallels the skepticism toward such concepts in the natural sciences, which accords no place to such abstract “high words” in a world of matter and calculable motions. Against this dual literary and scientific inheritance, the postwar sage offers a “weak realism” about normative concepts and a “reflective” mode of composition: a movement between the particular and the general, art and argument. Such a literary–intellectual project is risky, and opens the sage to charges of sentimentalism. Closely attending to their works, however, suggests that we should avoid entering this protest too quickly.

scholarly journals INDIGO DALAM NOVEL SUPERNOVA AKAR KARYA DEE LESTARI: KAJIAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA

EDU-KATA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Erna Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Subject

The background of this research is many indigo events in the community and many indigo literary works. Indigo research in the  “Indigo dalam Novel Supernova Akar Karya Dee Lestari:Tinjauan Psikologi Sastra,” first aims to find the description of the indigo abilities experienced by the characters, secodly to find the causes of indigo experienced by characters, and thirdly to find out the type of indigo experienced by characters in the Supernova Akar. The research includes qualitative descriptive research on data analysis techniques using textual analysis or text analysis. The subject of this study is a character in the Supernova Akar. The result of research that is narated by Dee lestari source are; 1)levitasi, 2) procegnition, 30 psicometri, 4) teleportasi, and 5) clayvoyance. Indigo causes experienced by characters in the Supernova Akar are; 1) a gift from God, 2) from offspring, and from training. The type of indigo experienced by characters in the Supernova Akar are; humanis and artis.

Interpretation and the Hypothetico-Deductive Method: A Dilemma

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Folde
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Normative Claim ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
To Come ◽  
Interpretation Of Literature

AbstractThe Norwegian philosopher Dagfinn Føllesdal and his German colleague Heide Göttner argued independently from one another that the interpretation of literary texts proceeds by the hypothetico-deductive method. In this paper I critically examine their view. My interest, however, is systematic rather than exegetical. After elucidating the claim and working through some case studies, I discuss several objections raised in the debate. My central point is that the view runs into a dilemma: there is no variant of the view which is both tenable and capable of showing that the interpretation of literature is a respectable scientific activity.Among other things Føllesdal (1979) and Göttner (1973) argue that the justification of hypotheses in interpretations of works of literature proceeds by the hypothetico-deductive method. I refer to this as the HD-view. Systematically, it has much to offer. If interpretation is hypothetico-deductive, then it seems to inherit all the alleged merits of this method: exactness, intersubjectivity, reliability, and rationality, among other things. Interpreting literary works would turn out to be a proper scientific activity subject to the same general standards as, say, experimental physics. The interpretation of literary works is thereby demystified and rendered comprehensible. Also, the HD-view would speak in favor of the idea that all empirical science is equal, unified by a single method and the same general goals, among them, arguably, pursuing the truth and generating knowledge.In the first section of my paper I elucidate the HD-view in more detail. The key element of the view is the hypothetico-deductive method. The idea of the HD-method is roughly this. One forms a hypothesis which often cannot be directly verified (e. g., all ravens are black), deduces from this hypothesis in conjunction with auxiliary assumptions (e. g., this is a raven) all kinds of empirical consequences (e. g., this raven is black), and checks these consequences: observation either confirms or disconfirms them. If the consequences are disconfirmed, the hypothesis (or the auxiliary assumptions) should be discarded. If, however, the consequences are confirmed, the hypothesis (and the auxiliary assumptions) is also confirmed (to a certain degree) – it fits in with our experience. Importantly, the HD-method concerns not the genesis but the justification of a hypothesis.After pointing out some of the philosophical issues surrounding the HD-method, I distinguish several variants of the HD-view that will play a role when assessing the objections directed against it. Finally, I discuss issues that arise when transferring the HD-method to the interpretation of literature, such as the role of hypotheses, auxiliary assumptions, data and observation.The second part of my paper concerns Føllesdal’s and Göttner’s case studies and their positive arguments for the HD-view. I go through their examples (interpretations of Ibsen’sThe third and final section addresses several objections that have been raised against the HD-view. Some argue that the view is too strict: other methods of justification are used in interpretations. Others argue that the view is too broad: some (kinds of) interpretation hypotheses cannot be justified by the HD-method. A third objection has it that the view fails because some interpretations cannot, even in principle, be (dis)confirmed. Some take the view to be a false descriptive claim. Others take it as a misguided normative claim. Finally, the view is said to be insufficient because it does not supply criteria to decide between rival interpretations. None of these objections is found to be fatal. However, the HD-view must be modified to circumvent each objection. These modifications result in the following variant of the view: the justification of empirical hypotheses in argumentative interpretations of literary works can be reconstructed as proceeding, among other things, by the HD-method.Although this claim seems tenable it is far from the original view. This would not be a problem, if it were to meet the main goal the HD-view was meant to achieve, viz. show that the interpretation of literary works is a kosher scientific activity. Unfortunately, the modified variant does not deliver the goods. Only a fragment of all interpretations of literary works conducted in literary studies is rendered scientific. This result does not do justice to scientific practice. And it does not offer a methodology for all interpretations.The result is a dilemma: the modified version of the HD-view is correct but misses its goal whereas the original version does meet this goal but is incorrect. The choice is between admitting that the project failed and saying something false.The second horn of the dilemma – meeting the goal but saying something false – is no option for a rational being. Thus, friends of the original idea should opt for the first horn: admit that the project has failed and make something of the modified variant.One way to go is to become revisionary and claim that only a fraction of all interpretations conducted in literary studies is actually scientific. This entails a ban from science for a bulk of current interpretative practice. I am not aware of anyone in the literature who defends this position. It is certainly not the position of Føllesdal or Göttner. And it faces the problem of explaining why the interpretations characterized by it are the only scientific ones.I conclude that it is still a desideratum of literary studies to come up with a convincing methodology of interpretation.

