Analysis of the Surface Soil EC Dynamics and the Economic Benefit under the Subsurface Drainage System

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2821-2826
Author(s):  
Yu Min Yan ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Mao Mao Hou
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Economic Indexes ◽  
T1 And T2

Subsurface drainage was known as an effective method to solve salinity problems, in this paper, two different subsurface drainage systems were designed to study how the system affect the surface soil EC(electric conductivity), besides, the economic benefits of the system were evaluated. Results showed that: under the drainage system, the surface soil EC was in a trend of fluctuant reduction, the desalination ratio of T1.1, T1.2, T2.1, T2.2 and CK was 13.5%, 11.2%, 14.8%, 12.6%, and 6.0% respectively; the surface soil EC would present an rising trend in an irrigation cycle on account of the evaporation and the groundwater level, compared with CK, the drainage treatments could better suppress the soil resalination; the calculation results of economic indexes proved that both T1 and T2 could gain favorable economic benefits, and T2 was preferable with higher EIRR (16.4%), ENPV (4536$/hm2) and EBCR (1.48). The results also suggest that the subsurface drainage system was practicable from ecological and economic angle.

Studies on Salt and Water Movement in Secondary Salinized Greenhouse Soil under Subsurface Drainage

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Chang ◽  
Xiao Hou Shao ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Field Investigations

The secondary salinized greenhouse soil was provided with subsurface pipe drainage system with drainage spacing 6 m and drain depth 0.4m to study the movement of salt and water. The field investigations indicated that the resalination rates of the surface soil with subsurface drainage system were lower than those with non-drained system (CK) in an irrigation circle of the crop. The resalination rate of the surface soil right above the drainage tubes (T1) was significantly lower than that between the two drainage tubes (T2). At the 5th day after irrigation, the soil volumetric moisture contents of different treatments were significantly decreased and the resalination of surface soil were obvious. The results showed a considerable increase of resalination rate after irrigation that was varied at the 5th day as following sequence: CK(10.6%) > T2(8%) > T1(7%).

Effects of Subsurface Drainage Treatments on Chlorine Content in Mudflat Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2134-2137
Author(s):  
Yu Min Yan ◽  
Xue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Depth ◽  
Observation Results

To improve the soil condition in coastal area, subsurface drainage projects with different depth and space were established, and the materials were bellows combining with 40g/m2 geotechnical cloth and forage; in the study, the economic benefits were evaluated, and the soil samples before and after one typical rainfall were taken and observed. Results showed that the subsurface drainage system was proved to be feasible, with the EIRR of about 14.3%, ENPV of about 2697 $/hm2, and EBCR of about 1.36. On the other hand, subsurface drainage projects decreased the contents of Cl- in different soil layers significantly, especially T4, which obtained the optimum results, decreasing Cl- of each soil layer by more than 50% after the rainfall. From the observation results of the deeper soil, it was discovered that the lower depth was negative to the Cl- elimination in deeper soil layer. In practical, 0.9m depth and 10m space was appropriate for the application. Besides, the management and improvement of later stage were also important, in the reality situation of project conducted, the sludge elimination of the drainage pipes should be regarded as chief issue in later utilization of the drainage project.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Parallel Pipe Subsurface Drainage System in a Waterlogged Paddy Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (March) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kathirvel L ◽  
◽  
Manikandan M ◽  
Raviraj A ◽  
Baskar M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drain Pipe ◽  
Drain Spacing

