Introducing User Participative Design Methods to Industrial Designers

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 787-790
Author(s):  
John V H Bonner ◽  
J. Mark Porter
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Designers ◽  
Tool Set ◽  
Participative Design

Communication between designers and human factors specialists needs to be improved. Over the past few years we have been conducting a range of studies to explore and identify how to improve this communication deficit. A participatory design tool-set was designed to encourage designers and potential end-users of future interactive products to communicate their design intentions and user needs through the use of drawing and placing cards on a table with the use of some limited role-playing. This paper reports on two case studies conducted at two organisations involved in the development of consumer products. Suggestions are provided on how these type of design tools can be improved to increase acceptance by user interface designers.

scholarly journals FRAMEWORK TO ASSIST IN SELECTING HUMAN CENTRED DESIGN TOOLS AND METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammer Harb
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Design Workshop ◽  
Selection Framework ◽  
Tools And Methods ◽  
Human Centred Design

Human Centred Design is a significant approach in design. It increases the value of design as well as helping businesses to overcome the challenges of not meeting user needs. However, the abundance of Human Centred Design tools and the difficulty to discriminate between them have created the urge to develop selection framework for these tools in regard to the design process. In this paper, I present a framework to assist in selecting Human Centred Design tools. I highlight the significance of the Human Centred Design approach. I also explain the theoretical background behind creating the framework. Then I describe the participatory design workshop method I used to support and validate the results of the theoretical background in order to further develop the selection framework. This framework can be adopted in the design field in order to facilitate the process and to support practitioners’ decisions to select suitable tools.

The bifurcation of advanced packaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000834-000855
Author(s):  
John Park
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
3D Ic ◽  
Package Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advanced Packaging

Following a similar trend from the 1990's, IC package design is experiencing a sea change. As a refresher, the 1990's is when the ball grid array (BGA) came along, introducing a whole new set of design tool requirements. The mechanical design tools used for the previous generation of lead frame styled packages were no longer capable of supporting the new design requirements of the BGA. In short, the BGA introduced multi-layer routable organic and ceramic substrates and new possibilities for stacking (and embedding) multi-die, requiring designers to abandon their mechanical design tools and look at new solutions for doing package design. On top of that, IO's were switching faster than ever, requiring engineers to look at new ways of electrically characterizing these designs. As a result, a couple of EDA companies stepped up and adapted their printed circuit board (PCB) layout and analysis tools for that generation of BGA-based advanced packaging. Problem (more or less) solved! Fast forward to today and we see a very similar trend. Now being introduced at a rapid pace, are new advanced IC packaging solutions that have a lot more silicon content, wafer stacking and, in some cases, chips being packaged directly at the wafer-level at traditional IC foundries, skipping the traditional OSAT model of the past. Make no mistake, this is a significant change to the status quo of BGA package design tools of the past. The PCB-like flows that were established for BGA design are likely not the path forward for technologies like, 2.5D/3D IC and fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP). Instead, in all likelihood IC design tools and flows will need to be slightly adapted to support the next generation of package designs. Let's start with foundry-based FOWLP. In this case, induvial dice are placed on a chip-carrier with additional spacing between them. Molding is poured in the empty space and then an array of bumps (UBM) and the connectivity (RDL) are added. In foundry-based flows, these UBM and RDL layers require IC-styled routing/metal fill and mask generation from the layout tool. In addition, these masks must be verified with traditional IC DRC/LVS tools. It's clear that some kind of hybrid advanced packaging flow using some traditional IC tools in the flow is required to support this type of design. And in fact, if you look at the largest semiconductor foundries reference flow tools, you will find this to be true. This presentation further examines the design tool/flow requirement for FOWLP, 2.5D/3D IC and future multi-die packaging technologies.

Architects: From Tool Users to Tool Makers, Exemplified by “Auto-Theater”

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Peng
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Parameter Design ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Theater Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All

In this paper, a theater design tool, “Auto-theater”, tentatively made by the author is proposed to improve the theater design based on the parameter design. In the past, almost all the architects used the tools made by the software manufactures to draw graphics. Now, a few architects start to make the tools by themselves to generate designs. The primary objective is to help the architects focus themselves from using drawing tools onto making their own design tools, so that they will better understand the architectural rules. The paper describes in detail the development of “Auto-theater”, discusses its application and outlooks its future.

Engineering Applicability of a Universal Design Performance Measure

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Talley ◽  
Richard H. Crawford ◽  
Kimberly Talley
Keyword(s):  
Universal Design ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Industrial Designers

Universal Design (UD) is defined as the creation of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialization. There is a growing need for such products. However, many products are not accessible to all potential customers, arguably due to a lack of experience, design tools, and engineering methods for creating universally designed products. Currently, there are no industry standard design tools or methods to assist engineers in the universal design of products. The Center for Universal Design (North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC) has created the Universal Design Performance Measure for Products (UDPMP), based on the seven principles of universal design, which is intended to assist industrial designers. This paper reports on research to evaluate the applicability of the UDPMP for assisting engineers in the universal design of consumer products. An experiment was conducted in which a group of practicing engineers analyzed three standard kitchen products (can opener, salad spinner, and corkscrew) to identify metrics that should be improved to create a UD version of these standard products. Half of the engineers, the test group, completed this exercise using the UDPMP, while the other half, the control group, did not use the tool. The results of the experiment show that the UDPMP assisted the engineers in the test group for a limited subset of the universal design principles. In particular, the test group identified reduction in force for the user as an important metric for universally designed products. The metrics generated in the experiment were most commonly linked with principle six of the UDPMP tool, i.e., “low physical effort.” The identified metrics were then physically measured for the standard products as well as for paired award-winning UD products to determine if the metrics were indeed improved in the UD product. Additionally, a comparison of functional models of the products was performed to identify any functional differences between each pair of standard and UD products. Improvement in metrics associated with low physical effort was verified for the UD products over the standard products, and added functionality was identified in the UD products that address these metrics. The research indicates that engineers who were given the UDPMP did generate more metrics that were improved in the UD versions of the products than engineers without the tool. While the UDPMP does assist engineers in certain aspects of UD design, it is clearly not a comprehensive tool for engineers. There is a need to develop tools and methods to promote UD by engineer designers of consumer products.