scholarly journals Ekokritik dalam Sastra Indonesia: Kajian Sastra yang Memihak

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Novita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Social Contribution

Literary studies of high quality require at least two things: (1) an increase on the weight and depth of appreciation of the literary works under investigation, and (2) the study’s social contribution towards the factual problems in society. The study of literature should involve the production of useful knowledge, instead of formal academic compliance. This paper is to discuss one possible type of study on Indonesian literature, i.e. ecocritical reading of literature. When examined closely through today’s politically contextual lenses and the implications thereof, Indonesian literature on environment and literary filmization can result in useful and referential knowledge. Studies of this kind differ significantly in terms of quality from a mere textual analysis of literary works with a brief, shallow description of some literary terminologies that function only as scientific embellishments. The objective of this article, therefore, is to discuss studies on Indonesian Literature using Ecocriticism as one possible trajectory to transform society.

scholarly journals TO PROBLEM OF EXAMINING ANIMALISTIC SYMBOLISM IN THE POETRY OF IVAN ZLATOKUDR

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Nemchenko I.V.
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Observation Selection ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
Historical Epoch

Purpose. Many writers from various epochs and countries have been admirers and propagandists of the bestiary space. The purpose of the work is to analyze the animalistic images and symbols in the Ukrainian poet Ivan Zlatokudr’s lyrics in the late of 20th and early 21st century.Methods. The elements of the following methods are used in the research: cultural and historical (helps to investigate the functions of poet’s lyrical images in the process of representation of the features of Ukrainian national nature and historical epoch), aesthetic (allows analyzing each text as a phenomenon of literature and art), miphological (for coverage of reproduction of miphological images by poet), hermeneutic (ensures free and open interpretation of texts with the possibility for new explanations), biographic (helps to describe autobiographic markers in the writer's literary works), descriptive (systematization of various elements of the animalistic space in the lyrics of the poet), intertextual (links between writer’s poems and folklore songs and literary general tradition), textual analysis (for coverage of the animalistic motifs and images of Zlatokudr’s collection). The research is based on the general methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, selection and systematization of the material.Results. The author of this article represented the results of literary analysis accomplished over the texts of Ivan Zlatokudr with animalistic motifs and images. The symbols of a horse, dog, cow, ox, sheep, cat, deer, wolf, fox, bear and other animals play an important role in the creation of the artistic image of the world in the writer’s version and show his psychology. The article finds out that Ivan Zlatokudr has delicate understanding of bestiarial space. The effect of a hero’s co-living with the environment depicted by the author, with the animalistic environment in particular, is characteristic of writer’s lyrical collection. Ivan Zlatokudr’s works combine real and fairy plans, have characteristics of legends, tales and mysteries. The poet’s bestiarial dimension deepens understanding of nature and difficult world of human relations and feelings and it has national and similarity sounding. Мета. Бестіарний світ приваблює багатьох письменників різних часів і народів – від давнини й до сьогодення. Метою нашої статті є висвітлення особливостей творення образів-символів звірів у ліричних текстах українського поета з Польщі Івана Златокудра кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ століття.