Synthesis and Characterization of Polyacrylate Latex Containing Fluorine and Silicon

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Gao ◽  
Yu Feng Li ◽  
Hong Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Core Shell Structure ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Seed Emulsion Polymerization

Polyacrylate latex containing fluorine and silicon was successfully synthesized by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization, using organic silicon(OSi) monomer, fluorocarbon(FC), methacrylic acid(MAA), and butyl acrylate(BA) as raw materials. Transmission electron microscope(TEM) characterization indicated that the latex particles were form uniform analogous core-shell structure. Dynamic light scattering(DLS) show a narrow size distribution. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) revealed the fluorine and silicon transfer to the film-air interface. The reaction was evaluated using fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectrum. The thermal stability of the latex films which analysed by thermogravimetric(TG) was improved due to the join of OSi and FC.

Synthesis of Self-Stratifying Polyacrylate Latex Containing Silicon

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Feng Li ◽  
Hong Chao Wang ◽  
Zhong Yuan Xiang ◽  
Xiao Hui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organic Silicon ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Core Shell Structure ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Self-stratifying polyacrylate latex containing silicon was synthesized via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization, using organic silicon and acrylate as raw materials. Transmission electron microscope(TEM) characterization indicated that the particles were form uniform analogous core-shell structure and dynamic light scattering(DLS) analysis possessed narrow size distributions. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) proved the propensity of silicon enrichment at film-air interface, which revealed self-stratifying phenomenon. The thermal stability of the latex films determined by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) was increased 24 °C as the join of organic silicon.

scholarly journals Hydrogenative Cyclization of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone with Methanol and Ni-Fe Bimetallic Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Ligang Luo ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Qin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Donor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Temperature Programmed

A series of Ni-Fe/SBA-15 catalysts was prepared and tested for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone, adopting methanol as the only hydrogen donor, and investigating the synergism between Fe and Ni, both supported on SBA-15, towards this reaction. The characterization of the synthesized catalysts was carried out by XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), H2-TPD (hydrogen temperature-programmed desorption), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and in situ FT-IR (Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy) techniques. H2-TPD and XPS results have shown that electron transfer occurs from Fe to Ni, which is helpful both for the activation of the C=O bond and for the dissociative activation of H2 molecules, also in agreement with the results of the in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. The effect of temperature and reaction time on γ-valerolactone production was also investigated, identifying the best reaction conditions at 200 °C and 180 min, allowing for the complete conversion of levulinic acid and the complete selectivity to γ-valerolactone. Moreover, methanol was identified as an efficient hydrogen donor, if used in combination with the Ni-Fe/SBA-15 catalyst. The obtained results are promising, especially if compared with those obtained with the traditional and more expensive molecular hydrogen and noble-based catalysts.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zn-Ca-Mg-Al Hydrotacite-Like Compounds and its Application in the PVC

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Long Feng Li ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Mao Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compounds (CaMgAl-HTLcs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. The effects of the medium pH value, the molar ratio of the raw materials, the reaction temperature and the reaction time on the structure of CaMgAl-HTLcs were studied. The results showed that increasing treatment temperature and reaction time could improve the crystallinity and monodispersity of hydrotalcite-like compound particles. And well-defined CaMgAl-HTLcs could be prepared at a pH value of 10~11 with n(Zn+Mg+Ca):n(Al) =2. The products synthesized were applied to PVC to improve the thermal stability of PVC.

scholarly journals Edge Functionalized Graphene Layers for (Ultra) High Exfoliation in Carbon Papers and Aerogels in the Presence of Chitosan

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Silvia Guerra ◽  
Vincenzina Barbera ◽  
Alessandra Vitale ◽  
Roberta Bongiovanni ◽  
Andrea Serafini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Biobased Polymers ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Hydroxy Groups ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ultra-high exfoliation in water of a nanosized graphite (HSAG) was obtained thanks to the synergy between a graphene layer edge functionalized with hydroxy groups and a polymer such as chitosan (CS). The edge functionalization of graphene layers was performed with a serinol derivative containing a pyrrole ring, serinol pyrrole (SP). The adduct between CS and HSAG functionalized with SP was formed simply with a mortar and pestle, then preparing water dispersions stable for months in the presence of acetic acid. Simple casting of such dispersions on a glass support led to carbon papers. Aerogels were prepared through the freeze-dry procedure. Exfoliation was observed in both these families of composites and ultra-high exfoliation was documented in aerogels swollen in water. Carbon papers and aerogels were stable for months in solvents in a wide range of solubility parameter and in a pretty wide range of pH. By considering that a moderately functionalized nanographite was straightforwardly exfoliated in water in the presence of one of the most abundant biobased polymers, the obtained results pave the way for the simple and sustainable preparation of graphene-based nanocomposites. HSAG–SP/CS adducts were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM and HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the composites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and their direct electrical conductivity with the four-point probe method.

