Sexual dimorphism applying the mandibular canine index in a Brazilian sample: a pilot study

The aim of this study was to apply the morphometric quantification of the canine index for sexual dimorphism in a Brazilian sample. The sample consisted of 90 participants (45 males and 45 females) aged between 18 and 35 years. With the aid of a digital caliper, the intraoral mesio-distal measurement of the permanent mandibular right canine (MD43) and the intercanine distance (IC) were taken by three examiners. The measurements were used in a formula established by Rao, Rao, Pai e Kotian (1989) to estimate sex based on morphometric features of the human canines. The applicability of this approach for sexual dimorphism was assessed based on the inherent mandibular canine index (MCI) calculated by the formula. The MCI was higher in males than females. The mean general accuracy rate of the MCI for sexual dimorphism in the total sample was 52.22%. In males, the MCI was able to properly distinguish sex in 82.22% of the sample, while in females the accuracy decreased to 22.22%. These outcomes raise the attention for the careful use of the MCI in practice – especially in the field of Forensic Anthropology. In particular, the accuracy of the method was close to random in a sample that contained both sexes. Thus, MCI should not be used as the only tool for sexual dimorphism.

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Sex estimation of Brazilian skulls using discriminant analysis of cranial measurements

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18760 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e266101018760

Author(s):

Thais Torralbo Lopez Capp ◽

Luiz Airton Saavedra de Paiva ◽

Marcio Yara Buscatti ◽

Edgard Michel Crosato ◽

Maria Gabriela Haye Biazevic

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Total Sample ◽

Brazilian Population ◽

Sex Estimation ◽

Validation Process ◽

Reference Table ◽

Brazilian Sample ◽

Cranial Measurements ◽

Multivariate Discriminant

The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of cranial measurements for estimation of sex in the Brazilian population and develop discriminant formulas with a reference table to be used as a reference on Brazilian Forensic Anthropology studies. The total sample was comprised of 100 skulls from an osteological collection and 200 computed tomography. The measure’s protocol comprised 51 cranial measurements and it was based on 29 cranial landmarks. The results of the univariate comparison of cranial measurements showed a higher mean for male skulls, except for the following variables: zygoorbital breadth (diff=-2.21), interorbital breadth (diff=-0.72), nasal breadth (diff=-0.19) and palatal breadth (diff=-0.01). The paired test t analysis showed that the variables with the highest sexual dimorphism were maximum cranial length (p<0.001), Basion-Bregma height (p<0.001), cranial base length (p<0.001), nasal height (p<0.001), bizigomatic breadth (p<0.001), left Porion-Mastoidale length (p<0.001), right Asterion-Mastoidale length (p<0.001), right (p<0.001) and left (p<0.001) mastoid length. The multivariate discriminant analysis of the cranial measurements of the Brazilian sample showed a percentage of accuracy between 82-90%. The analysis of the metric variables showed that there is sexual dimorphism between skulls in the sample. The regression formulas and the reference table presented satisfactory results for sex estimation in a Brazilian population. The validation process of the discriminant functions and the reference table showed a percentage of accuracy between-74.2-85.7% The analysis of the metric variables showed that there is sexual dimorphism between skulls of the analyzed sample.

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Odontometric Analysis of Permanent Mandibular Canine to Determine Sexual Dimorphism: A Preliminary Study

Journal of Nepalese Prosthodontic Society ◽

10.3126/jnprossoc.v1i2.23861 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

Mangesh Bajracharya ◽

B.K. Omar ◽

S.K. Maharjan

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Male And Female ◽

Mean Values ◽

Medical College ◽

The Mean ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Mandibular Canine ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Female Subjects

Introduction: Crown diameters of a teeth are reasonably accurate predictors of sex and are good adjuncts for sex determinations. The aim of the study was to determine the reliability of mesiodistal width of mandibular canine in sexual dimorphism. Materials and methods: Medical students of Nepalgunj Medical College, Chisapani, Banke, Nepal were selected for data collection. Sample consisted of 300 subjects which included 150 males and 150 females of age group 18-25 years. The mesiodistal width of the mandibular right and left canine teeth were recorded by Vernier calliper. Descriptive statistical analysis was done from odontometric measurements data to calculate sexual dimorphism for mandibular right and left canine. The student t-test was used to determine the level of significance among the parameters measured. Results: The mean values for mesiodistal width of mandibular right canine for male and female subjects were 7.1665±0.28576 and 6.3777±0.37875 respectively. The sexual dimorphism for mandibular right canine was calculated to be 12.368%. The mean values for mesiodistal width of mandibular left canine for male and female subjects were 7.3875±0.35506 and 6.2847±0.41115 respectively. The sexual dimorphism for mandibular left canine was calculated to be 17.5%. Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed significant sexual dimorphism in odontometric analysis of permanent mandibular canines between male and female with the mandibular left canine showing the highest percentage.