Методи. У статті використано елементи таких методів: культурно-історичного (допомагає виcвітлити функції ліричної образності у процесі відтворення поетом рис українського національного характеру та історичної епохи), естетичного (забезпечує розгляд творів митця як літературно-мистецького феномену), міфологічного (використовується для відстеження репродукування поетом міфологічних образів), герменевтичного (пропонується вільна інтерпретація текстів із можливістю подальших витлумачень), біографічного (простежуються риси автобіографізму в поезіях співця), описового (здійснюється систематизація різноманітних елементів анімалістичного простору в текстах поета), інтертекстуального (звертається увага на зв’язки між віршами митця й українським та світовим фольклором і літературною традицією), текстуального аналізу (застосовується для окреслення анімалістичних мотивів та образів у Златокудровому доробку). Дослідження засноване на загально-науковій методиці аналізу, синтезу, спостереження, добору та систематизації матеріалу.Результати. Автор статті репрезентує результати аналізу текстів Івана Златокудра, присвячених анімалістичним мотивам та образам. Символіка коня, собаки, корови, вола, вівці, кота, оленя, вовка, лисиці, ведмедя та інших тварин виконує важливу роль у розбудові автором художньої картини світу, сприяє розумінню його психології. Для поетичної творчості Івана Златокудра досить характерним є ефект органічного вживання ліричного героя в зображуваний світ, зокрема простір фауни рідного краю. Митець поєднує в текстах реальний і феєричний плани, переплітає дійсність із легендою, казкою, містичними уявленнями. Бестіарний вимір у поета поглиблює й розуміння природної стихії, і складність людських взаємин і почуттів, має як національне, так і загальнолюдське звучання. Висновки. Анімалістична образність у поетичній творчості Івана Златокудра закорінена у світ міфології та фольклору укра-їнського та інших народів, ґрунтується на літературних традиціях. Анімалістичні образи-символи в доробку митця відбивають особливості української ментальності, історико-культурний досвід нашого етносу, віддзеркалюють естетичні цінності нації.Ключові слова: лірика, фольклор, міфологія, зооморфні образи, анімалістична символіка.

scholarly journals Desertion and Love in Novel Gizzara (Kutunggu Kau Di Tapal Batas Kuldezen) by Fanny J.Poyk

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yeni Sulistiyani
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Program ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The People ◽  
Critical Hermeneutic ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Opposing Group ◽  
Work Family

Aims: Describe the desertion and love of characters in the novel Gizzara (I am Waiting for You at the Boundary of Kuldenzen) by Fanny J. Poyk: a critical hermeneutic study of Jurgen Habermas. Study Design: Multidisciplinary Place and Duration of Study: Graduate Program of Indonesian Bahasa and Literature Education University of Lampung, August 2019 until now Methodology: Qualitative research is some scientific activity procedures that can be used to solve problems according to different perspectives and approaches. The process of parsing and understanding the meaning of literary works is the focus of hermeneutics. Data collection techniques in this study used reading, note-taking, and literature techniques. Content analysis is used to explore the ideas expressed by writers (authors) in the form of statements, questions, and character dialogues. This technique is to understand the message of literary works. Result: Based on the discussion, Fanny has made her work as an integral part of the problems that are happening today even though it is packaged in a past dimension with dozens of characters. Desertion may occur due to the opposing group which gives a feeling of peace, comfort, and even affection and love for him. Desertion is used to escape from psychological pressure. It is different from the material pressure, Psychology requires comfort in order to live a happier and more normal life. Although, other pressures (work, family, economic, or finance) affects a person's psychology and its culmination becomes psychological pressure too. Gizzara (I am Waiting for You at the Boundary of Kuldenzen) appeared as a literary work which is not just a representation of social or cultural, but also the alienation of the people that was shown in the past. Textually and contextually, this novel displays an awareness of human unhappiness for dealing with a world as not we desire.

