An Analysis of Statistical Techniques Applying to Multi-Feature Similarity Comparison between Corpora

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 2323-2329
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao Chen ◽  
Shi Li Ge ◽  
Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Similarity Comparison ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feature Similarity

Statistical techniques applying to multi-feature similarity comparison belong to the type of goodness-of-fit test which include chi-square test, rank correlation test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S test). Experiments show that both chi-square independence test and rank correlation test are subject to the variation of sample size. With the expansion of sample size, the former test achieves the results of significant difference and the latter achieves the results of significant correlation easily. However, both results fail to reveal the actual situation of multi-feature similarity comparison between corpora. Only K-S test, which quantifies a distance between the empirical distribution functions of two samples, can achieve the highest statistical effectiveness.

scholarly journals Does Over-the-Counter Purchase of Antihistamines by Residents of Dhaka City, Bangladesh Align with the Prescribing Choices of the Physicians Practicing in That City?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Somaia H. Chadni ◽  
Md. H. A. Banna ◽  
Nafisa N. Mollick ◽  
Md. R. I. Rupam ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common

Most current guidelines recommend prescribing second-generation antihistamines (SGAs) over first-generation antihistamines because SGAs are less likely to cause sedation and impairment of heavy work performance. However, common residents who use these antihistamines as over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are less likely to know that. So, this study was designed to compare the over-the-counter use of antihistamines by common residents with the prescribing preferences of physicians residing at Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Between June and August of 2017, a total of 100 Physicians from some of the top medical institutions of the city and 350 randomly selected common residents were directly interviewed with two separate semistructured questionnaires specifically designed for each population. Data was statistically analyzed using Fischer’s exact test, Spearman’s rank correlation test and Kendall’s tau rank correlation test. The data shows that physicians prefer second-generation antihistamines with fexofenadine (48.09% of the total responses), desloratadine (16.03%), and rupatadine (13.74%) taking the top spots. Cetirizine (29.46% of total responses), desloratadine (14.73%), and chlorpheniramine (14.52%) were the most used OTC antihistamines by the common residents. Statistical analysis with Fischer’s exact test revealed that the difference in preference of first-generation antihistamines between physicians and common residents were extremely significant (p<0.0001). Furthermore, cetirizine (which is known to have some degree of sedating activity) and chlorpheniramine are more preferred among common residents than among physicians (extremely significant difference, p<0.0001 in both cases). The study concludes that physicians of Dhaka City are complying with practice guidelines, but sedating antihistamines still retain some popularity among the common residents. Hence, a more engaging community pharmacy is needed to minimize adverse effects that can arise from OTC use of sedating antihistamines.

scholarly journals Prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH defects in Sudanese children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Elhassan Abdalla ◽  
Amal Hussein Abuaffan ◽  
Arthur Musakulu Kemoli
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background: Molar incisos hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. After collecting their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH indexed teeth, and assessed on the MIH pattern and distribution. The data collected were analyzed to obtain descriptive statstics, and the results related to the socio-demographic and other dental-related factors of the children using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. Majority of the affected teeth were permanent first molars (PFMs) (12.5%), but there was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (p=0.22). However, in the case of incisors, there was a statistical significant difference between the maxillary incisors that had higher hypomineralization rate when related to the mandibular incisors ( p=0.00). In terms of the pattern of hypomineralization, demarcated opacities were the commonest MIH defects (69.9%) in the study group.Conclusions: While the prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%, both molars and incisor teeth were frequently affected in both dental arches, and the demarcated opacity type were the most frequent form of defect found in the teeth of the participants.

scholarly journals Parameters of Capsulorrhexis and Intraocular Lens Decentration After Femtosecond and Manual Capsulotomies in High Myopic Patients With Cataracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Zhu ◽  
Kexin Shi ◽  
Ke Yao ◽  
Yuyan Wang ◽  
Sifan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intraocular Lens Decentration

Purpose: To compare the parameters of capsulorrhexis and intraocular lens decentration after femtosecond laser capsulotomy and manual continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis in high myopic patients with cataracts.Methods: This is a prospective consecutive non-randomized comparative cohort study. Selected patients with axial length &gt; 26.0 mm were divided into femtosecond laser capsulotomy (FS) group and manual continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (CCC) group. Five experienced phacoemulsification surgeons conducted all surgeries. Intraoperative complications and post-operative anterior segment photography were recorded. Intraocular lens decentration, area of capsulorrhexis, circularity, and capsule overlap were measured at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 years after surgery. Between group differences of parameters were determined with independent-sample t-test or the Mann–Whitney U-test, analysis of variance test, Pearson chi-square test, and Spearman rank correlation test.Results: The study included 142 eyes (108 patients), 68 eyes in the FS group, and 74 eyes in the CCC group. At 1 week, 1 month, and 2 years after surgery, the area of capsulorrhexis in the CCC group was significantly larger than in the FS group (P &lt; 0.05), while no significant difference was noted in circularity values. The complete overlap ratio in the FS group was significantly higher than that in the CCC group (P &lt; 0.05) at each measured timepoint. Significant correlations were noted between the anterior chamber depth and the area of capsulorrhexis in the CCC group (R = 0.25, P = 0.04), but did not correlate in the FS group (P &gt; 0.05). In patients with an anterior chamber depth &gt;3 mm, the capsule-intraocular lens (IOL) overlap of the CCC group was less than that of the FS group at all measured timepoints after surgery (P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the IOL decentration in the CCC group was significantly greater than that of the FS group in those patients at 2 years after surgery (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: In high myopic patients with cataracts, with anterior chamber depth more than 3 mm, femtosecond laser capsulotomy can achieve better capsulorrhexis sizing and centering. Due to more precise capsulotomy and a better capsule-IOL overlap in the FS group, femtosecond laser capsulotomy resulted in better long-term centration of the IOL.

scholarly journals Oxycodone 5 Miligram is More Effective Than Ketorolac 30 Miligram in Suppressing Cortisol Levels During General Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Kelvin ◽  
Rizal Zainal ◽  
Irwanto FH ◽  
Erial Bahar
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Background: Preemptive analgesia is a developing clinical concept, which involves administering analgesics before pain stimulation occurs, to prevent the sensitization of the nervous system to further stimuli that can cause pain. Ketorolac has strong analgesic properties oxycodone is a semisynthetic opioid that is synthesized from the alkaloid thebaine opiate. Pain could induce stress hormone such as cortisol. Study to compare ketorolac and oxycodone with cortisol has not been investigated. This study aimed to assess intravenous administration of ketorolac 30 mg compared with intravenous 5 mg oxycodone for pain as measured by cortisol levels post-intervention in surgery performed under general anesthesia. Method: A study randomized controlled trial in double-blind form for patients at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, who will undergo elective surgery with general anesthesia at the Central Surgical Installation building, with the period September-October 2020. There are 24 study samples, to anticipate dropouts, an added sample size is 10%, so the sample size is 26 for each treatment group. The selection of subjects according to the purpose of the study was carried out by simple random. Data analysis using SPSS ver 22.0 software. Data were analyzed using Independent T-Test, Mann Whitney, and Chi-Square Test. Result: The results showed, there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of intravenous administration of ketorolac 30 mg and intravenous oxycodone 5 mg on pain as measured by cortisol levels in patients undergoing general anesthesia at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang (p = 0.013). The value of cortisol levels in pre- operative patients who will be given general anesthesia at dr. There was no statistically significant difference between Mohammad Hoesin in the two groups (p = 0.107). The value of cortisol levels in preoperative patients who were given ketorolac 30 mg intravenously at dr. Mohammad Hoesin was 9.90 ± 4.2. The value of cortisol levels in postoperative patients who were given ketorolac 30 mg intravenously at dr. Mohammad Hoesin was 17.75 ± 6.08. The value of preoperative cortisol levels for patients who were given oxycodone 5 mg intravenously at dr. Mohammad Hoesin was 12.03 ± 5.10. The value of postoperative cortisol levels for patients who were given oxycodone 5 mg intravenously at dr. Mohammad Hoesin is 14.50 ± 4.75. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the effectiveness of intravenous administration of ketorolac 30 mg and oxycodone 5 mg intravenously on BSS levels (p = 0.005) and VAS scores (p = 0.001) who underwent general anesthesia at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang.

scholarly journals Public Opinion on Cultures Changes in Chennai

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3158-3160
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Culture modification may be a term employed in public political affairs that emphasizes the influence of cultural capital on individual and community behavior. it's been generally known as positioning of culture,which suggests the reconstruction of the cultural idea of a society.there is no significant difference between traditional culture and age . The aim to understand about cultural changes in chennai . For research methodology we use discripitive methods is used For the aim of the study ,descriptive analysis .for sampling methods Convenience sampling ways is employed. For Sample size 1480 samples. Independent variable such as Age ,Monthly financial gain,Gender,educational qualifications . Dependent are variable , ancient culture ,Changes in culture ,Social mediaWorship ,traditional ,spending,time,outdoors game.Statisticspercentage analysis ,Chi square ,Correlation ,Independent sample t check ,Anova. the sample size about 1480 .From this research it was found the cultural changes is mainly caused about people forgot of traditional cultures. The main courses of cultural changes is social media .From the research I found cultural changes is mostly increased in the city’s then I give suggestions people want follow traditions culture

scholarly journals Hospitalisasi Pasien Skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Fitria Dewi Yunitasari ◽  
Ilil Maidatuz Zulfa
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Predictor Factors