An Interactive Morphological Matrix Computational Design Tool: A Hybrid of Two Methods

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari R. Bryant ◽  
Matt Bohm ◽  
Robert B. Stone ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Computational Design ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Design Theories ◽  
The University ◽  
Matrix Generator

This paper builds on previous concept generation techniques explored at the University of Missouri - Rolla and presents an interactive concept generation tool aimed specifically at the early concept generation phase of the design process. Research into automated concept generation design theories led to the creation of two distinct design tools: an automated morphological search that presents a designer with a static matrix of solutions that solve the desired input functionality and a computational concept generation algorithm that presents a designer with a static list of compatible component chains that solve the desired input functionality. The merger of both the automated morphological matrix and concept generation algorithm yields an interactive concept generator that allows the user to select specific solution components while receiving instantaneous feedback on component compatibility. The research presented evaluates the conceptual results from the hybrid morphological matrix approach and compares interactively constructed solutions to those returned by the non-interactive automated morphological matrix generator using a dog food sample packet counter as a case study.

HyperGear: An Object Oriented Design Program for Single Stage Gear Box Design

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Gabriele ◽  
Agustî Maria I. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Object Oriented Design ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Gear Box ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Object Oriented Languages

Abstract The need for superior design tools has lead to the development of better and more complex computer aided design programs. Two of the more important new developments in application tools being investigation are Object Oriented Languages, and HyperMedia. Object Oriented Languages allow the development of CAD tools where the parts being designed and the design procedures specified are conceptualized as objects. This allows for the development of design aids that are non-procedural and more readily manipulated by the user trying to accomplish a design task. HyperMedia allows for the easy inclusion of many different types of data, such as design charts and graphs, into the tool that are normally difficult to include in design tools programmed with more conventional programming languages. This paper explores the development of a computer aided design tool for the design of a single stage gear box using the development HyperCard® environment and the HyperTalk® programming language. The resulting program provides a user friendly interface, the ability to handle several kinds of design information including graphic and textual, and a non-procedural design tool to help the user design simple, one stage gear boxes. Help facilities in the program make it suitable for undergraduate instruction in a machine elements design course.

Reward Dominance in Tax-Reporting Experiments: The Role of Context

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Wartick ◽  
Silvia A. Madeo ◽  
Cynthia C. Vines
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Real World ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
The Impact

During the past decade, the experimental economics method increasingly has been used to study the impact of tax policy on taxpayer behavior. Experimental economics in taxation typically tests tax applications of expected utility and psychological theory by creating a real microeconomy in the laboratory. A key requirement is strict control over the parameters of the experimental setting and subject preferences. One generally accepted procedure to achieve experimental control is to avoid references to real-world phenomena in instructions to subjects. The reasoning underlying this procedure is that if subjects associate the experiment with real-world phenomena, they may make decisions based on values associated with the real-world context instead of the rewards and penalties of the microeconomy. Despite this, several recent tax-reporting experiments that otherwise conform to the experimental economics method have used explicit tax terminology. In discussing the results of these experiments, the authors and commentators stated that the results probably were not affected by the tax context. We conducted an experiment to further examine whether the results of a tax-reporting experiment were affected by context. We found that subjects reported significantly more income when the context of the experiment was tax than when the context was nontax. This effect differed, however, depending on the age of the subjects. While subjects 25 years of age and older reported approximately twice as much income in the tax context as they did in the nontax context, subjects under 25 reported only slightly more in the tax context than in the nontax context. These results provide evidence that role playing based on individual subject characteristics occurred when contextual cues were provided.

Burning Assets? Designing Wood Fuel Energy Strategies in Mozambique

2017 ◽  
pp. 422-447
Author(s):  
Ricardo Martins
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Wood Fuel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Energy Strategies

Getting wood for cooking, heating, processing into charcoal and/or selling is a fundamental part of most household survival strategies in Developing Countries. Entangling in complex and dynamic ways local and global ecosystems, poverty, technology and business Wood Fuel Energy Systems (WES) are fundamental and require simple to use design tools to support the strategic and optimised used of available socio-ecological resources/assets. However, there are very few tools able to support relevant actors (e.g. charcoal makers, experts, policy makers) in that task. To bridge that gap the 2MBio, a participatory conceptual design tool to support the strategic design of WES, is introduced and its practical results in Mozambique presented. The 2MBio explicit in a simple and intuitive layout the set of necessary and sufficient resources/assets required to produce comprehensive and meaningful WES designs/strategies, which represent in themselves a strategic asset, while further stimulates knowledge and creativity as a tacit asset.

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