Effect of the Citric Acid as Blowing Agent on the Compressive Properties and Morphology of PLA/ENR Blend Foams

2017 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Sumate Ouipanich ◽  
Thiti Kaisone ◽  
Pran Hanthanon ◽  
Chanon Wiphanurat ◽  
Yupawan Thongjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blowing Agents ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Twin Screw

The effect of a blowing agents that affected Polylactic acid (PLA) and Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) the blowing agents composed of citric acid (CA) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) mixing by twin screw extruder with co-rotation screw. The properties of biodegradable foams were investigated. Blended foams of all composition were prepared by using compression molding at 200°C using different proportions of PLA, ENR, CA and NaHCO3. Mechanical properties of the samples were characterized by using universal testing machine. Thermal properties including Glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc) and melting temperature (Tm) were examined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Physical properties including morphology and density of blended foams were also investigated and morphological properties were studied with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Study on the Properties of LDPE/POE/Zeolite Molecular Sieves Composite Film

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 2347-2350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Nian Zhao ◽  
Xin Xin Nie ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Ethylene Octene Copolymer ◽  
Blending Process

By means of melt blending process in a co-rotating twin screw extruder with two-step process, the low density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene octene copolymer (POE)/zeolite molecular sieves (ZMS) composites were prepared. The influence of ZMS on the crystallinity, mechanical properties and permeability was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), universal testing machine and permeability tester, respectively. The results showed that the addition of ZMS made the crystallinity of composite film decreased and the growth rate of crystal nucleus promoted. As the content of ZMS rose, the mechanical properties of composite film decreased, while the CO2, O2permeability and the moisture permeability increased.

scholarly journals Tensile and Micro Structural Properties Analysis of Biodegradable Polymer Blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1866-1869 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

poly lactic acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and tapioca cassava starch powder (TCSP) were melt blended using twin screw extruder. Mechanical properties, which are tensile strength, young’s modulus, % elongation and flexural strength Vs. flexural modulus determined by the help of Universal testing machine (INSTRON UTM-3969) .Morphological of PLA/ABS /TCSP blends was investigated by the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the SEM images of (b-d) shows spherical morphology on the tensile fractured

Influence of Styrene Maleic Anhydride Compatibilizer on the Properties of Polyurethane Carbon Nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369351502400
Author(s):  
Bharathi Mariappan ◽  
Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Styrene Maleic Anhydride

In this study styrene maleic anhydride polymer was used as compatibilizer in making nanocomposites of polyurethane with carbon nanotubes (single walled) using twin screw extruder. The dispersion of nanotubes in polymer matrix was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal properties were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyser. The tensile strength of the nanocomposites was estimated using Instron tensile testing machine. The result reveals that the addition of compatibilizer increases the tensile strength and the degradation temperature. In addition the energy calculation shows by using the compatibilizer the energy consumption of the extruder can be reduced.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

Effect of different extrusion methods on physicochemical properties and qualities of noodles based on rice flour

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110692
Author(s):  
Nispa Seetapan ◽  
Bootsrapa Leelawat ◽  
Nattawut Limparyoon ◽  
Rattana Yooberg
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Capillary Rheometer ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermomechanical Processes

Rice noodles have been manufactured in the food industry using different extrusion methods, such as traditional and modern extrusions, which affect the noodle structure and qualities. Therefore, the effects of the extrusion process on qualities of rice noodles using the same blend of rice flour and crosslinked starch were evaluated. In this study, a capillary rheometer was used as an alternative approach to simulate the traditional extrusion method in which the noodles are obtained by continuously pressing the pregelatinized noodle dough through a die. For modern extrusion, a twin-screw extruder was employed to obtain the noodles in a one-step process. The optimal range of moisture content used in the formulation was studied. Upon cooking, the noodles showed a decrease in cooking time and cooking loss with increasing moisture content in the formulation. All cooked noodles showed comparable tensile strength, but those extruded by a twin-screw extruder had substantially greater elongation. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the noodles prepared using the extruder had a denser starch matrix, while those obtained from a capillary rheometer showed the aggregation of starch fragments relevant to the existence of starch gelatinization endotherm from differential scanning calorimetry. This indicated that the extrusion process using the twin-screw extruder provided a more uniform starch transformation, i.e., more starch granule disruption and gelatinization, thus giving the noodles a more coherent structure and better extensibility after cooking. The obtained results suggested that different thermomechanical processes used in the noodle industry gave the extruded rice noodles different qualities respective to their different microstructures.