ABSTRAKSkizofrenia merupakan gangguan atau kumpulan gangguan mental yang mempengaruhi pemikiran, persepsi, dan perilaku sosial dan penyebabnya sebagian besar masih belum diketahui. Pengobatan farmakologis skizofrenia menggunakan obat-obat golongan antipsikotik terutama dalam jangka waktu lima tahun setelah episode akut pertama muncul. Penggunaan antipsikotik berpotensi menimbulkan kejadian hospitalisasi yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien terkait penurunan fungsi sosial pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi jenis kelamin dan jenis pengobatan antipsikotik sebagai faktor prediktor hospitalisasi pasien skizofrenia. Analisis cross sectional jenis kelamin dan penggunaan antipsikotik dilakukan pada rekam medis pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya Bulan Oktober 2017 yang didiagnosis skizofrenia (ICD-10 F20). Faktor prediktor hospitalisasi pasien  dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square for goodness of fit yang membandingkan perbedaan jumlah frekuensi antar kategori pada masing-masing faktor prediktor. Faktor jenis terapi antipsikotik digolongkan menjadi tipikal, atipikal, dan kombinasi. Hasil menunjukan terdapat perbedaan jumlah pasien pada tiga jenis terapi yang berbeda (p-value 0,000) dimana sebagian besar pasien yang dirawat dirumah sakit menerima antipsikotik tipikal (47,41%). Perbandingan jenis kelamin tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada pasien yang dirawat. Dapat disimpulkan jenis antipsikotik tipikal kemungkinan dapat mempengaruhi kejadian hospitalisasi pada pasien skizofrenia. Kata kunci: Skizofrenia, antipsikotik tipikal, antipsikotik atipikal, hospitalisasi.ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a mental disorder that affect thought, perception, and social behaviours. Most of causes of schizophrenia are unknown. Pharmacological treatments of schizophrenia use antipsychotics especially during  five years after first acute episode observed. The use of antipsychotics potentially lead to hospitalization that can affect to patients’ quality of life. This study was aimed to analyze the potential of gender and types of antipsychotic treatments as predictor factors in hospitalization of schizophrenia patients. Cross sectional analysis in gender and types of antipsycotics was conducted to medical records of inpatients at Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya diagnozed with Schizophrenia (ICD-10 Code F20) in October 2017. Chi-square for goodness of fit test was used to determine the difference amount of patients among different gender and different types of antipsychotics used as predictor factors. Types of antipsychotics used was classified into three categories which were patients who received typical antipsychotic, atypical antipsycotic and combination. The results showed that there was a significant difference in amount of hospitalized patients who received typical antipsychotic, atypical antipsycotic and combination (p-value 0,000) which most of hospitalized patients received atypical antipsychotics (47,41%).On the other hand, the proportion of gender among hospitalized patients was found have no significant difference. In conclusion, types of antipsychotics used might related to the hospitalization of schizophrenia patients.Keywords: Schizophrenia, Typical antipsychotic, Atypical antipsychotic, Hospitalization.

scholarly journals Dental Practitioners and their Perceptions Regarding the Use of Antioxidants in the Promotion of Oral Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Nadia Khan ◽  
Anam Khan ◽  
Burshida Khalid ◽  
Gauri Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Central India ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test

INTRODUCTION: The role of free radicals is well established as a crucial component of the immune system. AIM: To assess the perception of dental practitioners of Northern and Central India regarding the role of antioxidants in oral health.MATERIALS AND METHOD: A pre-tested and pre-validated online questionnaire was distributed among various dental practitioners in Northern and Central India which consisted of dichotomous responses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, followed by the Chi square test to check significant differences between the responses. Correlation between responses were analysed through the Spearman’s rank correlation. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS 20).RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed among the genders, with females 126 (43.7%) having lesser knowledge than males 162(56.3%) regarding the use of antioxidants in their clinical practice. High knowledge scores were observed in 288 (69.2%) dental professionals. Postgraduates were found to have (p=0.05) a higher level of knowledge as compared to graduates.CONCLUSION: The use of antioxidants in dentistry should be increased through the conduction of various CDE programmes. workshops and evidence-based practice guidelines.

scholarly journals Training Needs Assessment of Technical Skills in Managers of Tehran Electricity Distribution Company

