Architects: From Tool Users to Tool Makers, Exemplified by “Auto-Theater”

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Peng
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Parameter Design ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Theater Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All

In this paper, a theater design tool, “Auto-theater”, tentatively made by the author is proposed to improve the theater design based on the parameter design. In the past, almost all the architects used the tools made by the software manufactures to draw graphics. Now, a few architects start to make the tools by themselves to generate designs. The primary objective is to help the architects focus themselves from using drawing tools onto making their own design tools, so that they will better understand the architectural rules. The paper describes in detail the development of “Auto-theater”, discusses its application and outlooks its future.

Introducing User Participative Design Methods to Industrial Designers

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 787-790
Author(s):  
John V H Bonner ◽  
J. Mark Porter
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Designers ◽  
Tool Set ◽  
Participative Design

Communication between designers and human factors specialists needs to be improved. Over the past few years we have been conducting a range of studies to explore and identify how to improve this communication deficit. A participatory design tool-set was designed to encourage designers and potential end-users of future interactive products to communicate their design intentions and user needs through the use of drawing and placing cards on a table with the use of some limited role-playing. This paper reports on two case studies conducted at two organisations involved in the development of consumer products. Suggestions are provided on how these type of design tools can be improved to increase acceptance by user interface designers.

The bifurcation of advanced packaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000834-000855
Author(s):  
John Park
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
3D Ic ◽  
Package Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advanced Packaging

Following a similar trend from the 1990's, IC package design is experiencing a sea change. As a refresher, the 1990's is when the ball grid array (BGA) came along, introducing a whole new set of design tool requirements. The mechanical design tools used for the previous generation of lead frame styled packages were no longer capable of supporting the new design requirements of the BGA. In short, the BGA introduced multi-layer routable organic and ceramic substrates and new possibilities for stacking (and embedding) multi-die, requiring designers to abandon their mechanical design tools and look at new solutions for doing package design. On top of that, IO's were switching faster than ever, requiring engineers to look at new ways of electrically characterizing these designs. As a result, a couple of EDA companies stepped up and adapted their printed circuit board (PCB) layout and analysis tools for that generation of BGA-based advanced packaging. Problem (more or less) solved! Fast forward to today and we see a very similar trend. Now being introduced at a rapid pace, are new advanced IC packaging solutions that have a lot more silicon content, wafer stacking and, in some cases, chips being packaged directly at the wafer-level at traditional IC foundries, skipping the traditional OSAT model of the past. Make no mistake, this is a significant change to the status quo of BGA package design tools of the past. The PCB-like flows that were established for BGA design are likely not the path forward for technologies like, 2.5D/3D IC and fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP). Instead, in all likelihood IC design tools and flows will need to be slightly adapted to support the next generation of package designs. Let's start with foundry-based FOWLP. In this case, induvial dice are placed on a chip-carrier with additional spacing between them. Molding is poured in the empty space and then an array of bumps (UBM) and the connectivity (RDL) are added. In foundry-based flows, these UBM and RDL layers require IC-styled routing/metal fill and mask generation from the layout tool. In addition, these masks must be verified with traditional IC DRC/LVS tools. It's clear that some kind of hybrid advanced packaging flow using some traditional IC tools in the flow is required to support this type of design. And in fact, if you look at the largest semiconductor foundries reference flow tools, you will find this to be true. This presentation further examines the design tool/flow requirement for FOWLP, 2.5D/3D IC and future multi-die packaging technologies.

BP Global Energy Outlook 2030

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rühl
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The Us ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Oil Gas

This paper presents the highlights of the third annual edition of the BP Energy Outlook, which sets out BP’s view of the most likely developments in global energy markets to 2030, based on up-to-date analysis and taking into account developments of the past year. The Outlook’s overall expectation for growth in global energy demand is to be 36% higher in 2030 than in 2011 and almost all the growth coming from emerging economies. It also reflects shifting expectations of the pattern of supply, with unconventional sources — shale gas and tight oil together with heavy oil and biofuels — playing an increasingly important role and, in particular, transforming the energy balance of the US. While the fuel mix is evolving, fossil fuels will continue to be dominant. Oil, gas and coal are expected to converge on market shares of around 26—28% each by 2030, and non-fossil fuels — nuclear, hydro and renewables — on a share of around 6—7% each. By 2030, increasing production and moderating demand will result in the US being 99% self-sufficient in net energy. Meanwhile, with continuing steep economic growth, major emerging economies such as China and India will become increasingly reliant on energy imports. These shifts will have major impacts on trade balances.

