Time Management Model of Workflow Based on Time Axis

The goal of workflow system is to guarantee that the right activities are executed and completed within the correct and ideal time periods via automation, moreover, in order to help a company to be sufficiently competitive, the workflow system it adopts should be able to ensure activities are carried out to the maximum extent as possible and to manage several workflow instances at the same time. Hence, sufficient consideration of temporal constraints and efficiency should be taken into the design process of workflow system. This paper proposes a model of workflow control based on time axis which is able to ensure one or more workflows to advance in correct time period efficiently and precisely.

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Cigarette smoking trajectories in adolescent smokers: Does the time axis metric matter?

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntab170 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marie-Pierre Sylvestre ◽

Béatrice Lauzon ◽

Erika N Dugas ◽

Miceline Mesidor ◽

Jennifer L O’Loughlin

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Real Data ◽

Natural Course ◽

Time Axis ◽

Calendar Time ◽

Time Period ◽

The Right

Abstract Introduction Most studies modeling adolescent cigarette smoking trajectories use age as the time axis, possibly obscuring depiction of the natural course of cigarette smoking. We used a simulated example and real data to contrast smoking trajectories obtained from models that used time since smoking onset or calendar time (age) as the time axis. Methods Data were drawn from a longitudinal investigation of 1293 grade 7 students (mean age 12.8 years) recruited from 10 high schools in Montreal, Canada in 1999-2000, who were followed into young adulthood. Cigarette consumption was measured every 3 months during high school, and again at mean age 20.4 and 24.0. Analyses using time since onset of smoking as the time metric was restricted to 307 incident smokers; analysis using calendar time included 645 prevalent and incident smokers. Smoking status and nicotine dependence (ND) were assessed at mean age 20.4 and 24.0. Simulated data mimicked the real study during high school. Results Use of different time metrics resulted in different numbers and shapes of trajectories in the simulated and real datasets. Participants in the calendar time analyses reported more ND in young adulthood, reflecting inclusion of 388 prevalent smokers who had smoked for longer durations. Conclusions Choosing the right time metric for trajectory analysis should be balanced against research intent. Trajectory analyses using the time since onset metric depict the natural course of smoking in incident smokers. Those using calendar time offer a snapshot of smoking across age during a given time period. Implications This study uses simulated and real data to show that trajectory analyses of cigarette smoking that use calendar time (e.g., age) versus time since onset as the time axis metric tell a different story. Trajectory analyses using the time since onset metric depict the natural course of smoking in incident smokers. Those using calendar time offer a snapshot of smoking across age during a given time period. Choosing the right time metric should be balanced against research intent.

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Techniques of Viral Marketing

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i6.7660 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (6) ◽

pp. 97-99

Author(s):

Arockia Jeyasheela A ◽

Dr.S. Chandramohan

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Real Time ◽

Word Of Mouth ◽

Viral Marketing ◽

Consumer Perception ◽

Key Word ◽

The Right ◽

A Company

This study is discussed about the viral marketing. It is a one of the key success of marketing. This paper gave the techniques of viral marketing. It can be delivered word of mouth. It can be created by both the representatives of a company and consumer (individuals or communities). The right viral message with go to right consumer to the right time. Viral marketing is easy to attract the consumer. It is most important advertising to consumer. It involves consumer perception, organization contribution, blogs, SMO (Social Media Optimize), SEO (Social Engine Optimize). Principles of viral marketing are social profile gathering, Proximity Market, Real time Key word density.