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Amir Hasan Koohi ◽  
Fatemeh Ghandali ◽  
Hasan Dehghan ◽  
Najme Ghandali
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Training Needs Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distribution Company

<p class="apa">Current dissertation has been conducted in order to investigate and detect training needs of the mangers (top and middle) in Tehran Electricity Distribution Company. Research method is applied kind based on its purpose. Due to data collection method, this query is descriptive-survey type. Statistical population in this study is all of managers in Tehran Electricity Distribution Company in 2014 who are 144 men. Sample size has been determined 108 persons referring to the Morgan’s table. To sample, multi-steps clustering method has been applied. Data collected using questionnaires. Questionnaire’s validity has been obtained using comments by experts, guidance professor and consultant professors and its reliability was obtained via experimental implementation and calculating Cronbach’s alpha which is equal to 0.93 Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques (Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, skewness, elongation, minimum and maximum) and inferential statistical techniques (single group Chi-square test, independent t-test and Friedman’s One-way Analysis of Variance and post hoc LSD test). Research findings imply that training needs assessment of technical skills in directors are: Technical issues, how to use computer and internet, Personnel and administrative matters, administrative rules and regulations, administrative correspondence principles and archive mechanisms, staff evaluation, appropriate use of funds, supervision, respectively. Also, it was manifested that there is a significant difference between training needs assessment of directors’ technical skills based on their experience. No significant difference was observed between managers’ technical skills based on their educational degree.</p>

scholarly journals The Parents’ Parenting Patterns, Education, Jobs, and Assistance to Their Children in Watching Television, and Children’s Aggressive Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwati Purwati ◽  
Muhammad Japar
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
T Test ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
Children Education

<p class="apa">The objective of this present is to test the effects of<strong> </strong>the parents’<strong> </strong>parenting patterns, education, jobs,<strong> </strong>and assistance to children in watching television on the children’s aggressive behavior. This present research employed a quantitative approach with an ex-post factor design. The data were collected from 175 parents of which the children showed aggressive behavior. The children were studying at formal and non-formal Early Age Children Education in Magelang city. The data were obtained using: 1) questionnaires: the parents’ parenting patterns, education, jobs, assistance to their children in watching television; 2) interviews: teachers to understand children with aggressive behavior, and 3) Observation: children with aggressive behavior. The data were then analyzed using statistical techniques: descriptive, regression, chi-square and t-test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant effect of parenting patterns, education, jobs, and assistance of the parents to the children in watching television on the children’s aggressive behavior. And there was a significant difference in the aggressive behavior between boys and girls where it is the boys who showed more aggressive behavior.</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Gambar Lewat Komputer terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika pada Siswa Kelas X Sma Negeri 3 Makassar

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Mukarramah Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Inferential Analysis

This study is an experimental research, which aims to obtain information on physics learning outcomes of students of class X SMA Negeri 3 Makassar who follow the learning through the use of media images via computer and follow the conventional learning lesson year 20013/2014. Population in this research is student of class X SMA Negeri 3 Makassar. The research samples used class random technique and obtained two classes. One class is used as an experimental class that follows the learning through the use of computerized image media and one more class as a control class that follows conventional learning with a sample size of 58 students. Data processing of this research using two statistical techniques, namely: 1) Descriptive Analysis Technique to describe the characteristics of student learning outcomes of class X SMA 3 Makassar, 2) Inferential Analysis Technique with "t" test to test the research hypothesis which then becomes chi-square test because one of the data is not normally distributed. The results of inferential analysis obtained information that: "There is a significant difference between students' physics learning outcomes that follow the learning through the use of computerized image media with students who follow the conventional learning in grade X students SMA Negeri 3 Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Makassar yang mengikuti pembelajaran melalui penggunaan media gambar lewat komputer dan yang mengikuti pembelajaran secara konvensional tahun pelajaran 20013/2014. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Makassar. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik random kelas dan diperoleh dua kelas. Satu kelas dijadikan kelas eksperimen yang mengikuti pembelajaran melalui penggunaan media gambar lewat komputer dan satu kelas lagi sebagai kelas kontrol yang mengikuti pembelajaran secara konvensional dengan jumlah sampel 58 orang siswa.  Pengolahan data hasil penelitian ini menggunakan dua teknik statistik, yaitu: 1) Teknik Analisis Deskriptif untuk menggambarkan karakteristik hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Makassar, 2) Teknik Analisis Inferensial dengan uji “t” untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian yang kemudian menjadi uji chi-kuadrat karena salah satu data tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil analisis inferensial diperoleh informasi bahwa: “Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar fisika siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran melalui penggunaan media gambar lewat komputer dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran secara konvensional  pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Makassar”.

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