Characterization of columns grown during KrF laser micromachining of Al2O3–TiC ceramics

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Oliveira ◽  
R. Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Krf Laser

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of column formation mechanisms in Al2O3–TiC ceramics micromachined using excimer lasers. Chemical and structural characterization of columns grown in Al2O3–TiC composite processed with 200 KrF laser pulses at 10 J/cm2 was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Fully developed columns consist of a core of unprocessed material surrounded by an outer layer of Al2TiO5, formed in oxidizing conditions, and an inner layer, formed in reducing conditions, composed of TiC and Al3Ti or an AlTi solid solution. Possible mechanisms of column formation are discussed.

One Step Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Graphene Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Fei Xia ◽  
Zong Hua Wang ◽  
Yan Zhi Xia ◽  
Fei Fei Zhang ◽  
Fu Qiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Techniques

Zirconia-graphene composite (ZrO2-G) has been successfully synthesized via decomposition of ZrOCl2•6H2O in a water-isopropanol system with dispersed graphene oxide (GO) utilizing Na2S as a precursor could enable the occurrence of the deposition of Zr4+ and the deoxygenation of GO at the same time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was found that graphene were fully coated with ZrO2, and the ZrO2 existing in tetragonal phase, which resulted in the formation of two-dimensional composite.

scholarly journals Dual Light- and pH-Responsive Composite of Polyazo-Derivative Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Xuemei Zheng ◽  
Elias Retulainen ◽  
Shiyu Fu
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Response ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Hexyl Methacrylate

As a type of functional group, azo-derivatives are commonly used to synthesize responsive materials. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton, were dewatered and reacted with 2-bromoisobuturyl bromide to form a macro-initiator, which grafted 6-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl-azo) phenoxy] hexyl methacrylate (MMAZO) via atom transfer radical polymerization. The successful grafting was supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Solid magnetic resonance carbon spectrum (MAS 13C-NMR). The morphology and surface composition of the poly{6-[4-(4-methoxyphenylazo) phenoxy] hexyl methacrylate} (PMMAZO)-grafted CNCs were confirmed with Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The grafting rate on the macro-initiator of CNCs was over 870%, and the polydispersities of branched polymers were narrow. The crystal structure of CNCs did not change after grafting, as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The polymer PMMAZO improved the thermal stability of cellulose nanocrystals, as shown by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Then the PMMAZO-grafted CNCs were mixed with polyurethane and casted to form a composite film. The film showed a significant light and pH response, which may be suitable for visual acid-alkali measurement and reversible optical storage.

Preparation and Characterization of γ-Fe2O3-ZnFe2O4 Composite Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Long Long Chen ◽  
Jun Ming Li ◽  
Xiao Min Gong ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Composite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ferrite Core ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Chemically Induced

Using a chemically induced transition in an FeCl2 solution, γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can be prepared from an amorphous precursor composed of FeOOH and Mg (OH)2. Surface modification by adding ZnCl2 during liquid-phase synthesis was attempted. The magnetization, morphology, crystal structure, and chemical species of as-prepared samples were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results showed that the surface of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can be modified by adding ZnCl2 to form composite nanoparticles with a γ-Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4 ferrite core coated with Zn (OH)2 and absorbed FeCl36H2O; this modification can be enhanced by additional NaOH.

Synthesis and characterization of homogeneous lead-substituted tin oxide with the (110) face of rutile structure

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2076-2079
Author(s):  
Chika Nozaki ◽  
Takashi Yamada ◽  
Kenji Tabata ◽  
Eiji Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rutile Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Synthesis of a rutile-type lead-substituted tin oxide with (110) face was investigated. The characterization was performed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements. The homogeneous rutile-type lead-substituted tin oxide was obtained until 4.1 mol% of tin was substituted with lead. The surface of obtained oxide had a homogeneously lead-substituted (110) face.

scholarly journals Preparation of Modified Chitosan Microsphere-Supported Copper Catalysts for the Borylation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Xiao ◽  
Huang ◽  
Zheng ◽  
Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Copper Catalysts ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Supported Copper Catalysts

Chitosan microspheres modified by 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde were prepared and used in the construction of a heterogeneous catalyst loaded with nano-Cu prepared by a reduction reaction. The chemical structure of the catalyst was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Under mild conditions, such as no ligand at room temperature, the catalyst was successfully applied to catalyze the borylation of α,β-unsaturated receptors in a water-methanol medium, yielding 17%–100% of the corresponding -hydroxy product. Even after repeated use five times, the catalyst still exhibited excellent catalytic activity.

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