A Study on the Evacuation Characteristics of Large-Span Structures Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1977-1981
Author(s):  
Su Jin Woo ◽  
Eun Kyoung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Large Span ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Capacity Calculation ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Frequency Probability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Security Standards ◽  
Building Standards

The construction of large-span structures has been continuously increasing domestically since 2005, but despite this trend, there are no existing fire prevention regulations and building standards for large-span structures. Accordingly, as a basic research for coming up with evacuation safety techniques for large-span structures, this study sought to derive the evacuation characteristics of building occupants in case of a fire in large-span structures by formulating the definition of large-span structure and analyzing fire cases in spatial buildings at home and abroad. It is expected that the findings of this study will be utilized as basic materials for fire scenarios that consider fire scenario application criteria (human security standards, capacity calculation standards) as well as multiple risk factors such as frequency, probability, and combustion expansion and spread based on the evacuation characteristics derived from this study.

scholarly journals Embryoid research calls for reassessment of legal regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hengstschläger ◽  
Margit Rosner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIt is known that in countries, in which basic research on human embryos is in fact prohibited by law, working with imported human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can still be permitted. As long as hESCs are not capable of development into a complete human being, it might be the case that they do not fulfill all criteria of the local definition of an embryo. Recent research demonstrates that hESCs can be developed into entities, called embryoids, which increasingly could come closer to actual human embryos in future. By discussing the Austrian situation, we want to highlight that current embryoid research could affect the prevailing opinion on the legal status of work with hESCs and therefore calls for reassessment of the regulations in all countries with comparable definitions of the embryo.

Defining an Adequate Dose of Acupuncture Using a Neurophysiological Approach – a Narrative Review of the Literature

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian White ◽  
Mike Cummings ◽  
Panos Barlas ◽  
Francesco Cardini ◽  
Jacqueline Filshie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Adequate Dose ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Patient’S Perception

Many different styles of acupuncture practice exist, and lack of agreement on the optimal acupuncture treatment for any particular condition may mean that some patients do not receive the best treatment. This uncertainty also makes the negative results of sham controlled trials difficult to interpret. Unless we can be sure that both adequate acupuncture and an inactive sham were used in a particular trial, then that trial should not be interpreted as dismissing acupuncture for that condition. Acupuncture practice clearly involves much more than needling procedures, but there is a strong argument for elucidating the role of those needling procedure first. The components of acupuncture needling procedures have been described in the STRICTA document, but it is also clear that the patient's perception of needling is relevant for the outcome of treatment. We therefore recommend the concept of ‘dose’ of acupuncture needling, which should include both the stimulus given to the patient, and certain aspects of the patient's perceptions and response that are known to be linked to the subsequent therapeutic response. We propose the following definition of dose: the physical procedures applied in each session, using one or more needles, taking account of the patient's resulting perception (sensory, affective and cognitive) and other responses (including motor). The dose may be affected by the state of the patient (eg nervous, immune and endocrine systems); different doses may be required for different conditions. The constituents of an adequate dose can be established initially by clinical opinion and subsequently by empirical evidence from experimental studies, which may be either clinical or basic research studies. Systematic reviews which do not consider the adequacy of the acupuncture treatment may have unreliable conclusions. Out of 47 recent systematic reviews, only six have applied some criteria for adequacy. Five used a rating system or conducted a subgroup analysis, and one excluded studies from the analysis altogether if they did not meet criteria for adequacy. Research into what constitutes an adequate dose of acupuncture has long been neglected and is now urgent. Clinical studies that compare the effects of different treatment protocols are probably the most reliable source of evidence, and may also demonstrate a dose-response relationship.

Advances and trends in bibliographic research: Examples of new technological applications for the cataloguing of the georeferenced library heritage

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Maggio ◽  
Josef Kuffer ◽  
Maurizio Lazzari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Coos Bay ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Online Catalogue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Global And Local