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Relationship between dental size and normal occlusion in Brazilian patients

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402007000300015 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 253-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sheila Medina Freire ◽

Clarice Nishio ◽

Alvaro de Moraes Mendes ◽

Cátia Cardoso Abdo Quintão ◽

Marco Antonio Almeida

Keyword(s):

Facial Profile ◽

Mean Values ◽

Brazilian Sample ◽

Curve Of Spee ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

The Mean ◽

Anterior Ratio ◽

Overall Ratio ◽

Digital Caliper ◽

Dental Casts

The present study was performed on dental casts and lateral cephalometric films of 30 Caucasian Brazilian individuals (15 males and 15 females) aged 18 to 27 years and 4 months, all presenting normal occlusion and satisfactory facial profile. The aims were to investigate the existence of dental discrepancies according to Bolton's criteria, to obtain mean values for overbite, overjet, curve of Spee and interincisal angle, and to demonstrate any correlation among these parameters. A single calibrated operator measured each variable characteristics and the process was recorded twice with an accurate modified digital caliper. It was observed that the sample of normal occlusion did not present any dental discrepancy among the 12 teeth of opposite arches. The overall ratio (91.46) and anterior ratio (77.83) were in accordance with those proposed by Bolton. The mean values for normal occlusion in this Brazilian sample were defined as: 2.45 mm for overbite; 1.92 mm for overjet; 1.01 mm for curve of Spee and 129.57° for interincisal angle. A statistically significant correlation was found between overjet and overbite.

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Age does not necessarily influence latency of event-related potentials

Nervenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1627735 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 723-727

Author(s):

M. Westermann ◽

I. W. Husstedt ◽

A. Okegwo ◽

S. Evers

Keyword(s):

Normal Values ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Intrinsic Property ◽

Total Sample ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Mean ◽

P3 Component

SummaryEvent-related potentials (ERP) are regarded as age dependent. However, it is not known whether this is an intrinsic property of ERP or an extrinsic factor. We designed a setting in which ERP were evoked using a modified oddball paradigm with highly differentiable and detectable target and non-target stimuli. A total of 98 probands were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the latency and amplitude of the P3 component of visually evoked ERP. The mean P3 latency was 294 ± 28 ms and was not related to age (r = –0.089; p = 0.382; Spearman-rank-correlation). The P3 amplitude was related to age in the total sample (r = –0.323; p = 0.001; Spearmanrank-correlation) but not in the probands under the age of 60 years. There were no significant differences regarding sex. Our findings suggest that ERP are not age dependent if highly differentiable and detectable stimuli are used. This should be considered when normal values of ERP are created for clinical use.

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High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Obesity among Adults in Gulf Countries

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 995

Author(s):

Israa M. Shatwan ◽

Eiman A. Alhinai ◽

Balqees Alawadhi ◽

Shelini Surendran ◽

Najlaa M. Aljefree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gulf Countries ◽

The Mean ◽

The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered as a good example of a healthy dietary pattern that has protective effects on obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess the adherence of adults from three Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Kuwait) to the MedDiet and its association with obesity risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 961 men and women (75.7%) aged 20–55 years old. Waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured waist/hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. A validated 14-item Questionnaire was used to measure adherence to MedDiet. The mean of the adherence to MedDiet score was 5.9 ± 2.03 for the total sample. An inverse association was observed between the adherence to MedDiet and BMI after adjusting for potential confounders (p = 0.0003 in total participants, and p = 0.001 in women only). A protective effect was seen with a higher adherence to the MedDiet on HC, suggesting that a greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a decreased HC (p = 0.04 in total participants, and p = 0.01 in women only). In conclusion, low adherence to the MedDiet among participants from three gulf countries was associated with increased obesity indicators, BMI, and HC.

