Modeling of heavy metals removal from aqueous solution using activated carbon produced from cotton stalk

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1612-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Zayat ◽  
Edward Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Surface Complexation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Carbon Surface

Activated carbon produced from cotton stalks was examined for the removal of heavy metal contaminants. Adsorption studies in completely mixed batch reactors were used to generate equilibrium pH adsorption edges. Continuous flow experiments using the activated carbon in fixed beds were conducted to determine heavy metal breakthrough versus bed volumes treated. At given pH value in the range 5–7, the adsorption capacity was similar for copper and lead and clearly greater than for cadmium. A surface titration experiment indicated negative surface charge of the activated carbon at pH > 6, meaning that electrostatic attraction of the divalent heavy metals can occur below the pH required for precipitation. Substantive metal removal below the pH of zero charge might be due to surface complexation. Accordingly, a surface complexation model approach that utilizes an electrostatic term in the double-layer description was used to estimate equilibrium constants for the protolysis interactions of the activated carbon surface as well as equilibria between background ions used to establish ionic strength and the sorbent surface. Pb(II) adsorption edges were best modeled using inner-layer surface complexation of Pb2+, while Cd(II) and Cu(II) data were best fit by outer-layer complexes with Me2+. The full set of equilibrium constants were used as input in a dual-rate dynamic model to simulate the breakthrough curves of the target metals (Pb, Cu and Cd) from fixed bed experiments and to estimate external (or film) diffusion and internal (surface) diffusion coefficients.

Equilibrium analysis for heavy metal cation removal using cement kiln dust

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Zayat ◽  
Sherien Elagroudy ◽  
Salah El Haggar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Surface Complexation ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Kiln Dust

Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and chemical precipitation have been investigated extensively for heavy metal uptake. However, they are deemed too expensive to meet stringent effluent characteristics. In this study, cement kiln dust (CKD) was examined for the removal of target heavy metals. Adsorption studies in completely mixed batch reactors were used to generate equilibrium pH adsorption edges. Studies showed the ability of CKD to remove the target heavy metals in a pH range below that of precipitation after an equilibrium reaction time of 24 h. A surface titration experiment indicated negative surface charge of the CKD at pH below 10, meaning that electrostatic attraction of the divalent metals can occur below the pH required for precipitation. However, surface complexation was also important due to the substantive metal removal. Accordingly, a surface complexation model approach that utilizes an electrostatic term in the double-layer description was used to estimate equilibrium constants for the protolysis interactions of the CKD surface as well as equilibria between background ions and the sorbent surface. It was concluded that the removal strength of adsorption is in the order: Pb > Cu > Cd. The experiments were also supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

scholarly journals Cu adsorption in fixed bed column with three different influent concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Huang-Mu Lo ◽  
Kae-Long Lin ◽  
Min-Hsin Liu ◽  
Hsung-Ying Chiu ◽  
Fang-Cheng Lo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thomas Model ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Nelson Model ◽  
Influent Concentration ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Metals Removal

Heavy metals from the electroplating wastewater might cause environmental pollution if not well treated. Generally, carbon adsorption might be used for the final step for further trace metals removal. This study investigated the heavy metal Cu adsorption in the fixed bed column with 1, 10 and 100 mg/L influent concentration. Results showed that KAB decreased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L while N0 increased as influent concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L as can be found in Adams-Bohart model. R2 was found between 0.8579 and 0.9182. In Thomas model. KTH and q0 showed the similar trend as KAB and N0 in the Adams-Bohart model. KTH decreased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L. q0 increased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L. R2 of regression model was found between 0.9065 and 0.9836. In Yoon-Nelson model. KYN increased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L while τ decreased as influent Cu concentration increased from 1 to 100 mg/L. Results showed that the three models of Adams-Bohart model, Thmoas model and The Yoon-Nelson model were suitable for the description of Cu adsorption by activated carbon.

scholarly journals Investigation of Adsorbent Characteristics of Carbonized Low-Density Woods in the Treatment of Textile Effluent

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor O. Fatokun ◽  
Femi K. Owofadeju ◽  
Oluseyi E. Ewemoje ◽  
Temitayo A. Ewemoje
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

Textile industries wastewater contains pollutants which vary greatly and depend on the chemicals and treatment processes used. Toxic heavy metals in wastewater are discharged into the environment, which adversely affect human, aquatic life, and natural water bodies. This study was therefore designed to investigate adsorption of heavy metal ions (Cadmium, Zinc, Manganese, Chromium and iron) in raw textile wastewater using activated carbon from Cordia millenii and Gmelina arborea wood species. Carbon structural pattern was examined using SEM equipment. Batch sorption tests were conducted in wastewater treatment by varying absorbent contact time with the sorbate from 30 to 120minutes (at 30minutes intervals) to facilitate attainment of equilibrium condition. The pore space diameter mean values were 9.28±1.22 and 4.45±1.57µm for Cordia millenii Carbon (CMC) and Gmelina arborea Carbon (GAC) respectively. It was observed that over 80% Manganese removal was achieved at 120minutes contact time for both carbon studied. Highest removal efficiencies was observed at all contact times in GAC for iron while in CMC for Chromium, Cadmium, Zinc and Manganese between 30-90minutes contact time. After 120 minutes contact time, there was insignificant difference in removal efficiency for Chromium and Manganese. However, at 30minutes contact time, percentage removal of over 60% was obtained for Manganese, implying that Manganese has high mobility towards the adsorbents surface. The activated carbons obtained from these two wood species are therefore viable options for heavy metal removal from textile effluents. Keywords— Adsorption, activated carbon, Cordia millenii carbon, Gmelina arborea carbon, heavy metals.

