Removal of the Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Nonylphenol from Water by Activated Carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Wang ◽  
Yu Feng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Nonylphenol(NP) have endocrine disrupting effects and exist generally in drinking water source. Physical properties including surface area, average pore-diameter, and micro-pore volume and chemical structure of the activated carbon was characterized by N2 adsorption experiment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pore volume could be the most important for adsorption. The high O content of carbon surface lead a negative effect to absorption capacity and low pH value, low temperature lead a positive effect to adsorption. The effect of humus in water to the removal was also studied and EDCs-humus bi-component adsorption model was established, it was found that there is strong competition between EDCs and humus. Due to the competition adsorption capacity of NP greatly decreased especially when the concentration of NP is very low. The adsorption kinetics test results indicated that the adsorption of NP followed the first-order kinetics and the smaller diameter GAC could increase adsorption velocity.

Removal of the Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Bisphenol A from Water by Activated Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2726-2731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Wang ◽  
Yu Feng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Negative Effect

Physical properties including surface area, average porediameter, and micropore volume and chemical structure of the activated carbon was characterized by N2 adsorption experiment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The high O content of carbon surface lead a negative effect to absorption capacity and low pH value, low temperature lead a positive effect to adsorption. The effect of humus in water to the removal was also studied and EDCs-humus bi-component adsorption model was established, it was found that there is strong competition between EDCs and humus. Due to this competition adsorption capacity of BPA greatly decreased especially when BPA concentration is very low. The adsorption kinetics test results indicated that the adsorption of BPA followed the first-order kinetics and the smaller diameter GAC could increase adsorption velocity.

scholarly journals Single and competitive adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared with Salix matsudana Kiodz

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751-2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shu ◽  
Kelin Li ◽  
Jinfeng Song ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Chunfang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Adsorption Selectivity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Salix Matsudana

In this study, Salix matsudana activated carbon (SAC) was prepared by phosphoric acid activation, and the adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on SAC in single- and double-component solutions were investigated. In both systems, the adsorption capacities of both ions on SAC increased with the increasing initial pH value and temperature in the solutions, and the adsorption equilibrium was approached at 10 min. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and depicted well by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, and the equilibrium adsorption fitted reasonably well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 58.48 and 59.01 mg/g, respectively, in the single-element systems. However, it reduced to 25.32 and 31.09 mg/g, respectively, in the double-element system. The physicochemical property analysis showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of SAC was 435.65 m2/g, 35.68 mL/g, and 3.86 nm, respectively. The SAC contained groups of -OH, C = O, and P = O. Results suggest that SAC had a good performance for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from solution, and the adsorption selectivity sequence was Pb(II) > Cd(II).

scholarly journals Synergy Effect of Nitrogen and Molybdenum on Activated Carbon Matrix for Selective Adsorptive Desulfurization: Insights into Surface Chemistry Modification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa O Azeez ◽  
Abdulkadir Tanimu ◽  
Khalid Alhooshani ◽  
Saheed A. Ganiyu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Adsorptive Desulfurization ◽  
X Ray

Abstract This study reports the synthesis of mesoporous metal-modified nitrogen doped activated carbon (AC-N-Mo) from date seeds by ZnCl2 activation and its applicability for selective adsorptive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The AC-N-Mo exhibits higher adsorption capacity for DBT at 100 mg-S/L with the maximum value of 99.7% corresponding to 19.94 mg-S/g at room temperature than the unmodified carbon with 17.96 mg-S/g despite its highest surface area and pore volume of 1027 m2g− 1 and 0.55 cm3g− 1 respectively. The adsorption capacity breakthrough follows the order AC-N-Mo > AC-Mo > AC > AC-N. AC-N-Mo also displayed excellent selectivity in the presence of aromatics (toluene, naphthalene and 1-methylisoquinoline). The enhancement in the DBT uptake capacities of AC-N-Mo is attributed to synergy effect of nitrogen heteroatom that aid well dispersion of molybdenum nanoparticles on carbon surface thereby improving its surface chemistry and promising textural characteristics. The kinetic studies showed that the DBT adsorption proceeds via pseudo-second order kinetics while the isotherm revealed that both Freundlich and Langmuir fit the data but Freundlich fit the data more accurately for the best performing adsorbent. The physico-chemical properties (surface area, pore volume, carbon content, particle size etc.) of as-prepared adsorbents namely; AC, AC-N, AC-N-Mo and AC-Mo were characterized by N2- physisorption, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Spectroscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Raman Spectroscopy (RS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ammonia-Temperature-Programmed Desorption (NH3-TPD).