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Distances between mandibular posterior teeth and the WALA ridge in Peruvians with normal occlusion

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.22.6.056-060.oar ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 56-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carla Y. Kong-Zárate ◽

Marcos J. Carruitero ◽

Will A. Andrews

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Test Results ◽

Posterior Teeth ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Tooth Type ◽

The Mean ◽

Student’S T ◽

Mandibular Posterior Teeth ◽

Digital Caliper ◽

Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: The purposes of this investigation were to determine the horizontal distances between the mandibular posterior teeth and the WALA ridge in a sample of Peruvians with normal occlusion and to compare them by tooth type, sex, arch side, and age groups. Methods: 65 dental casts of subjects with normal occlusion were collected. Posterior teeth, except for third molars, were evaluated. The horizontal distances between the occluso-gingival midpoints of the buccal surfaces (FA points) of each tooth and the WALA ridge were measured using a modified digital caliper. The values between each different tooth type within the sample were compared using the ANOVA and Scheffe tests, while comparisons by sex, arch side and age groups, using the Student’s t-test. Results: The mean distances in the sample was 0.96 mm for first premolars, 1.45 mm for second premolars, 2.12 mm for first molars and 2.55 mm for second molars. Statistically significant differences between each of the four tooth types were found. There were no significant differences found between sex, arch side and age groups. Conclusion: The horizontal distances between the mandibular posterior teeth and the WALA ridge increased progressively from the first premolars to the second molars in Peruvians with normal occlusion. The WALA ridge was a good landmark to evaluate the positions of posterior teeth in Peruvians with normal occlusion.

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Influence of Age, Sex, and Anthropometric Determinants on the Foot Posture Index in a Pediatric Population

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/14-097 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 124-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana María Jimenez-Cebrian ◽

María Francisca Morente-Bernal ◽

Pedro Daniel Román-Bravo ◽

Juan Francisco Saucedo-Badía ◽

Juan Antonio Alonso-Ríos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Population ◽

Quantitative Result ◽

Total Sample ◽

Clinical Tool ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Asymptomatic Children ◽

Foot Posture ◽

The Mean ◽

Foot Position

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a clinical tool for diagnosis that aims to quantify the grade of a foot position as neutral, pronated, or supinated. Its purpose is to develop a simple six-factor method for rating foot posture with an easy and quantitative result. We evaluated possible differences in the FPI by sex and the influences of age, weight, height, foot size, and body mass index (BMI) on foot posture. Methods: In 150 asymptomatic children (79 boys and 71 girls) aged 8 to 13 years, we determined weight, height, BMI, and FPI in the bipedal, static, and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (–2, –1, 0, 1, 2) given to each of the six criteria. Results: The mean ± SD FPI value for the total sample was 5.1 ± 2.1 (boys: 5.1 ± 2.2; girls: 5.2 ± 2.0), so there were no significant differences between the sexes (P = .636). Of the 150 feet examined, none had FPI values of very supinated or highly pronated, two were supinated (1.3%), 76 neutral (50.7%), and 72 pronated (48.0%). Of the total FPI values, 7.7% can be explained by anthropometric variables: height, weight, and foot size (r2 = 0.077; P < .010). Conclusions: The most frequent foot postures in the sample were neutral and pronated. Neither age nor BMI explained variations in the FPI.

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Differences in phosphatemia and frequency of consumption of dietary sources of phosphorus in hemodialysis patients in southern and northern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 83-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fabiana Baggio Nerbass ◽

Edcléia Regina Canzi ◽

Renata dos Anjos Araujo ◽

Dyane Corrêa ◽

Rafaela Gonzaga dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Sample ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The State ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Phosphorus Sources ◽

Northern Brazil ◽

The Mean ◽

Pork Sausages

Abstract Introduction: Hyperphosphatemia is associated with unfavorable outcomes, and the percentage of patients presenting with this condition in hemodialysis (HD) in kidney foundation units in the state of Santa Catarina (SC) is historically higher than that of patients in the state of Tocantins (TO). Objective: To assess the frequency of consumption of the main dietary sources of phosphorus and to compare them between the two states. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 123 patients, 66 of SC and 57 of TO: 52% were men, average age was 46.9 ± 15.7 years, and mean HD time 48 (57-71) months. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 33 items that are dietary sources of phosphorus was applied. A consumption score was calculated for sources of organic, inorganic, and total phosphorus, and the six-month average of phosphatemia was obtained. Results: The mean phosphatemia of SC patients was higher (6.2 ± 1.5 vs 4.7 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p <0001) than TO patients, as well as the prevalence of hyperphosphatemia (62% vs 28%; p <10001). In the total sample, the foods most frequently consumed were milk and beans. Comparing the frequency of consumption between the two states, a significant difference was found in 17 items. In TO, beef and beans were the foods most frequently consumed, and in SC, fourteen other items of the FFQ (pork, sausages, dairy products, etc.) were the most frequently consumed. Phosphatemia correlated with the frequency of consumption of inorganic phosphorus sources. Conclusion: the frequency of consumption of several items was different between the states, and this explains the differences in phosphatemia between the two regions.