scholarly journals Factory Tea Waste Biosorbent for Cu(II) and Zn(II) Removal from Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Patrick Tan Peng Jun ◽  
Wan Nur Aisyah Wan Osman ◽  
Shafirah Samsuri ◽  
Juniza Md Saad ◽  
Muhamad Fadli Samsudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Tea Waste

Recent studies have shown great interest toward heavy metal removal due to its hazardous and non-biodegradable properties. Many approaches have been used for this purpose and one of them is adsorption. In this study, several experiments were carried out to investigate the feasibility of factory tea waste as a biosorbent in a fixed-bed adsorption column for heavy metal removal (zinc and copper) in wastewater. The results highlighted that zinc has better performance compared to copper in terms of the effect of initial ion concentration, pH value, and the mixed ions with respect to the removal efficiency. Zinc showed higher removal efficiency and adsorption capacity at the initial metal ion concentration of 200 mg/L, which are 99.21% and 39.68 mg/mg compared to copper. Meanwhile, for the effect of pH values and mixed ion concentration, zinc also showed slightly higher removal efficiency which are 99.91% and 98.47%, respectively compared to copper. However, both zinc and copper showed a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm. The factory tea waste was characterized using Micromeritics ASAP 2020 instrument and results showed that the factory tea waste biosorbent consists of mesopores with the diameter and width of 4.85205 and 2.546985 nm, respectively.

Heavy Metal Removal Using Bound Macrocycles

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Izatt ◽  
R. L. Bruening ◽  
M. B. Borup
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Heavy Metal Cations ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Alkaline Earth Cations

Aza macrocycles bound to silica gel beads were found to selectively remove heavy metal cations such as Pb2+, Cd2+, Ag+, and Hg2+ from aqueous solutions. These bound macrocycles have a virtually infinite selectivity of binding with heavy metals over alkali and alkaline earth cations. The material is very stable and can be reused hundreds of times. Columns may be regenerated using an acidic eluent solution. Equilibrium constants were determined by column tests. Removal of heavy metals was demonstrated in bench scale tests using a synthetic contaminated water and in pilot scale tests using a naturally contaminated river water. Heavy metal concentrations could be effectively reduced to the µg/L level using the process.

MODIFIED CARBON FIBER. USING THEM TO REMOVE METAL AND ORGANIC IMPURITIES FROM AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira R. Valinurova ◽  
Gulnaz F. Shaymukhametova ◽  
Alena A. Kozhanova ◽  
Ekaterina O. Fokina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Graphitized Carbon

The adsorption properties of activated and graphitized carbon fibers to heavy metal ions, phenols and anilines have been studied. It is shown that carbon fibers, modified by oxidation with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids, quantitatively extract ions of heavy metals from water. The distribution and selectivity coefficients of adsorption of heavy metal ions on an activated carbon fiber and its oxidized samples are calculated, and selectivity series of adsorption are presented. Preliminary treatment of carbon fibers with organic reagents containing heteroatoms-donors of activity and selectivity was carried out. Preliminary application of urea to the surface of the carbon fiber, reduces the time of establishment of adsorption equilibrium from 1.5 - 2 h to 40 min, and increases the recovery of bismuth to 64%. Modification of the carbon fiber with thiourea allows quantitatively (99%) to recover bismuth from water in 20 min. The degree of extraction of tin by modified thiourea fiber increases by 14% and reaches 53%. Molybdenum (VI) and mercury (II) are recovered by activated carbon fiber modified with a 15% solution of thiourea by 80% and 99%, respectively. Modification of the surface of activated and graphitized carbon fibers with C60 fullerenes increases the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon fiber to cadmium ions to 69%, and of graphitized carbon fiber to 64%. From the Langmuir equation rectified in the coordinates of the adsorption isotherms of organic and inorganic adsorbates, the monolayer capacitances and the sorption equilibrium constants are calculated. Static exchange capacities of carbon adsorbents for ions of heavy metals vary in the range from 2.8 to 23.0 mg/g. The adsorption equilibrium constants range from 0.1·103 to 9.0·103. It is shown that the adsorption of phenols and anilines depends on the mutual arrangement of the functional groups in the adsorbate molecules. The adsorption equilibrium constants of para-substituted derivatives of phenol and aniline are somewhat lower than those of meta- and ortho-derivatives, the functional groups of which are bound by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and can’t participate fully in adsorption.  