Inadequate natural drainage facilities and flat lands causes, some of the Cauvery river basin command are suffering waterlogging and alkalinity problems during the canal water supply and period of excess rainfall. Subsurface drainage system is the method to lower the depth to groundwater level below the root zone and creates a favorable environment for crop growth. A study aimed to evaluate the performance of the parallel pipe subsurface system installed in farmers’ field at Sembari village, Lalgudi Taluk, Trichy District, Tamil Nadu in a waterlogged paddy field from October 2020 to February 2021. The field experiment was conducted with the combination of three lateral drain spacing (7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 m) and two drain depths (60 and 80 cm). 63 mm PVC perforated pipes wrapped with coir envelope were laid as lateral drains at a grade 0.3%. Inspection chambers connected with collector drains laid at a grade of 0.6% were used to measure the drain water discharge, observation wells installed midway between lateral pipes drains were used for measuring the depth to groundwater level. Hydraulic properties of soil, depth to water level, discharge collected in drain pipe were used as evaluation parameters. This study revealed that soil hydraulic conductivity had been increased to 30%, pH, EC and ESP has been reduced to 12, 54 and 20%, respectively. The system has performed well to alleviate the waterlogged condition in 7.5 m lateral drain spacing and 80 cm drain depth treatment by observing the higher rate of decrease in depth to water of 0.3 to 0.4 m and a drainage coefficient of 0.069 to 0.29 cm/day.

Penentuan Metode Intensitas Hujan Berdasarkan Karakteristik Hujan dari Stasiun Pengamat Hujan Disekitar Kecamatan Karawang Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Permatasari ◽  
M. Candra Nugraha ◽  
Etih Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Discharge Plan ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall ◽  
Method Approach

<p>The rain intensity is the high rainfall in unit of time. The length of rain will be reversed by the amount rain intensity. The shorter time the rain lasts, the greater of the intensity and re-period of its rain. The value of rain intensity is required to calculate the flood discharge plan on the drainage system planning area in East Karawang district. Determining the value rain intensity is required the maximum daily rainfall data obtained from the main observer stations in the Plawad station planning area. The method of determination rain intensity analysis can be done with three methods: Van Breen, Bell Tanimoto and Hasper der Weduwen. Selected method is based on the smallest deviation value. Determination deviation value is determined by comparing rain intensity value of Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen. By comparing rain intensity value of the Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen with the results of calculating three methods through the method approach Talbot, Sherman and Ishiguro. Calculation results show that the method of rain has smallest deviation standard is method Van Breen with Talbot approach for rainy period (PUH) 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years.</p>

scholarly journals The Security of Energy Supply from Internal Combustion Engines Using Coal Mine Methane—Forecasting of the Electrical Energy Generation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3049
Author(s):  
Marek Borowski ◽  
Piotr Życzkowski ◽  
Klaudia Zwolińska ◽  
Rafał Łuczak ◽  
Zbigniew Kuczera
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Methane Combustion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Coal Mine Methane

Increasing emissions from mining areas and a high global warming potential of methane have caused gas management to become a vital challenge. At the same time, it provides the opportunity to obtain economic benefits. In addition, the use of combined heat and power (CHP) in the case of coalbed methane combustion enables much more efficient use of this fuel. The article analyses the possibility of electricity production using gas engines fueled with methane captured from the Budryk coal mine in Poland. The basic issue concerning the energy production from coalbed methane is the continuity of supply, which is to ensure the required amount and concentration of the gas mixture for combustion. Hence, the reliability of supply for electricity production is of key importance. The analysis included the basic characterization of both the daily and annual methane capture by the mine’s methane drainage system, as well as the development of predictive models to determine electricity production based on hourly capture and time parameters. To forecast electricity production, predictive models that are based on five parameters have been adopted. Models were prepared based on three time variables, i.e., month, day, hour, and two values from the gas drainage system-capture and concentration of the methane. For this purpose, artificial neural networks with different properties were tested. The developed models have a high value of correlation coefficient. but showed deviations concerning the very low values persisting for a short time. The study shows that electricity production forecasting is possible, but it requires data on many variables that directly affect the production capacity of the system.

scholarly journals Advances and Challenging Issues in Subsurface Drainage Module Technology and BIOECODS: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 07005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrasheed Sa'id Abdurrasheed ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof ◽  
Husna Bt Takaijudin ◽  
Aminuddin Ab. Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flow Attenuation ◽  
Permeability Rate ◽  
Over Time

