scholarly journals Evaluation of anxiety-like behaviors following ethanol withdrawal in mice: effects of cannabidiol

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e53001
Author(s):  
Letícia Pin Coltri ◽  
Vivian Tacyani Bonassoli ◽  
Humberto Milani ◽  
Rúbia Maria Weffort de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Behavioral Test ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Ethanol Dependence ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Testing Potential

The abrupt interruption of ethanol consumption increases anxiety-like behaviors in rodents and may reflect different aspects of ethanol dependence in humans. Measuring emotional behaviors resulting from ethanol withdrawal may aid in testing potential pharmacological agents for the treatment of ethanol dependence. In the present study, we used forced expositon to ethanol 20% during 10 days to mice, followed by abrupt withdrawal of the substance. The animals were evaluated 7, 24 and 35 h after ethanol withdrawal in three different behavioral paradigms, i.e., the open field (OF), light dark (LD) transition and elevated plus maze (EPM), tests usually used to measure anxiety-like behaviors. This was done with the aim of identifying the best interval as well as the most appropriate behavioral test to detect the effects of drugs that can relieve anxiety induced by ethanol withdrawal in mice. We also evaluated the effect of cannabidiol (CBD 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg) in ethanol withdrawn mice because it has been shown to alliviate drug addicton and present anti-anxiety effects. Our results show significant behavioral changes at 24 h following ethanol withdrawal. Diazepam (4 mg/kg), used as a positive control, counteracted the effects of ethanol withdrawal in OF, LD box and EPM. Cannabidiol attenuated anxiety-like behavior produced at 24 h after abstinence from ethanol exposure only in the EPM test.

Effects of Cecropia pachystachya and Larrea divaricata aqueous extracts in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Bigliani ◽  
E. Grondona ◽  
PM Zunino ◽  
AA Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Larrea Divaricata

Our studies were performed to investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of Cecropia pachystachya and Larrea divaricata. These plants are used in folkloric medicine in infusion and were administered orally (0.76 g/kg) to male Albino Swiss mice for 16 days, on drink intake, organ weight/body weight (OW/BW × 100) ratio, histology, broqueoalveolar fluid (BALF) and elevated plus-maze (EPM). Feeding as well as body weight were unaffected by the consumption of these extracts. There were no signs of toxicity in BALF, morbidity or mortality during the study. C. pachystachya caused an increase in relative kidney OW/BW (p ≤ .05 vs control). The macroscopic and microscopic morphologic analyses of the organs were not altered by administration of these plants. A non-anxiolytic-like activity of an aqueous extract prepared from the leaves of C. pachystachya and L. divaricata in EPM was observed. We conclude that the crude aqueous extracts of leaves tested on mice orally did not produce signs of toxicity or behavioral changes in routine histological and clinical evaluation. However, knowledge of the biological activity of many herbal medicine used in Latin American is still deficient and more studies will be needed to elucidate the possible toxic effects.

scholarly journals Absence of sibutramine effect on spontaneous anxiety in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana S. Frassetto ◽  
Isis O. Alves ◽  
Marislane M. Santos ◽  
Ana E. S. Schmidt ◽  
Janaína J. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Acute And Chronic Treatments

INTRODUSTION: Sibutramine has been described as a drug recommended for treatment of obesity, since it has the ability to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline in the central nervous system, thereby increasing energy expenditure. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of acute and chronic treatment with sibutramine in rats submitted to the task of the elevated plus-maze. METHODS: Diazepam was used as a positive control for the anxiolytic effect, and the task of the elevated plus-maze showed sensitivity to detect the effect. In the chronic treatment, sibutramine was ingested for a period of two months. RESULTS: The acute and chronic treatments at the studied dose, which is described to produce a maximum effect of anti-obesity in rats, did not interfere with anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The acute and chronic administration of sibutramine is not related to anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects.

Neuropharmacological evaluation of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)(3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (6g) on lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety models in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shvetank Bhatt ◽  
Radhakrishnan Mahesh ◽  
Thangaraj Devadoss ◽  
Ankur Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Light Area ◽  
Mice Brain

AbstractBackground:5-HTMethods:LPS, an endotoxin, present in the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria was injected 0.83 mg/kg, i.p. as a single dose to induce anxiety-like symptoms in mice. Compound 6g (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard fluoxetine (FLX) (20 mg/kg, p.o.) were injected to treatment groups for 7 days and evaluated in various behavioral paradigms such as elevated plus maze (EPM), light and dark (L/D) test, and open field test (OFT). Their effects on serotonin levels in mice brain were also examined.Results:The results showed that LPS induced anxiety-like symptoms in mice, as indicated by a significantly decreased percentage open arm entries and percentage time spent in open arms in EPM; decreased time spent in light area and number of transition between chambers in L/D test; decreased ambulation and rearing scores in OFT. Compound 6g (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) and FLX treatment (20 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) reversed the LPS-induced behavioral changes and significantly affected all the behavioral parameters mentioned above. In addition 6g (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) and FLX treatment (20 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) increased the levels of serotonin in mice brain.Conclusions:Compound 6g produced anxiolytic-like effects in various anxiety paradigms in LPS-treated mice as well as restored the decreased serotonin levels in mice brain.

scholarly journals Solitary Nitric Oxide Signaling Mediates Mild Stress-Induced Anxiety and Norepinephrine Release in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis during Protracted Ethanol Withdrawal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhenglin Zhao ◽  
Sang Chan Kim ◽  
Yu Jiao ◽  
Yefu Wang ◽  
Bong Hyo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Nitric Oxide Signaling ◽  
Plus Maze

