scholarly journals Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ziziphus spina-christi against scopolamine-induced anxiety in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubeh Setorki
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Injection Anxiety

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to observe the effect of <em>Ziziphus spina-christi</em> extract against anxiety related behavior induced by scopolamine. Rats were randomly divided into six groups, each group consists of eight rats. Vehicle group received distilled water, negative control received scopolamine (1 mg/kg) and positive control received diazepam (1 mg/mL). Experimental groups received <em>Z. spina-christi</em> extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg IP) 30 min after scopolamine injection. Anxiety related behaviors were assessed using the elevated plus maze. The rotarod test was used to evaluate motor coordination. Administration of <em>Z. spina-christi</em> extract (200 mg/kg) significantly increased the time spent in the open arm of elevated plus maze. The extract also reduced the percentage of closed arms entries and time spent in the closed arms. Different concentration of <em>Z. spina-christi</em> extract didn’t affect motor coordination and balance. Hydro-alcoholic extract of <em>Z. spina-christi</em> significantly ameliorate scopolamine-induced anxiety.</p><p><strong>Video clip</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/LTHNppf_Euo">Elevated plus maze</a>: 1 min 58 sec </p>

Hypnotic activity of Capparis spinosa hydro-alcoholic extract in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Rakhshandeh ◽  
Roghayeh Rashidi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Khorrami ◽  
Hassan Abbassian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Rota Rod Test ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Hypnotic Activity

Background: Sleep disorders are among the most common psychiatric and medical conditions. Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the hypnotic activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Capparis spinosa (HAE) in mice. Method: Three doses of HAE (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg) and three fractions of it, namely n-hexane fraction (NHF), water fraction (WF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), were given in comparison with diazepam (3mg/kg body weight i.p.) as positive control and saline as negative control. After 30 min, pentobarbital (30 mg/kg body weight i.p.) was administrated. In addition, LD50 of HAE was examined and the cytotoxicity of HAE was assessed in l929 cells using the MTT assay. Moreover, for motor-coordination ability 30 mins after administration of HAE rota-rod test was performed. Results: The results exhibited that the HAE and all the fractions significantly augmented pentobarbital induced sleeping time which was comparable to that of induced by diazepam. The LD50 value was 2.4 g/kg. The extract did not induce any cytotoxic effects in L929 fibroblast cells. HAE did not affect the animals’ performance on the rota-rod test. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that hydro-alcoholic extract of C. spinosa possesses hypnotic potential that may require further scientific investigations.

scholarly journals Study the effect of the mixture alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds and cones of Cupressus sempervirens and their effect on viability of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Noor Nihad Baker ◽  
Fawzia Ahmed AL-Shanawi
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Plant Mixture

this study included the using of the mixture of alcoholic extract Peganum harmala seeds and cones of Cupressus sempervirens at concentrations (1+50) mgml. And then experimentation on the mice injected with protoscolices and its comparison with the mice injected with only protoscolices (as positive control group), and the mice injected with normal saline (as negative control) to investigate the effect of plant mixture in vivo, it appeared of getting the reduction of hydatid cyst with percentage 100% in processed group with the mixture compared with positive group as its absence of the hydatid cyst in processed group. The lowering significantly occurred in the averages of the weights of the liver and spleen and the averages of its distension in processed groups and about of the positive group and which was approach to the negative group. Also study the tissular changes occurred in the liver and spleen, in the liver it occurred of changes in the liver cell and increase in the number of the kupffer cell as a defensive in the processed group were less than what it appeared in the positive control, but the spleen, it appeared the dilation of the whit pulp and the appearance of the cell composing of the hemic platelets (megakaryocyte cells) in the mice processed in comparison with negative control. These changes were of less acuity in the group processed. Thus from the results of this study at appeared the possibility of using the mixture in vivo in successful and safe way by it a capability of initiating the immunity system to the inhibition of the protoscolices and prevent the development of the secondary hydatid cyst in vivo without causing the negative side effect.

scholarly journals Absence of sibutramine effect on spontaneous anxiety in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana S. Frassetto ◽  
Isis O. Alves ◽  
Marislane M. Santos ◽  
Ana E. S. Schmidt ◽  
Janaína J. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Acute And Chronic Treatments

INTRODUSTION: Sibutramine has been described as a drug recommended for treatment of obesity, since it has the ability to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline in the central nervous system, thereby increasing energy expenditure. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of acute and chronic treatment with sibutramine in rats submitted to the task of the elevated plus-maze. METHODS: Diazepam was used as a positive control for the anxiolytic effect, and the task of the elevated plus-maze showed sensitivity to detect the effect. In the chronic treatment, sibutramine was ingested for a period of two months. RESULTS: The acute and chronic treatments at the studied dose, which is described to produce a maximum effect of anti-obesity in rats, did not interfere with anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The acute and chronic administration of sibutramine is not related to anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects.