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The Portuguese language version of social phobia and Anxiety Inventory: analysis of items and internal consistency in a Brazilian sample of 1,014 undergraduate students

Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0047-20852006000200004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 114-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Patrícia Picon ◽

Gabriel J. Chittó Gauer ◽

Jandyra M. G. Fachel ◽

Deborah C. Beidel ◽

Ana C. Seganfredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Inventory Analysis ◽

Language Version ◽

Brazilian Sample ◽

The Mean ◽

Item Content ◽

Student’S T

OBJECTIVE: Theoretical and empirical analysis of items and internal consistency of the Portuguese-language version of Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI-Portuguese). METHODS: Social phobia experts conducted a 45-item content analysis of the SPAI-Portuguese administered to a sample of 1,014 university students. Item discrimination was evaluated by Student's t test; interitem, mean and item-to-total correlations, by Pearson coefficient; reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: There was 100% agreement among experts concerning the 45 items. On the SPAI-Portuguese 43 items were discriminative (p < 0.05). A few inter-item correlations between both subscales were below 0.2. The mean inter-item correlations were: 0.41 on social phobia subscale; 0.32 on agoraphobia subscale and 0.32 on the SPAI-Portuguese. Item-to-total correlations were all higher then 0.3 (p < 0.001). Cronbach's alphas were: 0.95 on the SPAI-Portuguese; 0.96 on social phobia subscale; 0.85 on agoraphobia subscale. CONCLUSION: The 45-item content analysis revealed appropriateness concerning the underlying construct of the SPAI-Portuguese (social phobia, agoraphobia) with good discriminative capacity on 43 items. The mean inter-item correlations and reliability coefficients demonstrated the SPAI-Portuguese and subscales internal consistency and multidimensionality. No item was suppressed in the SPAI-Portuguese but the authors suggest that a shortened SPAI, in its different versions, could be an even more useful tool for research settings in social phobia.

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Geometric Morphology of the Coracoacromial Ligament: A Cadaveric Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/3024769 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Mehmet Demir ◽

Bülent Güneri

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Shoulder Pain ◽

Humeral Head ◽

Common Knowledge ◽

Coracoid Process ◽

Coracoacromial Ligament ◽

Death Time ◽

The Mean ◽

Geometric Morphology ◽

Digital Caliper

The coracoacromial ligament (CAL), which restrains superior displacement of humeral head, connects the acromion and coracoid process. Due to the ligament’s variations and its role in shoulder pain, CAL was investigated in this study. Sixty shoulders of 34 cadavers, from persons aged 61-98 (80.95 ± 8.81) years at death time, were dissected. The lengths of lateral (LBL) and medial borders (MBL), widths of acromial (AIW) and coracoid insertions (CIW), and thicknesses of lateral (LSTAI) and medial (MSTAI) sides of acromial insertions were measured by digital caliper. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. 24 (40%) V-shaped, 12 (20%) broad-banded, 9 (15%) quadrangular, 9 (15%) Y-shaped, and 6 (10%) multiple-banded types were identified. The mean total LBL, MBL, AIW, CIW, LSTAI, and MSTAI were 34.94 ± 4.59 mm, 33.58 ± 5.31 mm, 29.82 ± 9.48 mm, 12.62 ± 3.95 mm, 1.29 ± 0.17 mm, and 0.90 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. The mean LBL (39.12 ± 4.29 mm), MBL (36.48 ± 3.9 mm), and CIW (37.01 ± 3.39 mm) were significantly greatest in quadrangular type (p<0.001). The mean AIW was slightly greatest in quadrangular type (p=0.069). The mean LSTAI was significantly greatest in multiple-banded type (1.45 ± 0.10 mm, p<0.001) whereas the mean MSTAI was significantly greatest in quadrangular type (1.23 ± 0.23 mm, p<0.001). CAL is quite variable regarding morphology, dimensions, and insertion features. Despite common knowledge, MSTAI and MBL of CAL can be greater than lateral counterparts in some types. To obtain complete release of CAL at acromion, the clearance of ligament fibers in an area with the dimensions of around 16 mm in mediolateral and 15 mm in anteroposterior direction, beginning from the lateral edge of acromial insertion, is recommended.

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