Ethanol withdrawal (EtOHW) alters the pattern of neurohormonal and behavioral response toward internal and external stimuli, which mediates relapse to alcohol use even after a long period of abstinence. Increased noradrenergic signaling from the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) during EtOHW underlies withdrawal-induced anxiety, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors injected into the periaqueductal area attenuate EtOHW-induced anxiety. Therefore, this study investigated the involvement of NOS within the NTS in anxiety and increased norepinephrine (NE) release in the BNST during protracted EtOHW in rats exposed to a mild stress. Rats were intraperitoneally administered 3 g/kg/day EtOH for 21 days followed by 28 days of withdrawal, and on the 28th day of withdrawal, the rats were subjected to restraint stress for 7 minutes. The elevated plus maze test was employed to evaluate anxiety-like behavior in rats, and in vivo microdialysis was used to measure the extracellular NE level in the BNST. In elevated plus maze tests, EtOHW rats but not EtOH-naive rats exhibited anxiety-like behavior when challenged with 7-minute mild restraint stress, which was, respectively, mitigated by prior intra-NTS infusion of the nitric oxide scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO), nonselective NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). Each of these agents also decreased the plasma corticosterone levels in EtOHW rats. In in vivo microdialysis, prior intra-NTS infusion of carboxy-PTIO, L-NAME, or 7-NI attenuated the mild stress-induced NE release in the BNST of EtOHW rats. Additionally, EtOHW rats showed increased solitary nNOS gene and protein expression. Moreover, the anxiolytic effect of intra-NTS administration of 7-NI was abolished by subsequent intra-NTS administration of sodium nitroprusside. These results suggest that elevation of solitary nitric oxide signaling derived from nNOS mediates stress-precipitated anxiety and norepinephrine release in the BNST during protracted EtOHW.

scholarly journals Mikania glomerata: Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Neurochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena C. L. R. Santana ◽  
Maria R. M. Brito ◽  
George L. S. Oliveira ◽  
Antônia M. G. L. Citó ◽  
Clayton Q. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Methyl Cinnamate ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Antagonist

The present study primarily aims to identify the relative density and the fatty acids (methyl esters) content present in the standardized ethanol extract of leaves ofM. glomerata(EPMG). Meanwhile, in a second moment, this study evaluated the effects of the EPMG on the levels of amino acids in the hippocampus, and the mechanism of sedative and anxiolytic action. Adult mice were treated with doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg and evaluated in open field, elevated plus-maze, light dark, and rotarod tests. Moreover, in the behavioral tests diazepam (GABAergic anxiolytic, 2 mg/kg) as positive control and flumazenil (GABA antagonist, 2.5 mg/kg) were used to identify mechanism of sedative and anxiolytic action produced by EPMG. The EPMG is constituted by the following compounds: methyl cinnamate, 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, (2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl propionate, (Z)-methyl-hexadec-7-enoate, methyl hexadecanoate, hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-methyl-octadec-9-enoate, octadecanoic acid, and squalene. This extract demonstrated anxiolytic effects, which may be mediated by GABAergic system, and was able to increase GABA levels and reduce of glutamate and aspartate concentrations in mice hippocampus, which can directly and/or indirectly assist in their anxiolytic effect. Although more studies are needed, the EPMG could represent an interesting therapeutical strategy in the treatment of anxiety.

Effects of NMDA Antagonists on Ethanol-Withdrawal Induced “Anxiety” in the Elevated Plus Maze

Alcohol ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B Gatch ◽  
Cleatus J Wallis ◽  
Harbans Lal
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Nmda Antagonists ◽  
Plus Maze

scholarly journals Deuterium depletion induces anxiolytic-like effects in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Mladin ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Radu Lefter ◽  
Alexandru Popescu ◽  
Walther Bild
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Behavioral Test ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plus Maze

Deuterium-depleted water (DDW) has a concentration of deuterium 6-7 times lower than naturally occurring water (20-25 ppm vs. 150 ppm). When administered for a longer period, it can reduce the concentration of deuterium throughout the body, activating cellular mechanisms that depend on protons. The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of chronic DDW administration on anxiety-related processes in Wistar rats when compared to a control group that received distilled water, as studied in an elevated plus maze behavioral test. Our results describe a possible anxiolytic-like effect of DDW administration on rats, as shown by the increase in the percentage of time and number of entries in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. The administration of DDW also resulted in stimulated head-dipping behavior in the open arms, which is a behavioral change that characterizes the exploratory behavior and decreased inhibition/ fear in an unfamiliar environment. We conclude that the change in this balance may have important consequences for many biological mechanisms. A deuterium desaturation treatment with DDW might have a use in anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ziziphus spina-christi against scopolamine-induced anxiety in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubeh Setorki
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Injection Anxiety

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to observe the effect of <em>Ziziphus spina-christi</em> extract against anxiety related behavior induced by scopolamine. Rats were randomly divided into six groups, each group consists of eight rats. Vehicle group received distilled water, negative control received scopolamine (1 mg/kg) and positive control received diazepam (1 mg/mL). Experimental groups received <em>Z. spina-christi</em> extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg IP) 30 min after scopolamine injection. Anxiety related behaviors were assessed using the elevated plus maze. The rotarod test was used to evaluate motor coordination. Administration of <em>Z. spina-christi</em> extract (200 mg/kg) significantly increased the time spent in the open arm of elevated plus maze. The extract also reduced the percentage of closed arms entries and time spent in the closed arms. Different concentration of <em>Z. spina-christi</em> extract didn’t affect motor coordination and balance. Hydro-alcoholic extract of <em>Z. spina-christi</em> significantly ameliorate scopolamine-induced anxiety.</p><p><strong>Video clip</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/LTHNppf_Euo">Elevated plus maze</a>: 1 min 58 sec </p>

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