Failure Mechanism Analysis of Electromagnetic Relay under Mechanical Impact

2013 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Wei Zhao ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
De Yong Li ◽  
Bin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Impact ◽  
Electromagnetic Relay ◽  
Electromagnetic Relays ◽  
The Impact

The aim was to analyze failure mechanism of electromagnetic relay caused by mechanical impact. The principle of electromagnetic relays was studied and the effect of mechanical impact on electromagnetic relays was analyzed in this paper. Based on the established magnetic circuit model, the relationship of the magnetic field strength, the electromagnetic attraction and the impact damage degree was studied. Then, the damage intensity of mechanical impact on magnetic circuit was decided. Afterwards, the structure of electromagnetic relays was improved, and the mechanical impact simulation was studied by ANSYS. The results show that the uncontrollability of electromagnetic relay is mainly caused by air gap, which is aroused by mechanical impact; in addition, the size of air gap is inversely proportional to electromagnetic attraction force. Moreover, the improved structure of relays can increase impact resistance and broaden the scope of engineering application of electromagnetic relay.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Internal Structure of Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composite under Mechanical Impact: A Micro Computed Tomography (µCT) Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Samal ◽  
Marcela Kolinova ◽  
Hubert Rahier ◽  
Giovanni Dal Poggetto ◽  
Ignazio Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geopolymer Composites

The internal structure of fiber reinforced geopolymer composite was investigated by microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) under mechanical impact. µCT is a non-destructive, multi approach technique for assessing the internal structures of the impacted composites without compromising their integrity. The three dimensional (3D) representation was used to assess the impact damage of geopolymer composites reinforced with carbon, E-glass, and basalt fibers. The 3D representations of the damaged area with the visualization of the fiber rupture slices are presented in this article. The fiber pulls out, and rupture and matrix damage, which could clearly be observed, was studied on the impacted composites by examining slices of the damaged area from the center of the damage towards the edge of the composite. Quantitative analysis of the damaged area revealed that carbon fabric reinforced composites were much less affected by the impact than the E-glass and basalt reinforced composites. The penetration was clearly observed for the basalt based composites, confirming µCT as a useful technique for examining the different failure mechanisms for geopolymer composites. The durability of the carbon fiber reinforced composite showed better residual strength in comparison with the E-glass fiber one.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Failure Mechanism of Weak Floors in Deep and High-Stress Roadway and the Corresponding Control Technology

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Jianbiao Bai ◽  
Shuai Yan ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Ningkang Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Support System ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Floor Heave ◽  
The Impact

Large deformation of roadway and floor burst are the two major geotechnical hazards encountered with high mining stress in deep mines. In this paper, the stress and energy conditions generated by the impact damage on the rock surrounding a roadway are analyzed, and UDEC software was used to study the deformation characteristics of the roadway, as well as its failure mechanism under the influence of superimposed dynamic and static loads. The results indicate that the soft floor of a deep-buried roadway has a high damage degree and an obvious stress release effect, high static load leads to slow floor heave, and strong dynamic load disturbance is the principal trigger leading to floor burst. In addition, the anisotropy caused by the bedding surface weakens the cooperative characteristics of the support system, resulting in serious instability of the whole rock surrounding the roadway. Full-section anchor cables and inverted arches were adopted to maintain the stability of the rock surrounding the roadway. The monitoring results obtained from field tests show that the adoption of the combined support system effectively avoids floor burst caused by the superposition of dynamic and static loads; the maximum floor heave is 67.9 mm, which is 95% lower than the original value, ensuring safety in coal mining operations.

Low-Energy Impact Damage Mechanism Analysis of FRC Laminates

2013 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
Ying Xu ◽  
Wei Dong Wen ◽  
Yu Huo
Keyword(s):  
Impact Damage ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Front Face ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Aimed at the lack of research about damage mechanism, a 3-D progressive impact damage analysis method was applied to analyze the low-energy impact damage process of T300/BMP-316 laminates with three different ply stacking sequences. The influences of ply parameters on the impact damage of laminates were researched. The impact damage mechanism was analyzed combined with the figure of impact stress in laminates. It is showed that the matrix cracking is caused by the inconsistent distortion of the matrix and fiber when the tensile stress that perpendicular to the fiber direction reaches a given value, and the delamination near to the impacted back face and front face are caused individually by the matrix cracking and the inconsistent bend stiffness between two laminas.