scholarly journals Oil palm empty fruit bunch valorization for activated and non-activated carbon nanoparticles and its heavy-metal-removal efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Zubaidah ◽  
Adisti Permatasari Putri Hartoyo ◽  
Januard Kristian Sihombing ◽  
Elis Nina Herliyana ◽  
Saptadi Darmawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

Abstract In this study, we examined activated and non-activated carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers for their nanomaterial characteristics and their potential effectiveness in heavy metal removal. To investigate these properties, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry were employed. This study shows that both the activated and the non-activated CNPs were in the form of well-dispersed and aggregated particles. As analyzed using SEM, the external surfaces of the non-activated CNPs were determined to be irregular, while those of the activated CNPs had a more circular shape without aggregation. Carbon was the most dominant element observed in these CNPs, and the occurrence of its activation process altered the chemical functional groups of the non-activated CNPs by shifting their wavenumbers and intensities. Additionally, the activation process increased the crystallinity domain in the activated CNPs. OPEFB fibers could be valorized to obtain both activated and non-activated CNPs that had the potential efficiency to remove heavy metals, including copper (Cu), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) at certain times. Based on the analysis of the Langmuir and Freundlich models, the activated and non-activated CNPs were found to have shown favorable adsorption to Cu, Pb, and Fe, with a percentage of heavy metal removal of over 84%. The adsorption of heavy metals was carried out via a chemical process.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium and Divalent Lead Ions on the Nitrogen-Enriched Chitosan-Based Activated Carbon

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1907
Author(s):  
Fatma Hussain Emamy ◽  
Ali Bumajdad ◽  
Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Optimizing the physicochemical properties of the chitosan-based activated carbon (Ch-ACs) can greatly enhance its performance toward heavy metal removal from contaminated water. Herein, Ch was converted into a high surface area (1556 m2/g) and porous (0.69 cm3/g) ACs with large content of nitrogen (~16 wt%) using K2CO3 activator and urea as nitrogen-enrichment agents. The prepared Ch-ACs were tested for the removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) at different pH, initial metal ions concentration, time, activated carbon dosage, and temperature. For Cr(VI), the best removal was at pH = 2, while for Pb(II) the best pH for its removal was in the range of 4–6. At 25 °C, the Temkin model gives the best fit for the adsorption of Cr(VI), while the Langmuir model was found to be better for Pb(II) ions. The kinetics of adsorption of both heavy metal ions were found to be well-fitted by a pseudo-second-order model. The findings show that the efficiency and the green properties (availability, recyclability, and cost effectiveness) of the developed adsorbent made it a good candidate for wastewaters treatment. As preliminary work, the prepared sorbent was also tested regarding the removal of heavy metals and other contaminations from real wastewater and the obtained results were found to be promising.

A Review on Current Development of Animal Bone-Based Sorbent for Heavy Metals Removal from Contaminated Water and Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Sri Martini ◽  
Kiagus Ahmad Roni ◽  
Dian Kharismadewi ◽  
Erna Yuliwaty
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Cow Bone

This review article presents the usage of various animal bones such as chicken bone, fish bone, pig bone, camel bone, and cow bone as reliable biosorbent materials to remove heavy metals contained in contaminated water and wastewater. The sources and toxicity effects of heavy metal ions are also discussed properly. Then specific insights related to adsorption process and its influential factors along with the proven potentiality of selected biosorbents especially derived from animal bone are also explained. As the biosorbents are rich in particular organic and inorganic compounds and functional groups in nature, they play an important role in heavy metal removal from contaminated solutions. Overall, after conducting study reports on the literature, a brief conclusion can be drawn that animal bone waste has satisfactory efficacy as effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly sorbent material.

scholarly journals Optimization of pH, temperature and carbon source for bioleaching of heavy metals by Aspergillus flavus isolated from contaminated soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Qayyum ◽  
Ke Meng ◽  
Sidra Pervez ◽  
Faiza Nawaz ◽  
Changsheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Molecular Biological Analysis ◽  
One Step ◽  
Industrial Mining

Abstract Soil contamination with heavy metal content is a growing concern throughout the world as a result of industrial, mining, agricultural and domestic activities. Fungi are the most common and efficient group of heavy metal resistant microbe family which have potential for metal bioleaching. The use of filamentous fungi in bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated soil has been developed recently. The current study intends to isolate a strain with the ability to degrade the pH value of the liquid medium. Identification results based on morphological and molecular biological analysis gave a 98% match to Aspergillus flavus. Batch experiments were conducted to select the optimal conditions for bioleaching process which indicated that 130 mg/ L sucrose, neutral pH and temperature of 30°C were more suitable during 15-day bioleaching experiments using A. flavus. In one-step bioleaching, the bioleaching efficiencies were 18.16% for Pb, 39.77% for Cd and 58.22% for Zn+2, while two-step bioleaching showed efficiencies of 16.91% for Pb, 49.66% for Cd and 65.73% for Zn+2. Overall, this study indicates that bioleaching of heavy metals in contaminated soil using A. flavus has the potential for contaminated soil remediation.

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