Study of Disaster Prevention Design Criteria in Typhoon-Rainstorm Prone Regions of China

With global warming and sea level rising, the frequency and intensity of typhoon-rainstorm induced disasters have been increasing. The infrastructures in typhoon-rainstorm prone area are menaced by natural hazards. This paper aimed to compare the risk level for infrastructures designed by China design code and by our proposed Multivariate Compound Extreme Value Distribution (MCEVD) model. Risk assessment of some important infrastructures in typhoon-rainstorm prone areas are performed using MCEVD as follows: disaster prevention design water level for estuarine city Shanghai and design flood volume for Three Gorges Dam (TGD).The calculation results show that risk assessment based on MCEVD is a reasonable method for engineering planning, design, construction and management.

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Determining the Risk Level of Heavy Rain Damage by Region in South Korea

Water ◽

10.3390/w14020219 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

Jongsung Kim ◽

Donghyun Kim ◽

Myungjin Lee ◽

Heechan Han ◽

Hung Soo Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

South Korea ◽

Risk Index ◽

National Level ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Risk Level ◽

Disaster Prevention ◽

Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽

Regional Risk

For risk assessment, two methods, quantitative risk assessment and qualitative risk assessment, are used. In this study, we identified the regional risk level for a disaster-prevention plan for an overall area at the national level using qualitative risk assessment. To overcome the limitations of previous studies, a heavy rain damage risk index (HDRI) was proposed by clarifying the framework and using the indicator selection principle. Using historical damage data, we also carried out hierarchical cluster analysis to identify the major damage types that were not considered in previous risk-assessment studies. The result of the risk-level analysis revealed that risk levels are relatively high in some cities in South Korea where heavy rain damage occurs frequently or is severe. Five causes of damage were derived from this study—A: landslides, B: river inundation, C: poor drainage in arable areas, D: rapid water velocity, and E: inundation in urban lowlands. Finally, a prevention project was proposed considering regional risk level and damage type in this study. Our results can be used when macroscopically planning mid- to long-term disaster prevention projects.

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The prospects of occupational risk management during reforms of regulatory legislation basis

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2018-10-39-44 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vadim B. Alekseev ◽

Nina V. Zaitseva ◽

Pavel Z. Shur

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Risk Management ◽

Social Insurance ◽

Well Being ◽

Occupational Risk ◽

Risk Level ◽

Federal Law ◽

Work Safety ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Legal Principles

Despite wide legislation basis of regulating relations in work safety and workers’ health, one third of workplaces demonstrate exceeded allowable normal levels of workers’ exposure to occupational hazards and present occupational risk for health disorders.In accordance to national legislation acts, evaluation should cover factors of occupational environment and working process, and occupational risk is understood in context of mandatory social insurance. This approach has been formed due to mostly compensatory trend in legal principles of work safety in Russia by now. Implementation of new preventive concept of work safety, based on idea of risk management for workers, necessitates development of legal acts that regulate requirements to evaluation of occupational risk and its reports with consideration of changes in Federal Law on 30 March 1999 №52 FZ “On sanitary epidemiologic well-being of population”.Those acts can include Sanitary Rules and Regulations “Evaluation of occupational risk for workers’ health”, that will contain main principles of risk assessment, requirements to risk assessment, including its characteristics which can serve as a basis of categorizing the risk levels with acceptability.To standardize requirements for informing a worker on the occupational risk, the expediency is specification of sanitary rules “Notifying a worker on occupational risk”. These rules should contain requirements: to a source of data on occupational risk level at workplace, to informational content and to ways of notifying the worker. Specification and implementation of the stated documents enable to fulfil legal requirements completely on work safety — that will provide preservation and increase of efficiency in using work resources.

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SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION IN ITALY

NED University Journal of Research ◽

10.35453/nedjr-stmech-2019-0005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽

pp. 55-75

Author(s):

Fabio Sabetta

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Seismic Risk ◽

Safety Assessment ◽

Public Funding ◽

Tax Incentives ◽

Technical Training ◽

Disaster Prevention ◽

Existing Buildings ◽

Seismic Risk Assessment ◽

Post Disaster

In this paper, the main features of the policies adopted in Italy for seismic risk reduction are discussed. Particular attention is given to the Pre-disaster prevention activities such as the implementation of the building code, the seismic risk assessment for a priority scale of intervention, tax incentives and public funding for the vulnerability reduction of the existing buildings, information to population and school education, technical training of experts. The phases of response and post-disaster activities, including emergency management, search and rescue, loss scenarios, and safety assessment of buildings, are also discussed taking example from the most recent devastating earthquakes in Italy (L.Aquila 2009, Amatrice 2016).

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A Practical Approach to Quantitative Model Risk Assessment

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3565116 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carole Bernard ◽

Rodrigue Kazzi ◽

Steven Vanduffel

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Quantitative Model ◽

Practical Approach ◽

Model Risk

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Biological risk assessment: A challenge for occupational health and safety practitioners during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-205302 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Carlos Carvalhais ◽

Micaela Querido ◽

Cristiana C. Pereira ◽

Joana Santos

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Occupational Safety ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Occupational Safety And Health ◽

Risk Level ◽

Biological Risk ◽

Occupational Risks ◽

Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Medium Risk

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 global pandemic brought several challenges to occupational safety and health practice. One of these is the need to (re)assess the occupational risks, particularly, biological risks. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to promote guidance to occupational safety and health practitioners when conducting a biological risk assessment in this context. METHODS: The main steps of the biological risk assessment are explained with some inputs regarding the novelty posed by SARS-CoV-2 and an example of a qualitative risk assessment method is presented. Also, its application to two different activities was exemplified. RESULTS: In both cases, the assessment considered that vulnerable workers were working from home or in medical leave. The results showed low or medium risk level for the assessed tasks. For medium risk level, additional controls are advised, such maintain social distancing, sanitize instruments/equipment before use, use proper and well-maintained PPE (when applicable), and promote awareness sessions to spread good practices at work. Employers must be aware of their obligations regarding biological risk assessment and OSH practitioners must be prepared to screen and link the abundance of scientific evidence generated following the outbreak, with the technical practice. CONCLUSIONS: This paper could be an important contribution to OSH practice since it highlights the need to (re)assess occupational risks, especially biological risk, to ensure a safe return to work, providing technical guidance.