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Perancangan Strategi Penjualan Menggunakan Dinamika Sistem Pada CV. Gajah Mungkur

JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI ◽

10.36722/sst.v5i4.449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Maulana Hassan Syafrudin ◽

Nunung Nurhasanah

Keyword(s):

Swot Analysis ◽

Online Marketing ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Scenario Simulation ◽

Dynamic Approach ◽

Product Price ◽

Output Analysis ◽

Uncertainty Factors ◽

The Right ◽

A Company

Abstrak – CV. Gajah Mungkur adalah salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang bordir kain. Perusahaan ini mengalami pasang surut penjualan produknya selama dua tahun terakhir. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini menggunakan strategi seperti analisis SWOT sebagai pendekatan perusahaan menghadapi persaingan bisnis penjualan serta pendekatan dinamika sistem dalam memberikan rekomendasi terhadap keputusan atau kebijakan perusahaan terkait nilai omset penjualan dan nilai profit perusahan yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketidakpastian (uncertainty). Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan ANP dengan software Super Decisions, didapatkan bahwa alternatif strategi yang tepat bagi perusahaan CV. Gajah Mungkur untuk melanjutkan proses bisnisnya yang lebih baik adalah dengan cara memberikan promo diskon dan melakukan pemasaran secara online. Berdasarkan analisis output hasil simulasi skenario, bahwa bila perusahaan menerapkan skenario diskon harga produk sebesar 5% perusahaan akan mendapatkan penambahan jumlah penjualan sebanyak 139.258 unit. Kemudian bila perusahaan menerapkan skenario diskon produk sebesar 10% perusahaan akan mendapatkan penambahan jumlah penjualan sebanyak 151.918 unit. Selanjutnya adalah bila perusahaan menerapkan skenario diskon produk sebesar 15% perusahaan akan mendapatkan penambahan jumlah penjualan sebanyak 164.577 unit. Selain itu bila perusahaan menerapkan pemasaran secara online, bila perusahaan menerapkan promosi online salah satunya di online shop shopee maka perusahaan akan mendapatkan penambahan jumlah penjualan sebanyak 174.533 unit.Abstract - CV. Gajah Mungkur is one of the companies engaged in fabric embroidery. This company has experienced ups and downs in the sales of its products as per the data for the last two years. For this reason, this study uses strategies such as SWOT analysis as a company approach to dealing with sales business competition as well as a system dynamic approach in providing recommendations on company decisions or policies related to the value of sales turnover and the value of company profits which are influenced by uncertainty factors. The results of this study are based on the results of ANP processing with Super Decisions, it was found that the right alternative strategy for CV. Gajah Mungkur, to continue its better business process, is by providing discount promos and marketing online. Based on the output analysis scenario simulation results, that if the company applies a 5% discount on product price scenarios, the company will get an additional sales volume of 139,258 units. Then if the company applies a product discount scenario of 10%, the company will get an additional sales number of 151,918 units. Furthermore, if the company applies a product discount scenario of 15%, the company will get an additional sales number of 164,577 units. Besides, if the company implements online marketing, if the company implements online promotions, one of which is the online shopee, the company will get an additional sales number of 174,533 unit.Keywords - SWOT, ANP, System Dynamics Simulation.

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Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation of the Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin Against Gamma Ray-Induced Skin Damage

Current Radiopharmaceuticals ◽

10.2174/1874471012666181120163250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 72-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽

Masoud Najafi ◽

Ahmed Eleojo Musa ◽

Mansoor Keshavarz ◽

Alireza Shirazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Skin Damage ◽

Exposed Skin ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Time Periods ◽

Skin Damages ◽

The Right

Background:Radiotherapy is one of the treatment methods for cancers using ionizing radiations. About 70% of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy. Radiation effect on the skin is one of the main complications of radiotherapy and dose limiting factor. To ameliorate this complication, we used melatonin as a radioprotective agent due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, free radical scavenging, improving overall survival after irradiation as well as minimizing the degree of DNA damage and frequency of chromosomal abrasions.Methods:Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control (C), melatonin (M), radiation (R) and melatonin + radiation (MR). A single dose of 30 Gy gamma radiation was exposed to the right hind legs of the rats while 40 mg/ml of melatonin was administered 30 minutes before irradiation and 2 mg/ml once daily in the afternoon for one month till the date of rat’s sacrifice. Five rats from each group were sacrificed 4, 12 and 20 weeks after irradiation. Afterwards, their exposed skin tissues were examined histologically and biochemically.Results:In biochemical analysis, we found that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in R group and decreased significantly in M and MR groups after 4, 12, and 20 weeks, whereas catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities decreased in the R group and increased in M and MR groups during the same time periods compared with the C group (p<0.05). Histopathological examination found there were statistically significant differences between R group compared with the C and M groups for the three different time periods (p<0.005, p<0.004 and p<0.004) respectively, while R group differed significantly with MR group (p<0.013). No significant differences were observed between C and M compared with MR group (p>0.05) at 4 and 20 weeks except for inflammation and hair follicle atrophy, while there were significant effects at 12 weeks (p<0.05).Conclusion:Melatonin can be successfully used for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced skin injury. We recommend the use of melatonin in optimal and safe doses. These doses should be administered over a long period of time for effective radioprotection and amelioration of skin damages as well as improving the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy.

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Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome induced by short-term weight loss: a case series

European Heart Journal - Case Reports ◽

10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa498 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yudai Tamura ◽

Tomohiro Sakamoto

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Case Series ◽

Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽

Sitting Position ◽

Short Time Period ◽

Time Period ◽

Uncommon Condition ◽

The Right ◽

Short Time

Abstract Background Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is an uncommon condition characterized by dyspnoea and arterial desaturation in the standing or sitting position that improves in the supine position. Case summary We report two cases of POS caused by an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Both cases reported a recent decrease in body weight of more than 10 kg in a short time period. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with agitated saline bubble study revealed and a large amount of contrast bubble through the ASD (Patient 1) or the PFO (Patient 2) from the right atrium to the left atrium in the sitting position. Both patients were diagnosed by the finding of positional dyspnoea and the results of TOE using agitated saline bubble contrast. Discussion Taken together, their presentations suggest that weight loss in a short time period could be a pathogenic factor for POS.

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Longitudinal birth cohort study finds that life-course frailty associates with later-life heart size and function

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85435-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Constantin-Cristian Topriceanu ◽

James C. Moon ◽

Rebecca Hardy ◽

Nishi Chaturvedi ◽

Alun D. Hughes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Step Change ◽

Deficit Accumulation ◽

Cardiac Phenotype ◽

Time Period ◽

Time Periods ◽

The Life Course ◽

Health Deficit

AbstractA frailty index (FI) counts health deficit accumulation. Besides traditional risk factors, it is unknown whether the health deficit burden is related to the appearance of cardiovascular disease. In order to answer this question, the same multidimensional FI looking at 45-health deficits was serially calculated per participant at 4 time periods (0–16, 19–44, 45–54 and 60–64 years) using data from the 1946 Medical Research Council (MRC) British National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD)—the world’s longest running longitudinal birth cohort with continuous follow-up. From these the mean and total FI for the life-course, and the step change in deficit accumulation from one time period to another was derived. Echocardiographic data at 60–64 years provided: ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVmassi, BSA), myocardial contraction fraction indexed to BSA (MCFi) and E/e′. Generalized linear models assessed the association between FIs and echocardiographic parameters after adjustment for relevant covariates. 1375 participants were included. For each single new deficit accumulated at any one of the 4 time periods, LVmassi increased by 0.91–1.44% (p < 0.013), while MCFi decreased by 0.6–1.02% (p < 0.05). A unit increase in FI at age 45–54 and 60–64, decreased EF by 11–12% (p < 0.013). A single health deficit step change occurring between 60 and 64 years and one of the earlier time periods, translated into higher odds (2.1–78.5, p < 0.020) of elevated LV filling pressure. Thus, the accumulation of health deficits at any time period of the life-course associates with a maladaptive cardiac phenotype in older age, dominated by myocardial hypertrophy and poorer function.