The Territories of Human Reason

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alister E. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Science And Religion ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Year 2000

Our understanding of human rationality has changed significantly since the year 2000, with growing emphasis placed on multiple rationalities, each adapted to the specific tasks of communities of practice. We may think of the world as an ontological unity—but we use a plurality of methods to investigate and represent this world. This development has called into question both the appeal to a universal rationality, characteristic of the Enlightenment, and also the simple ‘modern–postmodern’ binary. This work is the first major study to explore the emergence of multiple situated rationalities. It focusses on the relation of the natural sciences and Christian theology, but its approach can easily be extended to other disciplines. It provides a robust intellectual framework for discussion of transdisciplinarity, which has become a major theme in many parts of the academic world. The work offers a major reappraisal of what it means to be ‘rational’ which will have significant impact on older discussions of this theme. It explores the consequences of the seemingly inexorable move away from the notion of a single universal rationality towards a plurality of cultural and domain-specific methodologies and rationalities. What does this mean for the natural sciences? For the philosophy of science? For Christian theology? And for the exciting and important interdisciplinary field of science and religion? How can a single individual hold together scientific and religious ideas, when these arise from quite different rational approaches? This ground-breaking volume sets out to engage these questions. In doing so, it is certain to provoke intense discussion and debate.

scholarly journals Akhlak and Academic Ethics: Idealism Among Pragmatism in Community Social Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsu Nahar ◽  
Yusnaili Budianti ◽  
Qoriah Elfi Lina Safitri Ro
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Academic Ethics ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Academic World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Papers

Basically, in social life in achieving progress it is indicated that a person is able to meet the needs of a social group so that that person can contribute to society. Regardless of the intention of a person, one of the efforts made by the community to obtain education is to get a scholarship so that it gets recognition from the community about their social status. If we look at it in today's society, it seems that this view has started to shift because if we see that the award is more to a degree than from one's knowledge. This has prompted some people to take academic degrees with a path that is not in accordance with the procedure. The procedure that was followed was what damaged the social order and academic ethics. It can be said that this degree was obtained based on the objective, namely degree fever. The academic world is a forum whose process always follows academic ethics through scientific activities. Thus academic ethics is essentially a scientific activity that takes place in higher education which includes universal and developing activities. Higher education institutions must be prepared to accept criticism with mutual respect and not engage in discriminatory activities. Violations committed in academic ethics are something that damages and tarnishes the world of education. In order for these educational values to be implemented optimally, we need a rule that can control the process of implementing education; this is what is called academic ethics. The emphasis on the value of honesty in academic ethics consists of two things, namely in writing scientific papers and completing studies. Therefore, it is demanded that every education actor is systematic and comprehensive and requires commitment from various parties to fix problems in education.

The Politics of Gender Representation in Charles Bukowski’s Poetry: Between Ambivalence and Misogyny

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Chaymae Achami
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Positive Representations ◽  
Representations Of Women

The German poet and novelist Charles Bukowski has always been surrounded with controversy throughout his life. However, interestingly, it is his politics of gender representation that mostly triggers feminists and researchers together to condemn him for being misogynist, showcasing a degrading image of female characters in his prose writings. The latter genre is seemingly insufficient to directly accuse Bukowski and his literary works of misogyny. While some of his novels attest to a demeaning yet controversial representation of women, his poetry offers a nuanced version wherein heterogeneous portrayal of women becomes prevalent and therefore allowing the space for readers to encounter poems with an amalgamation of positive representations of women—being independent and intellectual. Because the misogynistic representation in Bukowski’s works is open to various interpretations, rushing into a compilation of hateful judgments concerning the author himself lacks justification and argument. In line with this background, the present paper discusses the limitations of the conclusions drawn with regard to Bukowski’s gender politics, arguing that there is a space in-between worth exploring in his literary works. Through a close reading method of textual analysis, the paper concentrates on selected poems from Bukowski’s collection Love is a Dog from Hell (1977) in order to contrast the positive and negative depiction of women. The paper, in other words, strives to bring into question the extent to which misogyny and ambivalence take roles in Bukowski’s gender representation of the female characters. The analysis undertaken has revealed significant results, in which Bukowski’s poetry comes to expose a more ambivalent and realistic approach towards gender—a reading which is highly needed in order to consider the different perspectives and possible interpretations of an author’s work before limiting it, or the author in person, to a set of stereotypical judgment.

scholarly journals B.U. RODIONOV’S HYPOTHESIS OF THREADED MATTER AND SOME OF ITS APPLICATIONS

Metaphysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
D. V Kolokolov ◽  
V. M Polyakova ◽  
V. A Panchelyuga
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Natural Sciences

The article contains a brief biography and main directions of scientific activity of the doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, member of the Russian Philosophical Society Boris Ustinovich Rodionov. A brief overview of ideas related to the threaded matter hypothesis and some of its applications to the analysis of the phenomenology of low energy nuclear reactions, the results of measurements with a fammeter, and the problem of nonlocality is given.

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