Subsurface drainage modules are important components of the Bio-ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS) which is a system designed to manage stormwater quantity and quality using constructed grass swales, subsurface modules, dry and wet ponds. BIOECODS is gradually gaining attention as one of the most ecologically sustainable solutions to the frequent flash floods in Malaysia and the rest of the world with a focus on the impact of the subsurface modules to the effectiveness of the system. Nearly two decades of post-construction research in the BIOECODS technology, there is need to review findings and areas of improvement in the system. Thus, this study highlighted the key advances and challenges in these subsurface drainage modules through an extensive review of related literature. From the study, more work is required on the hydraulic characteristics, flow attenuation and direct validation methods between field, laboratory, and numerical data. Also, there is concern over the loss of efficiency during the design life especially the infiltration capacity of the module, the state of the geotextile and hydronet over time. It is recommended for the sake of higher performance, that there should be an onsite methodology to assess the permeability, rate of clogging and condition of the geotextile as well as the hydronet over time.

scholarly journals Optimal fishing mortality assignment for southern hake Merluccius australis in Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625
Author(s):  
Felipe Lopez ◽  
Jorge Jimenez ◽  
Cristian Canales
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Objective Functions

Since 1979, southern hake (Merluccius australis) has been exploited in Chile from the Bio Bio to the Magallanes regions, between the parallels 41°28.6'S and 57°S. There is evidence of a constant fishing effort and a sustained reduction of the fish population, consistent with a progressive decrease in total annual catches. Management strategies based on the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and quota assignment/ distribution criteria have not been able to sustain acceptable biomass levels. A non-linear optimization model with two objective functions was proposed to determine an optimal total catch quota for more sustainable exploitation of this fishery. The first function maximizes the total catch over time in response to an optimal assignment of fishing mortality rates per fleet; the second function maximizes the total economic benefit associated with the total catch. The dynamics of the fish population were represented with the equations of a predictive age-structured model. Decision variables were fishing mortality rates and annual catch quotas per fleet, subject to constraints that guarantee a minimum level of biomass escape over a long-term period. The input parameters were obtained from the last stock evaluation report carried out by the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) of Chile. The historical background data of the fishery and the regulatory framework were relevant aspects of the methodology. Five scenarios were evaluated with the two objective functions, including a base scenario, which considered the referential mortality rate as input data as the average mortality rate per fleet from 2007 to 2012. Total economic benefits fluctuate between 102 and USD 442 million for total catches in the range of 108 to 421 thousand tons, which were obtained from maximizing the economic and biological objective functions. Economic benefit/catch ratios were reduced for scenarios with higher constraints on catch limits, and they were more efficient from a biological point of view. Situations with lighter constraints showed in general higher economic benefits and better performance ratios than those with stronger restrictions. The use of optimization models may provide a useful tool to evaluate the effect of regulations for adequate conservation and economical utilization of a limited resource.

scholarly journals Radioactive Contamination due to 241Am Lightning Rod Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
K. L. Karfopoulos ◽  
G. N. Papadakos ◽  
D. J. Karangelos ◽  
P. K. Rouni ◽  
N. P. Petropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Building Roof ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People

It is estimated that until 1978 about 200000 lightning conductor rods with -a emitting sources attached to their end were installed worldwide. The sources were supposed to increase the lighting collection efficiency of these rods through the ionization of the surrounding air. Nevertheless, this improvement has never been established conclusively. Such devices are, in most cases, not accessible by the pub- lic; therefore, the dose to the population is considered insignificant. However, the possibility of radioactive material leakage, due to the source attachment failure, and the subsequent contamination of the surroundings that could lead to possible health risk of the public cannot be excluded. In this work, the case of 241Am contamination due to a lightning rod conductor failure is investigated. This contamination was accidentally detected on the surface soil around a laboratory building in the National Technical University of Athens Campus, during a routine in-situ gamma-ray measurement campaign that took place in 2003. A detailed survey revealed that this 241Am contamination was due to the leakage from two lightning rods on the building roof. Consequently the rods were removed from the building and the contamination pattern on the roof and on the surface soil around the building was examined in detail. From the results obtained so far it may be concluded that there exists well localized contamination on the roof and also around the building. It was established that the pathway through which contamination reached the ground was  the rainwater drainage system of the building. The gamma ray dose rate due to 241Am contamination found on the roof and on the surface soil is low compared to that due to its natural radioactivity and does not seem to pose any health risk to the people working in the building or to the public.

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