Improving Moisture Proof of PET by Blending with PEN for Soya Bean Oil Packaging

The improvement of the moisture barrier properties of PET via blending with PEN was studied. The microstructure of the bottle parisons and bottles were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The transesterification reaction during PET/PEN injection molding and blow molding were confirmed by 1H-NMR. Water vapor permeability of PET bottle and PET/PEN blends bottle was determined. Water and volatile matter concentration and acid value were determined during store of soya bean oil: without any package; packed in the PET bottles; and PET/PEN blends bottles under 24±2°C and RH80% condition to compare the difference between PET and PET/PEN blends bottles. The result indicated that the transesterification reaction happening during PET/PEN blends injection and blow molding improved compatibility of PET and PEN. The microstructure of PET/PEN blends was continuous and compact. It means that the PET/PEN blends bottle had better moisture barrier properties. The result showed that for soya bean oil packaging the moisture barrier ability of PET/PEN blends bottle was increased 77.4% comparing with PET bottle.

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Fabrication and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) modified with nano-montmorillonite biocomposite

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly-2021-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 038-046

Author(s):

Xu Yan ◽

Wanru Zhou ◽

Xiaojun Ma ◽

Binqing Sun

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Oxygen Permeability ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Nucleating Agent ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Casting Method ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Solution Casting Method

Abstract In this study, a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) modified with nano-montmorillonite biocomposite (MMT/PHBH) was fabricated by solution-casting method. The results showed that the addition of MMT increased the crystallinity and the number of spherulites, which indicated that MMT was an effective nucleating agent for PHBH. The maximum decomposition peak of the biocomposites moved to a high temperature and residue presented an increasing trend. The biocomposites showed the best thermal stability at 1 wt% MMT. Compared with PHBH, 182.5% and 111.2% improvement in elastic modulus and tensile strength were obtained, respectively. Moreover, the oxygen permeability coefficient and the water vapor permeability of MMT/PHBH biocomposites decreased by 43.9% and 6.9%, respectively. It was also found that the simultaneous enhancements on the crystallizing, thermal stability, mechanical, and barrier properties of biocomposites were mainly caused by the formation of intercalated structure between PHBH and MMT.

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Preparation and Characterization of Edible Dialdehyde Carboxymethyl Cellulose Crosslinked Feather Keratin Films for Food Packaging

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12010158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

Yao Dou ◽

Liguang Zhang ◽

Buning Zhang ◽

Ming He ◽

Weimei Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Light Transmission ◽

Value Added ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Edible Films ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Feather Keratin

The development of edible films based on the natural biopolymer feather keratin (FK) from poultry feathers is of great interest to food packaging. Edible dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) crosslinked FK films plasticized with glycerol were prepared by a casting method. The effect of DCMC crosslinking on the microstructure, light transmission, aggregate structure, tensile properties, water resistance and water vapor barrier were investigated. The results indicated the formation of both covalent and hydrogen bonding between FK and DCMC to form amorphous FK/DCMC films with good UV-barrier properties and transmittance. However, with increasing DCMC content, a decrease in tensile strength of the FK films indicated that plasticization, induced by hydrophilic properties of the DCMC, partly offset the crosslinking effect. Reduction in the moisture content, solubility and water vapor permeability indicated that DCMC crosslinking slightly reduced the moisture sensitivity of the FK films. Thus, DCMC crosslinking increased the potential viability of the FK films for food packaging applications, offering a value-added product.

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Improving Thermal, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties of Feather Keratin/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Nanocomposite Films by Incorporating Sodium Montmorillonite and TiO2

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9020298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 298 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shufang Wu ◽

Xunjun Chen ◽

Minghao Yi ◽

Jianfang Ge ◽

Guoqiang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Light Transmittance ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Sodium Montmorillonite ◽

Feather Keratin

In this study, feather keratin/polyvinyl alcohol/tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (FK/PVA/Tris) bionanocomposite films containing two types of nanoparticles, namely one-dimensional sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay platelets (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) and three-dimensional TiO2 nanospheres (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt%), are prepared using solvent casting method. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the completely exfoliated structure of FK/PVA/Tris/MMT nanocomposites. The successful formation of new hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the film matrix and the nanofillers is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and initial degradation temperature of the films are enhanced after MMT and TiO2 incorporation. The water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and light transmittance decrease with increase in TiO2 and MMT contents. In summary, nanoblending is an effective method to promote the application of FK/PVA/Tris blend films in the packaging field.