In the age of digital archives and online data consultation, bibliographic research is considered as a key tool for supporting scientific research and study. The online catalogue allows the achievement of more ambitious aims and global interest thanks to its ability to associate data relating to the geographic contextualization of the catalogued editorial products (deduced from the title and content) with the search for more traditional bibliographic data through the inclusion of a specific and standardized ‘field’. Successively, the locations identified by the cataloguer are georeferenced by using GIS applications, which allows the simultaneous view of the distribution of global and local geographical contexts specific for each item owned by a library, archive or museum. The usefulness of such an application lies in the possibility for the library to have a greater awareness of its collection, thus permitting the acquisition of an additional element of evaluation in the management and planning of purchases and donations. In this way, the ability to filter the information from OPAC search will be combined with the basic research carried out by the user by selecting only the libraries in possession of works related to a specific geographical context, involved in different specific studies (literature, landscape, environment). Although this ability is still limited to a few specific studies, the use of tools that allow an overview of the geographical distribution of places could represent an operating standard through the definition of a special protocol. These tools are now used mostly in experimental studies in which the use of open source software has enabled the creation of maps. This paper shows the state of the art of the applications worldwide presenting experimental case studies (i.e. Coos Bay, Oregon; Basilicata, Italy) and also suggests different applications in the field of national and international protocols of library cataloguing.

The Options of Using Data Mining Methods in Process Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Alena Kopcekova ◽  
Michal Kopcek ◽  
Pavol Tanuska
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company

The term business intelligence (BI) represents the tools and systems that play a key role in the strategic planning process of the corporation. These systems allow a company to gather, store, access and analyze corporate data to aid in decision-making. Necessary fundamental definitions are offered and explained to better understand the basic principles and the role of this technology for a company management. The proposed article is logically divided into more sections, where the stages of basic research in the field of data mining are described gradually. This involves the definition of the technology and the list of main advantages and analytical methods incorporated in online analytical processing. Also some typical applications of above mentioned particular methods are introduced. The focus of this paper is to introduce the options of using the data mining methods on the control systems level within the hierarchical control systems model.

scholarly journals Recommendations for Supporting Prospective Study Registration in the Basic Experimental Studies in Humans And Alternative Procedures for Results Dissemination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Thomas Mellor ◽  
Nicole Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Alternative Procedures ◽  
Definition Of

Recently, the NIH has modified the definition of clinical trial so that it applies to a much broader range of studies that previously were classified as clinical research but not specifically as trials. This definition, below, specifically includes research where behavioral outcomes are a focus of the study: “A research study in which one or more human subjects are prospectively assigned to one or more interventions (which may include placebo or other control) to evaluate the effects of those interventions on health-related biomedical or behavioral outcomes.”With the addition of behavioral outcomes, many studies that previously would not have been “clinical trials” are now so classified. Research studies that meet both criteria for “clinical trial” and “basic research” are now referred to as basic experimental studies in humans (BESH). The purpose of this whitepaper is to analyze and investigate ways that existing infrastructure could be improved to support these new requirements in ways that benefit all stakeholders.

On Fire Severity of Flammable Gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 831-834
Author(s):  
Wen Zhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Time Function ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Classification Theory ◽  
Flammable Gas ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Protection Technology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Temperature Time

Flammable gases’s fire need more attention in spontaneous combustion study of coalmine. Their premixed combustion is modeled to deduce the corresponding temperature-time function. Basing on this function curve and Simon Ingberg’s early reports, their fire severity classification theory is established, including definition and equation of their fire severity, and definition of fire severity coefficient along with calculation of those coefficients of ordinary flammable gases. Applying this theory to a certain coalmine, calculate and audit fire severity of its 6 designed fire scenarios, in servitude to guidelines for fire protection technology there, and references for fire severity comparison among similar coalmines.

Advanced analyses of the membrane action of composite slabs under natural fire scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Lelli ◽  
Jonas Loutan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Membrane Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Small Thickness ◽  
Composite Frame ◽  
Composite Slabs ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose This paper aims to detail the advanced natural fire simulations that were carried out for the composite steel-reinforced concrete structure of the JTI Building in Geneva, Switzerland. The results of these analyses led to a significant reduction of in the fireproofing of the steel floor framing. Design/methodology/approach Several scenarios were studied considering different thermal behaviours of the peripheral cladding. Despite the small thickness of the resisting slabs, the analyses performed with SAFIR software showed that the typical wide storey bay (12 × 15.86 m) can resist to the design’s fire temperatures without the protection of the main and secondary beams while the spandrels remain protected. For study completeness, the composite frame-membrane model was also simulated with Hasemi-localized fire routines on SAFIR. Findings The analyses have showed that the membrane behaviour of composite slabs under fire allows a significant reduction of the fire protection, even in case of small thickness of the concrete topping. The increase of the reinforcement ratio to sustain the membrane forces is widely compensated by the savings related to the fireproofing of the steel framing. Practical/implications A natural fire approach is particularly advisable in case of fully glazed buildings. In fact when the façade collapses, the entry of a large cold air quantity limits the increase of the gas temperature inside the compartment. Originality/value The analyses were carried out with recent SAFIR routines for localized fires (Hasemi fire model) and represent one of the first applications in practice. The issue of the rebar orientation in mesh is raised out. The latest SAFIR release allows the definition of a global orientation of the rebars and amends the issue.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF LEGAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP FORMS FROM ACCOUNTING POINT OF VIEW IN CONDITIONS OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Ivana Váryová ◽  
Iveta Košovská
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Single Entry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Double Entry