Protective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract on bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1710-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heibatullah Kalantari ◽  
Mohammadtaha Jalali ◽  
Amir Jalali ◽  
Abobakr Salimi ◽  
Foad Alhalvachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

The efficacy of a crude hydro-alcoholic extract of Cassia fistula (golden shower tree) fruit to protect the kidney against bromobenzene-induced toxicity was studied. Negative control mice received normal saline; positive control mice were given 460 mg/kg of bromobenzene; Cassia fistula treated mice received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg of Cassia fistula fruit extract followed by 460 mg/kg bromobenzene (daily by oral gavage for 10 days). On the 11th day, the mice were sacrificed, blood samples were obtained to assess blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and kidneys were removed for histological examination. We found that bromobenzene induced significant nephrotoxicity reflected by an increase in levels of BUN and creatinine that was dose dependently prevented by the Cassia fistula fruit extract. The nephroprotective effect of the Cassia fistula fruit extract was confirmed by the histological examination of the kidneys. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of Cassia fistula in nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Dentifrice Containing Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.: An Antimicrobial Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Agne Alves Valones ◽  
◽  
Jane Sheila Higino ◽  
Paulo Roberto Eleutério Souza ◽  
Sérgio Crovella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing an alcoholic extract of rosemary on oral bacteria, compared to a commercially available herbal dentifrice. Standard strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 9811) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) were used, as well as different toothpastes based on rosemary (TR), on propolis (TH), triclosan (positive control) (TPC) and non-fluoridated dentifrice (negative control) (TNC). Bacteria were seeded in Petri dishes and paper discs soaked with dilutions of dentifrice placed on the plates. The inhibition halos were analyzed. It was observed that TR did not show statistical difference in relation to the TH to inhibit S. mutans and S. oralis, while TH was more active against L. rhamnosus. The toothpaste containing rosemary extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans, S. oralis and L. rhamnosus, revealing an antimicrobial activity similar to commercially available toothpastes for inhibition of S. mutans and S. oralis.

scholarly journals Motor and cognitive evaluations of rats exposed to the larvicide pyriproxifem in the prenatal period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Batista de Aguiar ◽  
Bianca Villanova ◽  
Katriane Endiel Pereira ◽  
Nicole Jansen Rabello ◽  
Rafaela Maria Moresco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
System Development ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Gait Quality

Background: In 2015 and 2016, there was an increase in microcephaly cases in Brazil, which were attributed to maternal contamination by Zika virus. However, the spread of this virus in the Brazilian states was not accompanied by an increase in the registers of this malformation. Thus, the use of the larvicide pyriproxifem to the control of mosquito Aedes Aegypt is being questioned. Objectives: Investigate the motor and cognitive function of rats exposed to piriproxifem in prenatal period. Design and setting: The study was developed at the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, in the Cascavel campus. Methods: Three experimental groups were used: Negative control (CT-) - offspring of rats which consumed water during pregnancy; Positive control (CT+) - offspring of rats which consumed water containing retinoic acid during pregnancy; Piriproxifem (PIR) - offspring of rats which consumed water containing Sumilarv®, larvicide whose active substance is the pyriproxifem, during pregnancy. The gait quality was assessed using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scale (1995). Object-Placement Recognition Task was used to the spatial memory evaluation (Pizza et al., 2011). Results: There were no statistical differences between the groups in relation to the gait quality and the preference for the relocated object. Nevertheless, two animals in the PIR and five animals in the CT+ group had external rotation of the hindlimbs during locomotion or deficits in motor coordination. Conclusion: The mild motor deficits found indicate the need for studies to confirm a possible deleterious effect of this larvicide on the nervous system development.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-ALZHEIMER ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF COSTUS PICTUS D. DON LEAVES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
PASHA KHOOSHBU ◽  
IMTIYAZ ANSARI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Objective: The aim was to assess the effect of anti-Alzheimer’s activity of the alcoholic extract of Costus pictus D. Don Leaves in Alzheimer induce Wistar albino rats. Methods: In the present study, the efficacy of an Extract of Costus pictus D. Don (ECPDD) was evaluated against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer in the Wistar albino rat. Donepezil at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, ECPDD was given in rat at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, 150 mg/kg body weight, and 200 mg/kg body weight. Anti-Alzheimer activity was assessed by victimization novel object recognition test, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze. And by biochemical test like neurotransmitter esterase activity, catalase activity, malonyldialdehyd and glutathione assays. Results: Results showed that extracts treatment prevents Alzheimer and increases the level of acetylcholine, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and phytochemical studies identified the presence of flavonoid and alkaloid in the ECPDD. Conclusion: According to the results, it was concluded that the leave of C. pictus D. Don has significant anti-Alzheimer activity due to the presence of potent antioxidants such as flavonoid and anticholinesterase enzyme present in alkaloids.