Sharade Marathe. Regulation and Development: The Indian Policy Experience of Controls Over Industry. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. 1986. 328 pp.Price: (Hardbound edition) Rupees (Indian) 195.00.

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Indian Policy ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distinguished Career ◽  
Comprehensive Manner

This book documents in a comprehensive manner the 'twists and turns' in India's industrial policy and strongly suggests the need for a re-orientation of this policy to overcome the weaknesses in the industrial structure and to utilize the sources of its strength. The author has had a distinguished career in the Indian Economic Service and brings this experience to bear on his analysis of the evolution of industrial policy in India. In India, the primary objective of planned development has been the creation of a technologically mature society capable of sustaining a process of self-propelled growth without extreme concentration of wealth in a few hands. It is rightly pointed out in the book that this objective is possible only in the context of rapid growth, which is the ultimate test of industrial policy. The book traces the origins of India's industrial policy and analyses its evolution during the past thirty years, showing how there has been an increasing gap between the objectives of this policy and the performance of the industrial sector.

Building Research Teams

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Peach
Keyword(s):  
Common Goal ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Building Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Collective Activity ◽  
Research Administrators ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Century Science

This chapter discusses the process of building research teams. Increasingly over the past three-quarters of a century, science has become a collective activity, with teams of tens, hundreds or even thousands of scientists, engineers and technicians working together on a common goal. Consequently, almost all research involves building, motivating and maintaining a research team. Even a theoretical group is likely to have one or two postdocs, graduate students and visitors, but research teams will, in addition, have engineers and technicians, as well as, possibly, research administrators. The chapter also addresses the importance of creating and maintaining a good team and team spirit, as large projects are assembled from a large number of small teams working on common goals, usually in a loose federated structure with some overall coordination and leadership.

scholarly journals Improved PrEP Awareness and Use among Trans Women in San Francisco, California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Wilson ◽  
Christopher J. Hernandez ◽  
Susan Scheer ◽  
Dillon Trujillo ◽  
Sean Arayasirikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Receptive Anal Intercourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Hiv Behavioral Surveillance ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

AbstractTransgender women face a serious risk of HIV infection. Despite this, there is limited knowledge and use of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We measured the continuity of prevention across services in the PrEP cascade and correlates of PrEP use among trans women in San Francisco enrolled in the 2019/20 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study. Knowledge and use of PrEP among trans women in San Francisco increased in recent years; almost all (94.0%) had heard about PrEP, 64.7% had discussed PrEP with a healthcare provider, and 44.8% had taken PrEP in the past 12 months. PrEP use was associated with participation in a PrEP demonstration project (aOR = 31.44, p = 0.001) and condomless receptive anal intercourse (aOR = 3.63, p = 0.024). Injection drug use was negatively associated (aOR = 0.19, p = 0.014). Efforts are needed to combat the gender-based stigma and discrimination faced by trans women, which can result in avoidance and mistrust of the medical system.

An Interactive Morphological Matrix Computational Design Tool: A Hybrid of Two Methods

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari R. Bryant ◽  
Matt Bohm ◽  
Robert B. Stone ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Computational Design ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Design Theories ◽  
The University ◽  
Matrix Generator

This paper builds on previous concept generation techniques explored at the University of Missouri - Rolla and presents an interactive concept generation tool aimed specifically at the early concept generation phase of the design process. Research into automated concept generation design theories led to the creation of two distinct design tools: an automated morphological search that presents a designer with a static matrix of solutions that solve the desired input functionality and a computational concept generation algorithm that presents a designer with a static list of compatible component chains that solve the desired input functionality. The merger of both the automated morphological matrix and concept generation algorithm yields an interactive concept generator that allows the user to select specific solution components while receiving instantaneous feedback on component compatibility. The research presented evaluates the conceptual results from the hybrid morphological matrix approach and compares interactively constructed solutions to those returned by the non-interactive automated morphological matrix generator using a dog food sample packet counter as a case study.