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Characterization of Barnyard Millet Starch Films Containing Borage Seed Oil

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings7110183 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Thi Cao ◽

So-Young Yang ◽

Kyung Song

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

B Value ◽

Edible Films ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Barnyard Millet

In this study, barnyard millet starch (BMS) was used to prepare edible films. Antioxidant activity was conferred to the BMS film by incorporating borage seed oil (BO). The physical, optical, and thermal properties as well as antioxidant activities of the films were evaluated. The incorporation of BO into the BMS films decreased the tensile strength from 9.46 to 4.69 MPa and increased the elongation at break of the films from 82.49% to 103.87%. Water vapor permeability, water solubility, and moisture content of the BMS films decreased with increasing BO concentration, whereas Hunter b value and opacity increased, L and a values of the films decreased. The BMS films containing BO exhibited antioxidant activity that increased proportionally with increased BO concentration. In particular, the BMS film with 1.0% BO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and light barrier properties among the BMS films. Therefore, the BMS films with added BO can be used as an antioxidant packaging material.

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The Structure and Properties Research on Poly(Lactide-Co-Trimethylene Carbonate) Film Prepared by Blow Molding

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1930 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 750-752 ◽

pp. 1930-1933

Author(s):

Jiang Ping Chang ◽

Hong Li Li ◽

Ying Jie Zhang ◽

Guo Xian Zhou ◽

Ming Long Yuan

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Ring Opening ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Trimethylene Carbonate ◽

Blown Films ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Blow Molding ◽

Food And Beverage ◽

Carbonate Film

The poly (lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) copolymers are prepared by ring opening polymerization and catalyzed by SnOct and their films are prepared by blow molding. The 1HNMR study demonstrates that PLA-PTMC copolymers were successfully obtained and the graft way is A-B model. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films decreases with the increasing TMC content due to the formation of denser structure. The mechanical measurement reveals that the tensile strength of blown films has been declined with the increasing TMC content, but the elongation at break is improved and the tensile strength can be satisfied for the requirement of film product. Therefore, the copolymer film will be great prospect in the application of food and beverage packing.

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Effect of chitosan addition in starch and poly(lactic acid) sheets produced by extrusion

Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Alimentos ◽

10.14685/rebrapa.v6i1.208 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Matheus Luz Alberti ◽

Sílvio José De Souza ◽

Heliberto Gonçalves ◽

Fabio Yamashita ◽

Marianne Ayumi Shirai

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Water Vapor Barrier

The use of blends containing biodegradable polymers like starch and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has gained considerable attention, especially for the food packaging production. Current research has also highlighted the use of chitosan because their antimicrobial activity, biodegradability and applicability in the production of active biodegradable food packaging. The objective of this work was to produce cassava starch and PLA sheets incorporated with chitosan by flat extrusion process (calendering-extrusion), and evaluate the mechanical, water vapor barrier and microstructural properties. In order to simplify the obtainment of the material reducing processing steps, all components of the blend were homogenized in one step extrusion The incorporation of chitosan in the starch/PLA sheets decreased significantly the tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break and density. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy images showed the formation of non-homogeneous mixtures with the presence of pores between the blend compounds, and this fact affected the water vapor barrier properties increasing water vapor permeability, solubility and diffusion coefficients. It was possible to conclude that although the incorporation of chitosan to the starch/PLA sheets has not contributed to obtain materials with suitable properties, it was able to produce them by calendering-extrusion process in pilot scale. Studies about chitosan incorporation in starch and PLA sheets still needed. DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v6i1.208

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Packaging Composite Films Fabricated from Cellulose Pulp with Polyurethane and Curcumin by Using NMMO ionic Liquid Solvent

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1063688/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chaehyun Jo ◽

Sam Soo Kim ◽

Srinivasan Ramalingam ◽

Prabakaran D. S ◽

Balasubramanian Rukmanikrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Visual Appearance ◽

Cellulose Pulp ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Uv Transmittance