Each legal form of entrepreneurship requires the individual approach from the accounting point of view as every entrepreneur subject does not meet the definition of an accounting entity pursuant to the Act on Accounting. The paper´s aim is to compare the legal entrepreneurship forms from accounting point of view and to assess different alternatives of expense verifiability. The theoretical research has been applied for reaching the paper's aim. Basic input materials are legal norms. Generally accepted basic research were used when preparing the article. Based on the results it can be stated that entrepreneurs registered in the Business Register do not have a possibility to select from individual alternatives of keeping the evidence for their management and are obliged to keep the system of double entry bookkeeping. Natural persons are not obliged to register in the Business Register therefore they can select from various possibilities of verification of incurred expenses. One feasibility is presented by the system of double entry bookkeeping or single entry bookkeeping. The systems of keeping tax records or applying fixed expenses are others. The keeping of tax records is less administrative intensive compared to bookkeeping. Keeping of tax records is advantageous for an entrepreneur as he is not the subject of the Act on Accounting while he is not an accounting entity. The easiest alternative for the entrepreneurs is not to verify real incurred expenses but to apply fixed expenses in the amount of 40 % from achieved income.

scholarly journals The Relations Between the Institution of Procedural Responsibility, Legal Relationships and Legal Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Elena Valerievna Chuklova
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Research Project

The subject of this research is the institution of procedural responsibility and its relations with legal relationships and legal practice. In her research Chuklova defines genetic, coordination, subordination and functional relations. According to the author, implementation of procedural responsibility provisions creates both material and procedural legal relations. The author demonstrates that the institution of procedural responsibility either relates to legal relationships at the functional genetic level disregarding the definition of a particular legal relationship or acts as a result of legal regulation or means of regulation. There should be legal grounds for creating such an institution, too. The institution of procedural responsibility creates conditions for discovering the truth in criminal, civil or administrative cases, thus demonstrating subordination relations. The research is based on general and special research methods such as comparative law, formal law analysis, functional and systems approaches, etc. As a result of the research, the author concludes that judicial practice is a coordination link between procedural form and material law, however, many court decisions demonstrate a negative tendency in implementation of the procedural responsibility provisions when there is a total substitution of one term with the other. For example, contempt of court includes such actions as numerous continuous disqualifications, non-submission of documents, failure to appear in court, non-compliance with court orders, negative remarks about a judge's professional or personal qualities. The article is funded by The Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 19-011-00103 А 'Legal Responsibility in Russia's Legal System: the Concept of Interaction, Interconnection and Elimination of Contradictions with Other Elements of Legal System'. 

scholarly journals Standards for the Arabic Language in School Education: Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alfakih
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Building Standards

Given the recent experience of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on building standards for the Arabic language and its importance locally and in the Arab world, in addition to the absence of previous studies that reviewed this experience, the current study aimed to uncover the standards of the Arabic language in public education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A descriptive approach was used in its exploratory design to achieve this goal and the analysis of official documents was used as a method for collecting data. The study concluded with a definition of the Saudi experience on building curriculum standards in public education and an explanation of the Saudi national program for building standards for the Arabic language. This included a definition of the Arabic language, a description of its nature, the rationale for including it as a field of learning in public education and its learning objectives, along with a description of its structure, a presentation of the structure model, naming its branches, determining its teaching hours, the central and main ideas of each branch, how to include common dimensions in the standards, and clarification of how to build standards according to levels and grades. In light of this experience, there is a need to build development plans and programs that benefit the Ministry of Education, faculties of education, and Arabic language teachers and their supervisors to teach Arabic in public education while considering the standards. However, there is a set of research proposals for researchers and specialists in teaching Arabic, the most important of which is conducting more studies to evaluate the current Arabic language curricula considering the experience of standards and determining the level of readiness of the educational field to apply the standards of the Arabic language in public education.

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