Toughening Modification of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Polycarbonate Blends by Poly(ethylene-co-octene)

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-394
Author(s):  
Huiyu Bai ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yinxi Zhang ◽  
Xiangfu Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bisphenol A Polycarbonate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Impact

New toughened poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) blends were obtained by melt blending with commercial poly(ethylene-co-octene) copolymer (POE), varying the POE content up to 10 wt%, in a twin screw extruder, followed by injection moulding. The influence of POE on the properties of the PBT/PC blends was investigated in terms of mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results showed that addition of POE led to remarkable increases in the impact strength, elongation at break and Vicat temperature, and a reduction in the tensile strength and flexural properties of PBT/PC blends. The morphology of the blends was observed using SEM and the average diameter of the dispersed phase was determined by image analysis. The critical inter-particle distance for PBT/PC was determined.

Viscoelastic, thermal, and morphological properties of nanocomposites based on modified PVA using a twin-screw melt extrusion process

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1555-1568
Author(s):  
B Rajeswari ◽  
N Malarvizhi ◽  
Dhanasekaran Prakash ◽  
Sellamuthu N Jaisankar
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Bonding System ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Melting Endotherm

Melt polymer nanocomposites were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with the different weight percentage of calcined clays (CCs) in a twin-screw extruder at 210°C and 70 r min−1 for 8 min. Bentonite was surface functionalized with benzidine using dilute hydrochloric acid at 60°C and calcined at 600°C for 6 h. The CCs were incorporated into the PVA matrix to study their morphology and rheological properties. The melt viscosities of the composites were measured by the cone-plate rheometer, the rheogram show non-Newtonian and thixotropic flow behavior. Scanning electron microscope confirmed the degree of exfoliated nanocomposites. The polymer and functionalized nanoclay interactions were reflected in the enhancement of thermal stability and mechanical properties. The melting endotherm temperature ( T m) and glass transition temperature ( T g) of the nanocomposites tend to increase with increase in weight percentage of the calcined nanoclays. Thermal properties show that addition of calcined nanoclays would improve the thermal decomposition temperatures from 295°C to 307°C when CC content was 2 wt% in covalent or ionic bonding system.

Tuning of HDPE Properties for 3D Printing

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweesinee Chatkunakasem ◽  
Panisa Luangjuntawong ◽  
Aphiwat Pongwisuthiruchte ◽  
Chuanchom Aumnate ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Low Crystalline

The objective of this study is to improve high density polyethylene (HDPE) properties for 3D printing by addition of graphene and low density polyethylene (LDPE). Graphene was prepared by modified Hummer’s method. The prepared graphene was characterized by the infrared spectroscopy and the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Graphene/HDPE and LDPE/HDPE composites were successfully prepared through the melt-blending technique using a twin-screw extruder. The melt flow index (MFI) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize neat HDPE and the modified HDPE. FTIR and XRD results show that graphite was successfully changed into graphene completely and MFI of graphene/HDPE and LDPE/HDPE decreased as the amount of graphene and LDPE in the composite blends increased. DSC results show that the addition of low crystalline polymers can reduce a crystallization temperature and crystallinity content.

Effect of Compatibilizer Content on the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of PET/PP (70/30) Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mohammed Inuwa ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
Sani Amril Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Pp Blends

This work investigates the effect of compatibilizer concentration on the mechanical properties of compatibilized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) /polypropylene (PP) blends. A blend containing 70 % (wt) PET, 30 % (wt) PP and 5 - 15 phr compatibilizers were compounded using counter rotating twin screw extruder and fabricated into standard test samples using injection molding. The compatibilizer used is styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene grafted maleic anhydride triblock copolymer (SEBS-g-MAH). Morphological studies show that the particle size of the dispersed PP phase is dependent on the compatibilizer content up to 10 phr. Impact strength and elongation at break showed maximum values with the addition of 10 phr SEBS-g-MAH and a corresponding decrease in flexural and young’s moduli; and strengths.. Overall the mechanical properties of PET/PP blends depend on the control of the morphology of the blend and can be achieved by effective compatibilization using 10 phr SEBS-g-MAH.

Effect of Compatibilizers on Mechanical Thermal and Morphology Properties of HDPE/TiO2 Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 93-94 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
N. Wiriyanukul ◽  
S. Wacharawichanant
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Dispersion Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work studies the effect of PE-g-MA compatibilizer on mechanical thermal and morphological properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites. The HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites with and without PE-g-MA compatibilizer were prepared by melt mixing technique in a twin screw extruder. The results found that Young's Modulus of HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites increased with increasing TiO2 contents. The addition of PE-g-MA compatibilizer had no significant effect on the tensile strength and stress at break of HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites. The decomposition temperatures of HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites before and after adding PE-g-MA compatibilizer increased with increasing TiO2 contents. The dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles in HDPE matrix was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The dispersion of nanoparticles in HDPE matrix with PE-g-MA compatibilizer was relatively good, only a few aggregates exited.

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