Abstract
Mature carbonate reservoirs under waterflood in Kuwait suffer from relatively low oil recovery due to poor sweep efficiency, both areal and microscopic. An Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) pilot is in progress targeting the Sabriyah Mauddud (SAMA) reservoir in pursuit of reserves growth and production sustainability. SAMA suffers from reservoir heterogeneities mainly associated with permeability contrast which may be improved with a conformance treatment to de-risk pre-mature breakthrough of water and chemical EOR agents in preparation for subsequent ASP injection and to improve reservoir contact by the injected fluids. Design of the gel conformance treatment was multi-faceted. Rapid breakthrough of tracers at the pilot producer from each of the individual injectors, less than 3 days, implied a direct connection from the injectors to the producer and poses significant risk to the success of the pilot. A dynamic model of the SAMA pilot was used to estimate in the potential injection of either a high viscous polymer solution (~200 cp) or a gel conformance treatment to improve contact efficiency, diverting injected fluid into oil saturated reservoir matrix. High viscosity polymer injection scenarios were simulated in the extracted subsector model and showed little to no effect on diverting fluids from the high permeability streak into the matrix. Gel conformance treatment, however, provides benefit to the SAMA pilot with important limitations. Gel treatment diverts injected fluid from the high permeability zone into lower permeability, higher oil saturated reservoir. After a gel treatment, the ASP increases the oil cut from 3% to 75% while increasing the cumulative oil recovery by more than 50 MSTB oil over ASP following a high viscosity polymer slug alone. Laboratory design of the gel conformance system for the SAMA ASP pilot involved blending of two polymer types (AN 125SH, an ATBS type polymer, and P320 VLM and P330, synthetic copolymers) and two crosslinkers (chromium acetate and X1050, an organic crosslinker). Bulk testing with the polymer-crosslinker combinations indicated that SAMA reservoir brine resulted in not gel system that would work in the SAMA reservoir, resulting in the recommendation of using 2% KCl in treated water for gel formulation. AN 125 SH with S1050 produce good gels but with short gelation times and AS 125 SH with chromium acetate developed low gels consistency in both waters. P330 and P320 VLM gave good gels with slow gelation times with X1050 crosslinker in 2% KCl. Corefloods with the P330-X 1050 showed good injectivity and ultimately a reduction of permeability of about 200-fold. A P330-X 1050 was recommended for numerical simulation studies. Numerical simulator was calibrated by matching bulk gel viscosity increases and coreflood permeability changes. Numerical simulation indicated two of the four injection wells (SA-0557 and SA-0559) injection profile will change compared to water. Overall injection rate was reduced by the conformance treatment and was the corresponding oil rate. Total oil production from the center pilot production well (SA-0560) decreased with gel treatment but ultimately increased to greater rates
Improving Oil Recovery of the Heterogeneous Low Permeability Reservoirs by Combination of Polymer Hydrolysis Polyacrylamide and Two Highly Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria
