Experimental Determining of Mechanical and Elastic Characteristics for the Material Used in the Manufacturing of Cardan Crosses

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 427-431
Author(s):  
Eugen Avrigean ◽  
Valentin Stefan Oleksik ◽  
Adrian Marius Pascu
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

The paper presents in its first part the need for analysing the functioning of the cardan cross within the cardan transmission, both from the point of view of shape and from the point of view of the material. In the second part there are described the main elements for analysing the test samples, the employed testing machine, as well as the manner of processing the obtained information. The last part contains the conclusions resulted from this analysis..

scholarly journals AI4Water v1.0: An open source python package for modeling hydrological time series using data-driven methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ather Abbas ◽  
Laurie Boithias ◽  
Yakov Pachepsky ◽  
Kyunghyun Kim ◽  
Jong Ahn Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Hydrologic Response Units

Abstract. Machine learning has shown great promise for simulating hydrological phenomena. However, the development of machine learning-based hydrological models requires advanced skills from diverse fields, such as programming and hydrological modeling. Additionally, data pre-processing and post-processing when training and testing machine learning models is a time-intensive process. In this study, we developed a python-based framework that simplifies the process of building and training machine learning-based hydrological models and automates the process of pre-processing of hydrological data and post-processing of model results. Pre-processing utilities assist in incorporating domain knowledge of hydrology in the machine learning model, such as the distribution of weather data into hydrologic response units (HRUs) based on different HRU discretization definitions. The post-processing utilities help in interpreting the model’s results from a hydrological point of view. This framework will help increase the application of machine learning-based modeling approaches in hydrological sciences.

Effect of Cooling Medium on Fracture Toughness of Rotomoulded Product

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
P.L. Ramkumar ◽  
D.M. Kulkarni ◽  
Vikas V. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Rotational Moulding ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Cooling Medium

In day-to-day life, usage of plastics is numerous. It offers variety of benefits compared to other materials in various sectors like house hold applications, agricultural industry, and packaging, etc. There are numerous methods for processing plastics. These include: blow moulding, injection moulding, rotational moulding, transfer moulding and thermoforming. Rotational moulding is a competitive alternative to other plastic manufacturing process, since it offers designers an opportunity to achieve an economic production of stress free products. Many products made by rotational moulding process using linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) are widely used in outdoor applications such as boats, over head tanks, and car body parts etc. In such applications, fracture properties are considered to be critical from the quality characterization point of view. Selection of appropriate cooling medium plays vital role to enhance the quality of rotomolded products. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of cooling medium on fracture toughness of the rotationally moulded products. Fracture tests are carried out on a compact tension (CT) test specimens prepared as per the ASTM D 6068 (2012). The tests are performed on a universal testing machine. R-curve method is used to determine the fracture toughness (JIC) of rotomoulded products. From the experimental results it is found that rapid cooling method favours better fracture toughness of rotomoulded products. Therefore, it is recommended to use faster cooling aids like water cooling in rotational moulding process to achieve highest fracture toughness.

scholarly journals Influence of the Elastic Modulus on the Osseointegration of Dental Implants

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aritza Brizuela ◽  
Mariano Herrero-Climent ◽  
Elisa Rios-Carrasco ◽  
Jose Rios-Santos ◽  
Roman Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metallic Prosthesis ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Low Modulus

The load transfer from metallic prosthesis to tissue plays an important role in the success of a designed device. From a mechanical behavior point of view, the load transfer will be favored when the elastic modulus between the metallic implant and the bone tissue are similar. Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V are the most commonly used metals and alloys in the field of dental implants, although they present high elastic moduli and hence trigger bone resorption. We propose the use of low-modulus β-type titanium alloys that can improve the growth of new bone surrounding the implant. We designed dental implants with identical morphology and micro-roughness composed of: Ti-15Zr, Ti-19.1Nb-8.8Zr, Ti-41.2Nb-6.1Zr, and Ti-25Hf-25Ta. The commercially pure Ti cp and Ti-6Al-4V were used as control samples. The alloys were initially mechanically characterized with a tensile test using a universal testing machine. The results showed the lowest elastic modulus for the Ti-25Hf-25Ta alloy. We implanted a total of six implants in the mandible (3) and maxilla (3) for each titanium alloy in six minipigs and evaluated their bone index contact (i.e., the percentage of new bone in contact with the metal—BIC%) after 3 and 6 weeks of implantation. The results showed higher BIC% for the dental implants with lowest elastic modulus, showing the importance of decreasing the elastic modulus of alloys for the successful osseointegration of dental implants.

A Comparison of Composite Bars against Metallic Bars from the Mass per Unit Length Point of View

2014 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Cosmin Mihai Miriţoiu ◽  
Dumitru Bolcu ◽  
Marius Marinel Stănescu ◽  
Rosca Vîlcu ◽  
Dan Ilincioiu
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Honeycomb Core ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Steel Wire Mesh

There were built some new original composite sandwich bars with polypropylene honeycomb core and the exterior layers of the bars were made of epoxy resin reinforced with steel wire mesh. For these composite bars, there were determined the stiffness by using two different experimental methods: variant 1- using the Walter-Bai testing machine and variant 2- using the eigenfrequency of the first eigenmode. The errors between these two methods were determined. In the next stage of the paper, some metallic beams, equivalent from the stiffness point of view with the composite ones, were considered. Comparisons between them, from the mass per unit length point of view, were made.

scholarly journals MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 3D SCAFFOLDS FOR BONE REGENERATION / 3D KARKASŲ, SKIRTŲ KAULŲ REGENERACIJAI, MECHANINIŲ SAVYBIŲ TYRIMAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-591
Author(s):  
Deividas Mizeras ◽  
Andžela Šešok ◽  
Algirdas Vaclovas Valiulis ◽  
Justinas Gargasas ◽  
Irmantas Gedzevičius
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
3D Printed

One of the biggest challenges in modern tissue engineering is a creation 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Until now, in order to restore bone defects are used various bone substitutes (autologous and allogeneic), however, their usage is limited because is required additional surgery, possible complications, also limited their use is associated with ethical point of view. In this work we aim to determine the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA objects having various orientation woodpile microarchitectures. In this work we chose three different 3D microarchitectures: woodpile BCC (each layer consists of parallel logs which are rotated 90 deg every next layer), woodpile FCC (every layer is additionally shifted half of the period in respect to the previous parallel log layer) and a rotating woodpile 60 deg (each layer is rotated 60 deg in respect to the previous one). Compressive and bending tests were carried out with TIRAtest2300 universal testing machine. We found that 60 deg rotating woodpile geometry had the highest mechanical values which were approximately about 3 times higher than the BCC or FCC microstructures. Vienas didžiausių šiuolaikinės audinių inžinerijos iššūkių yra 3D karkasų, skirtų kaulinio audinio regeneracijai, sukūrimas. Iki šiol, norint atstatyti kaulo defektus, naudojami įvairūs kaulo pakaitalai (autogeniniai ir alogeniniai), kurių naudojimo galimybės jau nebeatitinka poreikių, nes reikalinga papildoma operacija, galimos komplikacijos, taip pat ribotas jų naudojimas, susijęs su etinėmis pažiūromis. Šiame darbe lyginamos 3D spausdintuvu suformuotų mikrodarinių, skirtų kaulinio audinio defektui atkurti, mechaninės savybės. Darbe pasirinktos trys skirtingos 3D karkasų mikrostruktūros: woodpile BCC (kiekvienas sluoksnis susideda iš lygiagrečių rąstų, kurie keičiami 90 laipsnių kampu prieš tai esančio sluoksnio atžvilgiu), woodpile FCC (kiekvienas sluoksnis papildomai keičiasi per pusę periodo sluoksnio, esančio prieš tai, atžvilgiu) ir woodpile 60 deg (besisukanti rąstų rietuvė, kiekvienas tokios gardelės sluoksnis yra pasuktas 60 laipsnių prieš tai esančios atžvilgiu). Gniuždymo ir lenkimo bandymai buvo atlikti TIRAtest 2300 universalia bandymų mašina. Buvo nustatyta, kad, taikant 60 laipsnių kampu besikeičiančią woodpile geometriją, galima pasiekti didžiausias mechanines vertes, kurios buvo maždaug tris kartus didesnės nei woodfile BCC arba woodfile FCCmikrostruktūros.