Abstract Cellulose pulp (CP), polyurethane (PU), and curcumin-based biocompatible composite films were prepared using a simple cost-effective method. These materials dissolved well in the ionic liquid solvent N-methylmorpholine N-oxide. Significant structural and microstructural changes were observed in CP upon the addition of PU. These changes were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The 5% and 10% gravimetric losses of the CP/PU/curcumin composite were found to be in the range 87.2–182.3 ºC and 166.7–249.8 ºC, respectively. The addition of PU significantly improved the thermal stability and water barrier properties of the composites. All the composites exhibited single Tg values in the range 147.4–154.2 ºC. The tensile strength of CP was measured to be 93.2 MPa, which dropped to 14.1 MPa for the 1:0.5 CP/PU composite and then steadily increased to 30.5 MPa with further addition of PU. The elongation at break of the composites decreased from 8.1 to 3.7% with the addition of PU. The addition of PU also improved the water vapor permeability (3.96 ×10–9 to 1.75 ×10–9 g m–1 s–1 Pa–1) and swelling ratio (285 to 202%) of the CP composite films. The CP/PU/curcumin composite exhibited good antioxidant activity and no cytotoxicity when tested on the HaCat cell line. The visual appearance and UV transmittance (86.2–32.9% at 600 nm) of the CP composite films were significantly altered by the incorporation of PU and curcumin. This study demonstrates that CP/PU/curcumin composites can be used for various packaging and biomedical applications.

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Physical Properties of Starch/Powdered Activated Carbon Composite Films

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13244406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 4406

Author(s):

Anita Kwaśniewska ◽

Michał Świetlicki ◽

Adam Prószyński ◽

Grzegorz Gładyszewski

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Carbon Composite ◽

Powdered Activated Carbon ◽

Vapor Permeability

In the present study, starch/powdered activated carbon composite films were prepared by incorporating various amounts of powdered activated carbon (PAC)—1–5, 10, and 15 %—into a starch matrix, using the solvent casting method. The effect of PAC addition on the biopolymer film was investigated. The mechanical properties were examined by ultra-nanoindentation, nanoscratch, and micro-tensile tests. Since the mechanical properties of biopolymer films are correlated with their structure, the effect of PAC addition was tested using X-ray diffraction. The surface parameters morphology and wettability were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. The barrier properties were examined by determining water vapor permeability and the water solubility index. The obtained results did not show a monotonic dependence of the mechanical parameters on PAC content, with the exception of the maximum strain, which decreased as the amount of the additive increased. The visible effect of PAC addition was manifested in changes in the adhesive force value and in water vapor permeability (WVP). The barrier properties decreased with the increase of the filler content.

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Research on Preparation and Properties of Edible Composite Protein Films

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.87.213 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 213-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gui Yun Chen ◽

Qiao Lei

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Sodium Caseinate ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Edible Films ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Protein Films

Edible films based on whey protein isolate and sodium caseinate were prepared by uniform design method. Glycerol has been incorporated into the edible films as a plasticizer. For all types of films, the influences of components and forming temperature on film properties, such as mechanical properties, water solubility, optical properties, gas and water vapor permeability were investigated. The results suggested that glycerol was the most important factor influencing all the properties of edible composite protein films. However, both increases of sodium caseinate concentration and glycerol content contributed to decrease the barrier properties of gas and water vapor. Among the films studied, group D (prepared with 5% whey protein isolate, 2% sodium caseinate, 50% glycerol at the temperature of 50 °C) showed moderate mechanical properties, optical properties, water solubility and maximum barrier properties of gas and water vapor, with tensile strength=5.85MPa, elongation=101.20%, transparency=91.4%, gas permeability rate=49.92cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1and water vapor permeability of 0.128×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 0.260×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 0.513×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 1.252×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1at the RH gradient of 10-40%, 10-50%, 10-60%, 10-70%, respectively.

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Mechanical and Physical Properties of Soy Protein Films with pH-Modified Microstructures

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/1082013208092130 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

A.N. Mauri ◽

M.C. Añón

Keyword(s):

Soy Protein ◽

Disulfide Bonds ◽

Mechanical Test ◽

Soy Protein Isolate ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Protein Films ◽

The One

Mechanical, physical, and barrier properties of films obtained from soy protein isolate solutions at different pH were studied and correlated with the structural properties and the microstructure of films. Films obtained at pH 2 and 11, which had denser microstructures and a higher amount of disulfide bonds, showed a higher tensile strength — of about 1.05 MPa — and a higher Young's modulus — of at least 0.15MPa — than the one at pH 8. However, films formed at alkaline pH (8 and 11) exhibited a higher deformation than films at pH 2 — by about 70%. The presence of at least a protein fraction in native state allowed macromolecules to unfold during the mechanical test, reaching greater deformation before breaking. Acidic films exhibited higher water vapor permeability — of about 7 × 10-11 g/m s Pa — and water content — of about 1.5% — and a lower glass transition temperature — of at least 15 °C — than basic ones, due to their higher hydrophilic nature.

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