On-Machine Profile Measurement of Arc Grinding Wheel in 3-Axis Machine Using Non-Contact Displacement Sensor

2010 ◽  
Vol 37-38 ◽  
pp. 773-782
Author(s):  
Hao Huang ◽  
Xiang Yang Lei ◽  
Qiao Xu ◽  
Yin Biao Guo ◽  
Wei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Grit Size ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Wheel Profile ◽  
Contact Displacement

Grinding is a processing method that involves duplicating shape accuracy, so the shape accuracy of the grinding wheel plays a crucial role in machining accuracy. However, this accuracy is difficult to obtain. This paper describes an on-machine wheel profile measuring method that uses a non-contact displacement sensor to obtain the shape accuracy of an arc grinding wheel in a 3-axis aspheric surface grinding machine. This method involves data processing with object radius confined filtering, as well as evaluation using the methods of fitting residual error, measurement uncertainty, and machining result simulation. To verify the feasibility of this measuring method, experiments were performed using two diamond grinding wheels (FEPA D91 with grit size 75-90 μm, and FEPA D15 with grit size 10-25 μm). The experimental results indicate that the method is accurate enough to give the arc grinding wheel profile measurement, while the measuring uncertainty is of the same order of magnitude as the grit size (that is, tens of μm). Moreover, the simulation of the grinding effect with wheel profile measurement data can derive the relationship between the wheel profile error and the machining form error, and can be used to instruct the truing time determination for precision grinding.

A Non-Contact Displacement Sensor with Diffraction Grating Metrology System for Profile Measurement

2007 ◽  
Vol 364-366 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Yu Rong Chen ◽  
Xu Dong Yang ◽  
Tie Bang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Voice Coil Motor ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Focus Detection ◽  
Focusing Lens ◽  
Metrology System ◽  
Contact Displacement

Focus detection method is one of non-contact profile measurement methods. However, the measurement accuracy of current focus detection method is limited by voice coil motor adopted by it. In this paper, based on an improved Foucault focus detection method, a new non-contact displacement sensor with diffraction grating metrology system is presented. Driven by a piezoelectric actuator instead of a voice coil motor, and a diffraction grating metrology system being with it, the sensor has high measurement accuracy. During surface profile sampling, according to focusing deviation signal, the focusing lens was driven to move vertically by the piezoelectric actuator so that its focus was always located on the workpiece surface, synchronously the vertical displacement of the focusing lens was obtained by the diffraction grating metrology system as the profile height of sampling points. The displacements of all sampling points gave the whole profile of the measured surface, which can be processed by a characterization software to obtain the measurement result. The resolution of the non-contact displacement sensor was 10 nm.

One Kind of High Precision Non-Contact Displacement Sensor and its Application

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 2102-2107
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Yu Rong Chen ◽  
Sheng Huai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Actuator ◽  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Voice Coil Motor ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Contact Displacement

In this article, one new non-contact displacement sensor and its principle has been introduced; it is based upon improved Foucault focus detection and equipped with diffraction grating measuring system. Driven by piezoelectric actuator instead of voice coil motor and diffraction grating metrology system being adopted, the non-contact displacement sensor avoids non-linear error and other measurement error caused by the movement of the voice coil motor and therefore has higher measurement accuracy, which has be proved by series of experiments. During measuring the workpiece surface contour profiles, piezoelectric actuator drives focus object lens to make vertical displacement, and ensures focus in every sampling interval to go to the workpiece surface. In the mean time the focus error signal can be set to zero. The sensor has large range and high resolution, which can be applied in profile measurement. This non-contact displacement sensor resolution can reach 10nm.

Evaluating the influence of grinding mode on part’s accuracy and grinding wheel’s wear in grinding profile for ball bearing's inner ring groove

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Nguyen Anh Tuan ◽  
Vu Toan Thang ◽  
Nguyen Viet Tiep
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Ring Groove ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Wear Of Grinding Wheel ◽  
Output Factors ◽  
Grinding Operations ◽  
Technological Mode

Determining the influence of technological mode factors on machining accuracy is always an current issue in the production practice especially for grinding operations. This paper presents some research results to determine the effect of grinding parameters on grinding wheel’s wear and part’s accuracy in grinding profile for ball bearing's inner ring groove. From theoretical analysis and experimental results, the article assesses the influence of grinding mode factors on output factors. Based on that, the economic limitation wear of grinding wheel at three different grinding modes is determined.

scholarly journals Acoustic Emission and K-S Metric Entropy as Methods for Determining Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Lesław Kyzioł ◽  
Katarzyna Panasiuk ◽  
Grzegorz Hajdukiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Dudzik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Metric Entropy ◽  
Plastic Phase