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Applying the risk principle to optimize accuracy and equity in correctional risk assessment: Results From a Simulation

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology ◽

10.1177/0306624x20986523 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0306624X2098652

Author(s):

Grant Duwe

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Predictive Accuracy ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Risk Assessments ◽

Risk Level ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Risk Principle ◽

Changes In Risk ◽

The Impact

As the use of risk assessments for correctional populations has grown, so has concern that these instruments exacerbate existing racial and ethnic disparities. While much of the attention arising from this concern has focused on how algorithms are designed, relatively little consideration has been given to how risk assessments are used. To this end, the present study tests whether application of the risk principle would help preserve predictive accuracy while, at the same time, mitigate disparities. Using a sample of 9,529 inmates released from Minnesota prisons who had been assessed multiple times during their confinement on a fully-automated risk assessment, this study relies on both actual and simulated data to examine the impact of program assignment decisions on changes in risk level from intake to release. The findings showed that while the risk principle was used in practice to some extent, the simulated results showed that greater adherence to the risk principle would increase reductions in risk levels and minimize the disparities observed at intake. The simulated data further revealed the most favorable outcomes would be achieved by not only applying the risk principle, but also by expanding program capacity for the higher-risk inmates in order to adequately reduce their risk.

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Pb Content, Risk Level and Primary-Source Apportionment in Wheat and Rice Grains in the Lihe River Watershed, Taihu Region, Eastern China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6256

Author(s):

Lian Chen ◽

Shenglu Zhou ◽

Qiong Yang ◽

Qingrong Li ◽

Dongxu Xing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Source Apportionment ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Eastern China ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Risk Level ◽

River Watershed ◽

Rice Grains

This study detailed a complete research from Lead (Pb) content level to ecological and health risk to direct- and primary-sources apportionment arising from wheat and rice grains, in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu region, East China. Ecological and health risk assessment were based on the pollution index and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health risk assessment model. A three-stage quantitative analysis program based on Pb isotope analysis to determine the relative contributions of primary sources involving (1) direct-source apportionment in grains with a two-end-member model, (2) apportionment of soil and dustfall sources using the IsoSource model, and (3) the integration of results of (1) and (2) was notedly first proposed. The results indicated that mean contents of Pb in wheat and rice grains were 0.54 and 0.45 mg/kg and both the bio-concentration factors (BCF) were <<1; the ecological risk pollution indices were 1.35 for wheat grains and 1.11 for rice grains; hazard quotient (HQ) values for adult and child indicating health risks through ingestion of grains were all <1; Coal-fired industrial sources account for up to 60% of Pb in the grains. This study provides insights into the management of grain Pb pollution and a new method for its source apportionment.

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Disaster Risk Assessment Among Iranian Exceptional Schools

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2020.425 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Seyedeh Samaneh Miresmaeeli ◽

Nafiseh Esmaeili ◽

Sepideh Sadeghi Ashlaghi ◽

Zahra Abbasi Dolatabadi

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Disaster Mitigation ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Risk Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fire Extinguishing ◽

Disaster Risk Assessment ◽

The Right

Abstract Background: Exceptional children, like other children, have the right to be educated in a safe environment. Disasters are considered as serious issues regarding safety and security of educational environments. Following disasters, vulnerable groups, especially children with handicaps and disabilities are more likely to be seriously injured. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the safety and disaster risk assessment of exceptional schools in Tehran, Iran. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in exceptional schools in Tehran, 2018. First, 55 exceptional schools in all grades were selected based on census sampling method and evaluated by using a checklist designed by Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO) and Ministry of Education in 2015. The data were analyzed using Excel software and statistical descriptive tests. Result: Based on the results, school facilities are worn and have unsafe elevators (least safety: 7.69%), yards (least safety: 9.52%), laboratories (least safety: 16.67%), libraries (least safety: 24.24%), fire extinguishing systems (least safety: 28.99%), and storage rooms and kitchens (least safety: 33.33%) which require immediate considerations. In total, the safety of exceptional schools in this study was 70.13%, which suggests medium-risk level. Conclusion: The educational settings must be reconsidered, along with identifying the risk and safety at school. In addition, a standard should be established for evaluating safety, especially in exceptional schools.

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WORK SAFETY SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION / DARBŲ SAUGOS SISTEMOS TOBULINIMAS STATYBOJE

Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis ◽

10.3846/mla.2011.027 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 26-29

Author(s):

Eglė Klumbytė

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Occupational Safety ◽

Safety System ◽

System Model ◽

Efficiency Improvement ◽

Work Safety ◽

Model Risk ◽

Construction Companies ◽

System Improvement

This article gives an overview of the statistics on accidents at work. The paper contains the methods for improvement of the occupational safety system and gives a description of the development and implementation of an integrated evaluation system model. Risk assessment is presented and specific measures for efficiency improvement of occupational safety at construction companies are introduced.

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