Fast Text Processing for Interlaced Sports or News Videos

2015 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Qian Huang ◽  
Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
Text Processing ◽  
Picture Quality ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Coding Efficiency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Visual Artifacts ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Almost All

Interlaced scanning has been widely used as a trade-off solution between picture quality and transmission bandwidth since the invention of television. During the past decades, various interlaced-to-progressive conversion algorithms have been proposed to improve subjective quality or coding efficiency. However, almost all the researchers concentrate on general cases, without making full use of specific application scenarios. Based on extensive investigations, eliminating visual artifacts in areas of subtitles and station captions for interlaced sports and news videos is still an unsolved problem, which will be addressed in this paper. Firstly, motion estimation is performed between field pictures. Secondly, text edge detection is proposed for sports and news videos. Finally, different processing strategies are applied to text regions and non-text regions. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate much better text content than existing algorithms. In addition, it is quite stable for non-text parts.

scholarly journals Clinical Characterisation and Management of the Main Treatment-Induced Toxicities in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cirrhosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Fausto Meriggi ◽  
Massimo Graffeo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatic Impairment ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systemic Treatments ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Locoregional Therapies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Selection Of

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to increase worldwide, particularly in Western countries. In almost all cases, HCC develops in subjects with hepatic cirrhosis, often as the result of hepatitis B or C virus infection, alcohol abuse or metabolic forms secondary to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Patients with HCC and hepatic symptoms can therefore present symptoms that are attributable to both conditions. These patients require multidisciplinary management, calling for close interaction between the hepatologist and the oncologist. Indeed, the treatment of HCC requires, depending on the disease stage and the degree of hepatic impairment, locoregional therapies that can in turn be broken down into surgical and nonsurgical treatments and systemic treatments used in the event of progression after the administration of locoregional treatments. The past decade has seen the publication of countless papers of great interest that have radically changed the scenario of treatment for HCC. Novel therapies with biological agents and immunotherapy have come to be standard options in the approach to treatment of this cancer, obtaining very promising results where in the past chemotherapy was almost never able to have an impact on the course of the disease. However, in addition to being costly, these drugs are not devoid of adverse effects and their management cannot forgo the consideration of the underlying hepatic impairment. Patients with HCC and cirrhosis therefore require special attention, starting from the initial characterisation needed for an appropriate selection of those to be referred for treatment, as these patients are almost never fit. In this chapter, we will attempt to investigate and clarify the key points of the management of the main toxicities induced by locoregional and systemic treatments for HCC secondary to cirrhosis.

115 An Audit on Dexamethasone Prescribing Practice on Surgically Managed Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression Patients in the Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences: Lessons Learned in Closing the Loop

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Laurente ◽  
R Mohammed ◽  
M Elmalky
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression is a surgical emergency owing to its propensity to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Dexamethasone is prescribed to reduce oedema and promote vascular membrane stabilization. The is done so until a more definitive management has been performed. This is a retrospective study evaluating the steroid-prescribing practice for MSCC patients in 2018 at a tertiary spinal unit in Greater Manchester. Thirty-three patients who underwent stabilisation were evaluated in terms of both steroid prescribing and weaning practices. Standards used against for both were the NICE guidelines and the Edinburgh/Christie’s guidelines. Of the 33 patients evaluated, only 1 patient received the correct loading dose of 16mg, whilst 27 went straight to being given 8mg BD. 5 did not receive dexamethasone at all. In terms of discontinuation/weaning, 26 were weaned accordingly and 2 were not weaned to continue as adjuvant treatment. Dexamethasone prescribing practises has since improved over the past two years. 93% of the patients have been correctly weaned as compared to 38% in the past. In terms of prescription, much needs to be done as almost all the patients evaluated did not get the correct loading dose despite receiving the appropriate maintenance.

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