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Comorbid disease burden among MS patients 1968–2012: A Swedish register–based cohort study

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458520910497 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135245852091049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kelsi A Smith ◽

Sarah Burkill ◽

Ayako Hiyoshi ◽

Tomas Olsson ◽

Shahram Bahmanyar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Comorbid Disease ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Time Period ◽

Younger Age ◽

Cardiovascular Depression ◽

Prevalence Prevalence ◽

Time Periods ◽

Prevalence Ratios

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have increased comorbid disease (CMD) risk. Most previous studies have not considered overall CMD burden. Objective: To describe lifetime CMD burden among pwMS. Methods: PwMS identified using Swedish registers between 1968 and 2012 ( n = 25,476) were matched by sex, age, and county of residence with general-population comparators ( n = 251,170). Prevalence, prevalence ratios (PRs), survival functions, and hazard ratios by MS status, age, and time period compared seven CMD: autoimmune, cardiovascular, depression, diabetes, respiratory, renal, and seizures. Results: The magnitude of the PRs for each CMD and age group decreased across time, with higher PRs in earlier time periods. Before 1990, younger age groups had higher PRs, and after 1990, older age groups had higher PRs. Male pwMS had higher burden compared with females. Overall, renal, respiratory, and seizures had the highest PRs. Before 2001, 50% of pwMS received a first/additional CMD diagnosis 20 years prior to people without MS, which reduced to 4 years after 2001. PwMS had four times higher rates of first/additional diagnoses in earlier time periods, which reduced to less than two times higher in recent time periods compared to people without MS. Conclusion: Swedish pwMS have increased CMD burden compared with the general population, but this has reduced over time.

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Centros Ltd—A Complete U-Turn in the Right of Establishment for Companies?

International and Comparative Law Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0020589300064393 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 621-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anne Looijestijn-Clearie

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Member State ◽

European Court Of Justice ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Court Of Justice ◽

European Court ◽

Registered Office ◽

Set Up ◽

The Right ◽

A Company

InCentros Ltd and Erhvers-og Selskabsstyrelesen (hereinafter Centros),1 the European Court of Justice ruled that it is contrary to Article 52 (now Article 432) and Article 58 (now Article 48) of the EC Treaty for the authorities of a member State (in casu Denmark) to refuse to register a branch of a company formed under the law of another member State (in casu the United Kingdom) in which it has its registered office, even if the company concerned has never conducted any business in the latter State and intends to carry out its entire business in the State in which the branch is to be set up. By avoiding the need to form a company there it would thus evade the application of the rules governing the provision for and the paying-up of a minimum share capital in force in that State. According to the Court, this does not, however, prevent the authorities of the member State in which the branch is to be set up from adopting appropriate measures for preventing or penalising fraud, either with regard to the company itself, if need be in co-operation with the member State in which it was formed, or with regard to its members, where it has been determined that they are in fact attempting, by means of the formation of a company, to evade their obligations towards creditors established in the territory of the member State of the branch.

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Company Changing Status and Its Linking to Competitiveness

Economic Themes ◽

10.1515/ethemes-2015-0001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Dragana Radenković-Jocić ◽

Ivan Barun

Keyword(s):

Mergers And Acquisitions ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Eu Legislation ◽

The Republic ◽

The Right ◽

A Company ◽

The Eu

Abstract The authors present the issues and challenges related to the changes in status of a company and its impact on competitiveness. Status changes of companies, mostly mergers and acquisitions of companies, are one of the ways in which capital owners and management direct economic activities with the aim of maximizing profits. In order to make the right and justified decision, in terms of achieving the economic interests of the company, it is essential to know the laws and regulations in this area. This paper should provide answers on various questions which will be presented to decision makers in every company, considering status changes. Bearing in mind that the question of status changes often associated with an international element, the authors will pay special attention on the EU legislation and current legal framework in the Republic of Serbia.

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