Numerical Investigation of the Damage Mechanism of Offshore Pipeline Impacted by the Lump-Shaped Falling Object

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Ruinan Lin ◽  
Yangjie Li
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Global Deformation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Damage mechanism analysis of the exposed offshore pipeline impacted by lump-shaped falling objects plays a significant role in offshore pipeline design, inspection, maintenance, and protection. A series of three-dimensional (3D) coupling models are established and simulated to investigate mechanical behaviors and responses of exposed offshore pipelines impacted by lump-shaped falling objects. The effects of both offshore pipeline parameters and lump-shaped falling object parameters were discussed under the joint action of internal pressure and external seawater pressure. The results demonstrate that seabed soil could absorb partial impact energy and act as a cushion. Indentation on the pipeline top and stress concentrations on the pipeline bottom starts to appear when the impact velocity is larger than 10 m/s and 14 m/s, respectively. The critical impact energy before pipeline failure is around 9733.339 J. A variation in contact area has a noticeable influence on the dent depth, but a slight influence on the global deformation. An increase in pressure difference mitigates the impact damage. The depression rate increases with the rise of the radius-thickness ratio, and the most severe plastic deformation occurs when the radius-thickness ratio is 40. Besides, the eccentric distance is an essential factor influencing the damage mechanism of the offshore pipeline.

Effects of contact gap on nondestructive evaluation using magnetic measurement for ferromagnetic steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 969-975
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kikuchi ◽  
Yuki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Effective Permeability ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Magnetic Measurement ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Motive Force ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Evaluation Technique ◽  
Ferromagnetic Steel

We investigated effects of contact gap on magnetic nondestructive evaluation technique using a magnetic single-yoke probe. Firstly, we evaluated hysteresis curves and impedance related to permeability of the material measured by a single-yoke probe, when an air gap length between the probe and specimens changes. The hysteresis curve gradually inclines to the axis of the magneto-motive force and magneto-motive force at which the magnetic flux is 0 decreases with increasing the gap length. The effective permeability also decreases with increasing the gap thickness. The incremental of gap thickness increases the reluctance inside the magnetic circuit composed of the yoke, specimen and gap, which results in the reduction of flux applying to specimen.

CARPENTER 430FR SOLENOID QUALITY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Magnetic Components ◽  
Electromagnetic Relay ◽  
Core Components

Abstract Carpenter 430FR Solenoid Quality stainless steel is a ferritic chromium-iron alloy developed especially for A.C. and D.C. magnetic circuit applications such as solenoid valve core components and electromagnetic relay cores. The electrical resistivity of 430FR is approximately 25% higher than other commercially available 430F stainless. Increased electrical resistivity provides better performance of magnetic components, particularly at power frequencies and high magnetic flux density. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and hardness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-337. Producer or source: Carpenter.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation on the Ultimate Strength of Box Beams with Impact Damage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
C. Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Ship Hulls ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Box Beam ◽  
Box Beams ◽  
Fracture Damage ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to study the residual ultimate strength of box beams with impact-induced damage, as a model of what may occur in ship hulls. The bottom and side plates of ship hulls can suffer denting or fracture damage due to grounding, collision and other contacts during the ship’s service life and these impact-induced damages could result in considerable strength degradation. Box beams are firstly subjected to impact loading and then four-point bending loading is imposed on the damaged structures to assess the residual strength using ANSYS/LS_DYNA. The ultimate moment and collapse modes are discussed considering the effect of impact location. The impact-induced deformation is introduced in the four-point bending simulation, and the impact-induced stress is included or not to determine the effect of residual stress and distortion after impact. It is shown that impact location has significant influence on the residual ultimate bending moment of the damaged box beam providing that the impact energy is kept constant. The collapse modes also change when the impactor strikes on different locations. Damaged hard corner and inclined neutral axes might explain the reduction of ultimate strength and diverse collapse modes. The residual stress in the box beam after impact may increase or decrease the ultimate strength depending on impact location.

Dynamic transition mechanism analysis of the impact of energy development on urbanization in Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1825-1848
Author(s):  
Yannan Zhou ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Zhouying Song ◽  
Ze He ◽  
Siyou Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Transition ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Buckling Failure Mechanism of a Rock Dam Foundation Fractured by Gentle Through-Going and Steep Structural Discontinuities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5426
Author(s):  
Donghui Chen ◽  
Huie Chen ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Chun Tan ◽  
Zhifa Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Distinct Element ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Dam Foundation ◽  
Deformation Features ◽  
Universal Distinct Element Code ◽  
Distinct Element Code

The failure mechanism analysis of dam foundations is key for designing hydropower stations. This study analyses the rock masses in a sluice section, which is an important part of the main dam of the Datengxia Hydropower Station currently built in China. The stability of the sluice rock masses is predominantly affected by gentle through-going soft interlayers and steep structural fractures. Its foundation failure mechanism is investigated by means of a numerical method, i.e., Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) and the geomechanical model method. The modeling principle and process, and results for the rock dam foundation are introduced and generated by using the abovementioned two methods. The results indicate that the failure mechanism of the foundation rock masses, as characterized by gentle through-going and steep structural discontinuities, is not a conventional type of shear failure mechanism but a buckling one. This type of failure mechanism is verified by analyzing the deformation features resulting from the overloading of both methods and strength reduction of the numerical method.

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