Due to the unique properties of polymer composites, these materials are used in many industries, including shipbuilding (hulls of boats, yachts, motorboats, cutters, ship and cooling doors, pontoons and floats, torpedo tubes and missiles, protective shields, antenna masts, radar shields, and antennas, etc.). Modern measurement methods and tools allow to determine the properties of the composite material, already during its design. The article presents the use of the method of acoustic emission and Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy to determine the mechanical properties of composites. The tested materials were polyester-glass laminate without additives and with a 10% content of polyester-glass waste. The changes taking place in the composite material during loading were visualized using a piezoelectric sensor used in the acoustic emission method. Thanks to the analysis of the RMS parameter (root mean square of the acoustic emission signal), it is possible to determine the range of stresses at which significant changes occur in the material in terms of its use as a construction material. In the K-S entropy method, an important measuring tool is the extensometer, namely the displacement sensor built into it. The results obtained during the static tensile test with the use of an extensometer allow them to be used to calculate the K-S metric entropy. Many materials, including composite materials, do not have a yield point. In principle, there are no methods for determining the transition of a material from elastic to plastic phase. The authors showed that, with the use of a modern testing machine and very high-quality instrumentation to record measurement data using the Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy method and the acoustic emission (AE) method, it is possible to determine the material transition from elastic to plastic phase. Determining the yield strength of composite materials is extremely important information when designing a structure.

Harmonic Analysis on Low Quality Tidal Data

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost den Haan
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tidal Forcing

The aim of the study is to devise a method to conservatively predict a tidal power generation based on relatively short current profile measurement data sets. Harmonic analysis on a low quality tidal current profile measurement data set only allowed for the reliable estimation of a limited number of constituents leading to a poor prediction of tidal energy yield. Two novel, but very different approaches were taken: firstly a quasi response function is formulated which combines the currents profiles into a single current. Secondly, a three dimensional vectorial tidal forcing model was developed aiming to support the harmonic analysis with upfront knowledge of the actual constituents. The response based approach allowed for a reasonable prediction. The vectorial tidal forcing model proved to be a viable start for a full featuring numerical model; even in its initial simplified form it could provide more insight than the conventional tidal potential models.

The Three-Dimensional Surface Topographic Characterisation of Diamond Grinding Wheels

2010 ◽  
Vol 126-128 ◽  
pp. 690-695
Author(s):  
David Lee Butler
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Measurement ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Diamond Grinding ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Surface measurement using three-dimensional stylus instruments is a relatively new technique that offers numerous advantages over more traditional profilometry methods. The information generated is, unlike profile measurement, less subjective and more statistical providing additional insight into the surface structure. One application of surface measurement that has encountered problems when using the profilometry method is that of grinding wheel characterisation. The wheel surface texture (topography) and the conditions under which it is generated have a profound effect upon the grinding performance as characterised by the grinding forces, power consumption, temperature, and surface integrity of components. A detailed knowledge of the nature of the topography of the grinding wheel would provide further insight into surface interactions between the wheel and workpiece as well as enabling improved control of the grinding process in general. In this paper four diamond grinding wheels of 91 and 181 micron grit size were subjected to differing dressing conditions to produce varying final wheel topographies. Three-dimensional surface measurement techniques were employed to quantitatively characterise the topographic change and provide an aerial estimation of the number of cutting grains. The results demonstrate that the techniques can distinguish between a worn and dressed wheel. In addition, the parametric values generated from the various surfaces can aid the user in determining when re-dressing is required.

Profile Measurement of a Curved Workpiece by the Fuzzy Control of Sensor Positioning

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatake Shiraishi ◽  
Gongjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Laser Displacement Sensor ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Fuzzy Control Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Positioning

Abstract A laser displacement sensor which has a resolution of 0.5 μm was used to determine the measurement of a curved workpiece profile in turning. This sensor is attached to a specially designed stage and is operated by three motors which are controlled by a fuzzy control algorithm. The experimental results show that the measuring system can be applied to workpieces having inclination angles of up to around 45°. The proposed measuring system has a practical measuring accuracy to within ten micrometers.

The Machining Parameters Online Monitoring Method for Stability Prediction

2011 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
Yong Xiang Jiang ◽  
San Peng Deng ◽  
Yu Ming Qi ◽  
Bing Du
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Regenerative Chatter ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Online Detecting

Unstable grinding due to the regenerative chatter is one of the most critical errors and a serious limitation to achieve good surface quality. The machining accuracy of CNC is greatly depending on online detecting, prediction and control ability of abnormal phenomena in machining such as chatter. Based on the mechanism of regenerative chatter, the dynamic models of cylindrical plunging are established by considering both the rotate speed of workpiece and grinding wheel. The traverse grinding can be assumed as the sum of several stepwise plunging grinding with respect to the grinding contact area. The stability caused by online detecting indexes of grinding parameters was analyzed. Grinding experiments of online chatter detecting were carried out and agreed well with the theoretical results that show good application future for online chatter detecting.

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