scholarly journals The Effect of Sulphur Dioxide Exposure under Controlled Environmental Conditions on the Challenge Performance of Copper and Chromate Impregnated Active Carbon against Hydrogen Cyanide

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J.C. Anstice ◽  
J.F. Alder
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Active Centres

An ASC/T (Cu2+, Cr6+, Ag and triethylenediamine impregnated) Whetlerite activated carbon sample was exposed to a flow rate of 1 l/min, 0.746 mg/l SO2 in 80% RH air at 22°C for up to 510 min. Samples were subsequently challenged with 2 mg/l HCN in an identical diluent gas stream. Increasing SO2 exposure resulted in accelerated HCN and (CN)2 bed penetration. The basic shapes of the breakthrough profiles were however essentially unchanged. This observation is in accordance with numerical analysis of these results using Hinshelwood's adsorption model, which suggested that the adsorption rate constant was not significantly affected by SO2 but rather the pollutant exposure resulted in the number of active centres on the carbon surface being reduced and the effective bed depth of the sample being shortened. This loss in active centres was thought most likely to result from the reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Prawn Shell and Its Application for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guo ◽  
Yaqin Song ◽  
Xiaoyang Ji ◽  
Lili Ji ◽  
Lu Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Effects Of Ph

The aim of this study was to optimize the adsorption performance of activated carbon (AC), derived from the shell of Penaeus vannamei prawns, on heavy metal ions. Inexpensive, non-toxic, and renewable prawn shells were subjected to carbonization and, subsequently, KOH-activation to produce nanoporous K-Ac. Carbonized prawn shells (CPS) and nanoporous KOH-activated carbon (K-Ac) from prawn shells were prepared and characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that as-produced K-Ac samples were a porous material with microporous and mesoporous structures and had a high specific surface area of 3160 m2/g, average pore size of about 10 nm, and large pore volume of 2.38 m3/g. Furthermore, batches of K-Ac samples were employed for testing the adsorption behavior of Cd2+ in solution. The effects of pH value, initial concentration, and adsorption time on Cd2+ were systematically investigated. Kinetics and isotherm model analysis of the adsorption of Cd2+ on K-Ac showed that experimental data were not only consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, but also well-described by the quasi-first-order model. Finally, the adsorption behaviors of as-prepared K-Ac were also tested in a ternary mixture of heavy metal ions Cu2+, Cr6+, and Cd2+, and the total adsorption amount of 560 mg/g was obtained.

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption on high microporous activated carbons prepared from oily sludge: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mojoudi ◽  
N. Mirghaffari ◽  
M. Soleimani ◽  
H. Shariatmadari ◽  
C. Belver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the preparation, characterization and application of high-performance activated carbons (ACs) derived from oily sludge through chemical activation by KOH. The produced ACs were characterized using iodine number, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions showed a predominantly microporous structure with a BET surface area of 2263 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 1.37 cm3 g−1 and a micro pore volume of 1.004 cm3 g−1. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data of phenol fitted well to the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model (434 mg g−1) with a relatively fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time of 30 min) was achieved under an optimum pH value of 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption of phenol from the adsorbent using 0.1 M NaOH was about 87.8% in the first adsorption/desorption cycle and did not decrease significantly after three cycles. Overall, the synthesized activated carbon from oily sludge could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from polluted water.