scholarly journals Mikania glomerata: Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Neurochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena C. L. R. Santana ◽  
Maria R. M. Brito ◽  
George L. S. Oliveira ◽  
Antônia M. G. L. Citó ◽  
Clayton Q. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Methyl Cinnamate ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Antagonist

The present study primarily aims to identify the relative density and the fatty acids (methyl esters) content present in the standardized ethanol extract of leaves ofM. glomerata(EPMG). Meanwhile, in a second moment, this study evaluated the effects of the EPMG on the levels of amino acids in the hippocampus, and the mechanism of sedative and anxiolytic action. Adult mice were treated with doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg and evaluated in open field, elevated plus-maze, light dark, and rotarod tests. Moreover, in the behavioral tests diazepam (GABAergic anxiolytic, 2 mg/kg) as positive control and flumazenil (GABA antagonist, 2.5 mg/kg) were used to identify mechanism of sedative and anxiolytic action produced by EPMG. The EPMG is constituted by the following compounds: methyl cinnamate, 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, (2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl propionate, (Z)-methyl-hexadec-7-enoate, methyl hexadecanoate, hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-methyl-octadec-9-enoate, octadecanoic acid, and squalene. This extract demonstrated anxiolytic effects, which may be mediated by GABAergic system, and was able to increase GABA levels and reduce of glutamate and aspartate concentrations in mice hippocampus, which can directly and/or indirectly assist in their anxiolytic effect. Although more studies are needed, the EPMG could represent an interesting therapeutical strategy in the treatment of anxiety.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anxiety-like behaviors following ethanol withdrawal in mice: effects of cannabidiol

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e53001
Author(s):  
Letícia Pin Coltri ◽  
Vivian Tacyani Bonassoli ◽  
Humberto Milani ◽  
Rúbia Maria Weffort de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Behavioral Test ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Ethanol Dependence ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Testing Potential

The abrupt interruption of ethanol consumption increases anxiety-like behaviors in rodents and may reflect different aspects of ethanol dependence in humans. Measuring emotional behaviors resulting from ethanol withdrawal may aid in testing potential pharmacological agents for the treatment of ethanol dependence. In the present study, we used forced expositon to ethanol 20% during 10 days to mice, followed by abrupt withdrawal of the substance. The animals were evaluated 7, 24 and 35 h after ethanol withdrawal in three different behavioral paradigms, i.e., the open field (OF), light dark (LD) transition and elevated plus maze (EPM), tests usually used to measure anxiety-like behaviors. This was done with the aim of identifying the best interval as well as the most appropriate behavioral test to detect the effects of drugs that can relieve anxiety induced by ethanol withdrawal in mice. We also evaluated the effect of cannabidiol (CBD 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg) in ethanol withdrawn mice because it has been shown to alliviate drug addicton and present anti-anxiety effects. Our results show significant behavioral changes at 24 h following ethanol withdrawal. Diazepam (4 mg/kg), used as a positive control, counteracted the effects of ethanol withdrawal in OF, LD box and EPM. Cannabidiol attenuated anxiety-like behavior produced at 24 h after abstinence from ethanol exposure only in the EPM test.

scholarly journals Effect of Combined Crude Extract of Costus afer, Culcasia scaden and Sarcocephalus latifolius on Neurobehaviour and Histology of the Temporal Lobe of Adult Wistar Rats.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Okoronkwo Samuel O ◽  
Anyanwu G.E
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Behavioural Test ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Costus Afer ◽  
Brain Tissues

This combined extract is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of psychiatric disorder. This study investigated the effect of combined crude extracts of Costus afer, Culcasia scaden and Sarcocephalus latifolius on neurobehaviour and histology of the temporal lobe. The extract was prepared by mixing equal portions of the three extracts and dosage calculated base on the body weight of the animals. Twenty rats were divided into four groups (n=5) such as A, B, C and D. A served as negative control and was given distilled water. The D group served as positive control and received 2.5mg/kg of Diazepam, while B and C served as the experimental group and received 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg respectively for 14 days. The behavioural assay was carried out using elevated plus maze. The animals were sacrificed and the brains removed and processed using normal histological techniques. The result of the behavioural test showed an increase in close arm entry but when compared to the negative control the extract treated groups made more open arm entry and spent more time in the open arm (open arm activity) but less when compared to positive control (Diazepam). This is a measure of anxiolytic activities of the extract. Therefore the extract possesses anxiolytic property. The extract distorted the histoarchitecture of the temporal lobe showing extensive loss of brain tissues, sparsely dispersed cells, and focal loss of brain tissues at doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg respectively. The extracts conclusively possess the potential to modify neurobehaviour and alter the histology of the temporal lobe.

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