scholarly journals Fiatalkori idiopathiás scoliosis műtéti korrekciójának hatása az állkapocs mozgástartományára

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (50) ◽  
pp. 2144-2149
Author(s):  
Beáta Benke ◽  
Gyula Marada ◽  
Miklós Tunyogi Csapó ◽  
Péter Than ◽  
Márta Radnai
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Abstract: From an anatomic and functional point of view, the stomatognathic system and the upper cervical spine are closely connected. Together with the complex neuromuscular relationships, this generates an important field of cooperation between dentists and orthopedics. The aim of this case report was to demonstrate the improvements of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function after orthopedic surgery in case of a patient with idiopathic scoliosis. A 15-year-old female patient who had adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was surgically treated in 2016. Functional analyses of the TMJ were performed before the day of the operation and 10 months after the surgery. For detection, an ultrasound-based testing machine was used. The analyses of the data showed that almost all ranges of motions (ROM) were improved. The deviation to the right side was reduced from 8 mm to 2 mm during mouth opening. The patient had limited left lateral movement before the operation, however, after 10 months following the operation, there were free motions towards both sides. The originally asymmetrical protrusion became almost completely symmetrical. Regarding the functions of the TMJ, the surgery was successful; this in itself had a beneficial effect on the range and the path of the mandibular movements without any other treatment. These improved functions are indirect evidences for the connection of the function of the spine and TMJ. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(50): 2144–2149.

scholarly journals Soldering sheets using soft solders

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1597-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Brožek
Keyword(s):  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Copper Sheet ◽  
Coated Steel Sheet ◽  
Brass Sheet ◽  
Zinc Coated Steel ◽  
Sheet Copper ◽  
Soldered Joint

The paper contains strength tests results of joints soldered using lead and leadless soft solders. For tests lead solders types Pb60Sn40 and Sn60Pb40 and leadless soft solders types Sn95.5Ag3.8Cu0.7 and Sn96Ag4 were used. As basic materials steel sheet, zinc-coated steel sheet, copper sheet and brass sheet 100 x 20 x 1 mm was the test samples size. Always two sheets were cleaned and jointed together. For heating the propane-butane + air flame was used. Then the tested assemblies were loaded using the universal tensile-strength testing machine till to failure. At the tests the force needed for assemblies failure and failure type (in soldered joint, in basic material) were recorded. From measured data the solder strength was calculated. From the experiment results it follows that from the point of view of the soldered joints strength as well of the solder strength relatively small differences were found. At the same time it is evident that the joint strength and solder strength depend on soldered material type and on soldered joint lapping length. On the basis of carried out experiments it can be stated that the substitution of lead solders by leadless solders is possible without risk of soldered joints strength decrease.

scholarly journals Simulation and Mathematical Description of Mechanical Shocks Caused by Brake Actuation on Electric Motors

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Shock Testing ◽  
Mechanical Shocks

When a brake engages or releases on an electric motor, a mechanical shock is generated. These so-called brake shocks propagate across the motor housing and the motor shaft, affecting safety relevant mechanical and electronic components. The nature of the interference may be irreversible, i.e. mechanical damage, or reversible, e.g. interference of signal measurement or data transmission. Especially component failures or faulty signal values on rotary encoders are undesirable from a safety point of view. Current shock testing procedures are insufficient to simulate real brake shock characteristics and to identify valid shock limits regarding these shocks. In the first part of this paper, the characteristics of brake shocks are presented and compared to pyroshocks with similar characteristics. Furthermore, it shows that the Pseudo-Velocity Shock Response Spectrum (PVSRS) appears to be the best mathematical method to describe the severity of brake shocks with respect to their potential of damaging encoder components or influencing electrical signals. In the second part a testing machine will be introduced, which is able to generate mechanical shocks with comparable characteristics of real mechanical brake shocks for up to several million cycles. During further research, endurance tests shall be performed with the machine to determine the resilience of safety-related components against mechanical brake shocks. The long-term goal is to define scientifically confirmed test criteria for a standardized shock testing procedure to be applied on safety-related components on electric motors. It is intended to include this testing procedure in an international safety-related standard, like IEC 61800-5-3.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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