Modeling of heavy metals removal from aqueous solution using activated carbon produced from cotton stalk

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1612-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Zayat ◽  
Edward Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Surface Complexation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Carbon Surface

Activated carbon produced from cotton stalks was examined for the removal of heavy metal contaminants. Adsorption studies in completely mixed batch reactors were used to generate equilibrium pH adsorption edges. Continuous flow experiments using the activated carbon in fixed beds were conducted to determine heavy metal breakthrough versus bed volumes treated. At given pH value in the range 5–7, the adsorption capacity was similar for copper and lead and clearly greater than for cadmium. A surface titration experiment indicated negative surface charge of the activated carbon at pH > 6, meaning that electrostatic attraction of the divalent heavy metals can occur below the pH required for precipitation. Substantive metal removal below the pH of zero charge might be due to surface complexation. Accordingly, a surface complexation model approach that utilizes an electrostatic term in the double-layer description was used to estimate equilibrium constants for the protolysis interactions of the activated carbon surface as well as equilibria between background ions used to establish ionic strength and the sorbent surface. Pb(II) adsorption edges were best modeled using inner-layer surface complexation of Pb2+, while Cd(II) and Cu(II) data were best fit by outer-layer complexes with Me2+. The full set of equilibrium constants were used as input in a dual-rate dynamic model to simulate the breakthrough curves of the target metals (Pb, Cu and Cd) from fixed bed experiments and to estimate external (or film) diffusion and internal (surface) diffusion coefficients.

Optimization of Experimental Conditions for the Preparation of High Specific Surface Area Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon

2015 ◽  
Vol 1090 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhou Zhang ◽  
Hong Ying Xia ◽  
Li Bo Zhang ◽  
Jin Hui Peng ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Average Pore

Bamboo as the raw material is carbonized to prepare high specific surface area activated carbon by microwave heating under nitrogen atmosphere in our present work. Influences of activation agents on the preparation of activated carbon are studied. The results show that activation agents have a significant influence on the preparation of activated carbon. Under the heating time of 15 min, the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon prepared utilizing KOH as activation agent is the best. When the KOH/C ratio is 4, the iodine number and yield of activated carbon are 2298 mg/g and 39.82%, respectively. The BET specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of activated carbon are 3441 m2/g, 2.093 ml/g and 2.434 nm, respectively. The micropore volume of 1.304 ml/g is 62.30% of total pore volume, indicating that the activated carbon is microporous activated carbon.

Microstructure and Oxygen Functional Groups on Modified Liquefied Wooden Activated Carbon Fibers with Hydrogen Peroxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 2003-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Gaungjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Oxygen Functional Groups

The aim of this study is to investigate changes in microstructure and oxygen functional groups of liquefied wood activated carbon fibers using density functional theory, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Samples were immersed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at three concentrations (15, 20, and 25 wt%), three temperatures (90, 70, and 50 °C) for three periods of time (1, 2, and 3 h). The results reveals that the pores average radius narrow, and micropores turn into mesopores or macropores with the increasing process, which brings about the surface area of treated samples decrease. Numerous oxygen functional groups are observed in the treated samples, and the ratios of oxygen and carbon increase from 3.2% before treated to 14.7% with H2O2 modification. The results confirm that the average pore radius and surface area decrease during treatment due to concentration and temperature. What is more, oxygen functional groups increase significantly with increasing treatment concentration.

Experimental Research on the Preparation of Porous Activated Carbon from Orange Wastes

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1907-1910
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Heat Preservation

Porous activated carbon was prepared from orange wastes using zinc chloride as an activating agent by one-step carbonization method. Effects of impregnation ratio, carbonization temperature and heat preservation time on pore characteristics of activated carbon were studied. The porous structures of the orange wastes activated carbon were investigated by BET, D-R equations, BJH equations and Kelvin theory. The morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mesoporous activated carbon is gained when the impregnation ratio is 3:1; the carbonization temperature is 550°Cand heat preservation time is 1.0 h. The activated carbon has total pore volume 2.098 cm3/g, mesoporous pore volume 1.438 cm3/g, with a high BET surface area 1476m2/g. The pore distribution of the mesoporous activated carbon is very concentrative, with average pore diameter of 3.88nm. While, the high specific surface area activated carbon is gained when the impregnation ratio is 2:1; the carbonization temperature is 550°Cand heat preservation time is 1.0 h. The activated carbon has high BET surface area 1909 m2/g, while the total pore volume is only 1.448cm3/g and microporous pore volume is 0.889cm3/g, with average pore diameter of 2.29 nm.

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