The Synthesis of the Novel Vacuum Ultraviolet Double Frequency Crystal KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
Yao Wen Ban ◽  
Wen Li Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jian Han
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Size ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Phase Matching ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Double Frequency ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Growth Methods

KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) crystal is a sole important and practical ultraviolet nonlinear optical material. It can realize the output of vacuum ultraviolet laser below 200nm with the method of phase-matching. However, it is difficult to grow a practical crystal size with the general growth methods such as fluxed melts, hydrothermal or prism-coupling technique because of the layering growth habit. A reduced-pressure melts growth method was presented to grow bulk KBBF crystal and how to achieve the high quality raw material for growth is a critical factor. In this paper, the influences of syntheses methods of raw material and experiment conditions were discussed, and the best syntheses method was selected.

Oriented Reduced-Pressure Melts Growth of the Vacuum Ultraviolet Double Frequency Crystal KBe2BO3F2

2013 ◽  
Vol 313-314 ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Wen Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Frequency Doubling ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Double Frequency ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Doubling Method ◽  
Experimental Researches

A bulk vacuum ultraviolet double frequency crystal KBe2BO3F2(KBBF) crystal has been grown successfully by using a method of oriented reduced-pressure melts growth, and the optical properties of the grown crystal, such as optical transparency and the second harmonic efficiency, were also measured. The results show that the high-frequency absorption edge is observed at 150nm and the optical transparency was up to 75% in the spectral range between 250nm and 400nm. The second harmonic efficiency was measured with an outer cavity frequency-doubling method and its maximal value was about 68.5%. The experimental researches indicate that the oriented reduced-pressure melts growth is a promising growth method for bulk KBBF crystal and it is possible for applying as a frequency-doubling device for the vacuum ultraviolet region.

Reduced-Pressure Melts Growth of the Vacuum Ultraviolet Double Frequency Crystal KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF)

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 2315-2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Li Wang ◽  
Kuai She Wang ◽  
Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Frequency Doubling ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Double Frequency ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet Region

A reduced-pressure melts growth method was first presented to grow the vacuum ultraviolet double frequency crystal KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF). The bulk KBBF crystal, with a dimension of about 11mm×10mm×5mm, has been grown successfully, and the grown crystal exhibits a high optical homogeneity except for the seed zone. The optical transmittance spectrum of the grown KBBF crystal was measured and it indicated that the high-frequency absorption edge is observed at 160nm, the transmittance is up to about 70% between 250nm and 400nm. The results show that the reduced-pressure melts growth is a promising growth method for bulk KBBF crystal and the grown KBBF crystal is possible for applying as a frequency-doubling device for the vacuum ultraviolet region.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

Self-Toughness Porous Sodium Titanate Bioceramics Prepared via In Situ Grown Na2Ti6O13 Rods

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 806-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei Ma ◽  
Jian Xing Shen ◽  
Ke Chang Zhang ◽  
Ling Kai Kong ◽  
Jia Le Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Porous Bioceramic ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Titanate Ceramics

Here in, we report the porous bioceramic with Na2Ti6O13 rods prepared by in‒situ growth method. The samples were prepared using cold uniaxial pressing (40 MPa) technique and further sintered at different temperatures. The structure and morphology were characterized by XRD and SEM. The porosity, compressive strength and fracture toughness were also investigated. The bone-like apatite deposition ability of the fabricated ceramic samples was evaluated by Kokubo simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking method. The results indicated that the Na2Ti6O13 rods with about 1‒3 μm in diameter are uniformly distributed in the self‒toughness porous sodium titanate ceramics (SPSTC). The SPSTC with a porosity of 61.10±1.12 % exhibits good compressive strength (43.36±2.43 MPa) and fracture toughness (3.47±0.21 MPa·m1/2). The results indicate that the novel SPSTC scaffolds are promising for bone tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Surface-Modified Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) for Biosensing and Bioimaging

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Janus ◽  
Julia Radwan-Pragłowska ◽  
Marek Piątkowski ◽  
Dariusz Bogdał
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Synthesis Approach ◽  
Effective Analysis

Recently, fluorescent probes became one of the most efficient tools for biosensing and bioimaging. Special attention is focused on carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which are characterized by the water solubility and lack of cytotoxicity. Moreover, they exhibit higher photostability comparing to traditional organic dyes. Currently, there is a great need for the novel, luminescent nanomaterials with tunable properties enabling fast and effective analysis of the biological samples. In this article, we propose a new, ecofriendly bottom-up synthesis approach for intelligent, surface-modified nanodots preparation using bioproducts as a raw material. Obtained nanomaterials were characterized over their morphology, chemical structure and switchable luminescence. Their possible use as a nanodevice for medicine was investigated. Finally, the products were confirmed to be non-toxic to fibroblasts and capable of cell imaging.

scholarly journals Pelletization of Sunflower Seed Husks: Evaluating and Optimizing Energy Consumption and Physical Properties by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyang Cui ◽  
Junhong Yang ◽  
Xinyu Shi ◽  
Wanning Lei ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Seed Husk

Pelletization is a significant approach for the efficient utilization of biomass energy. Sunflower seed husk is a common solid waste in the process of oil production. The novelty of this study was to determine the parameters during production of a novel pellet made from sunflower seed husk. The energy consumption (W) and physical properties (bulk density (BD) and mechanical durability (DU)) of the novel pellet were evaluated and optimized at the laboratory by using a pelletizer and response surface methodology (RSM) under a controlled moisture content (4%–14%), compression pressure (100–200 MPa), and die temperature (70–170 °C). The results show that the variables of temperature, pressure, and moisture content of raw material are positively correlated with BD and DU. Increasing the temperature and moisture content of raw materials can effectively reduce W, while increasing the pressure has an adverse effect on W. The optimum conditions of temperature (150 °C), pressure (180 MPa), and moisture content (12%) led to a BD of 1117.44 kg/m3, DU of 98.8%, and W of 25.3 kJ/kg in the lab. Overall, although the nitrogen content was slightly high, the novel manufactured pellets had excellent performance based on ISO 17225 (International Organization for Standardization of 17225, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016). Thus, sunflower seed husk could be considered as a potential feedstock for biomass pelletization.

Greenhouse gas emissions reduction by process intensification: Reactive distillation column with side decanter

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2093768
Author(s):  
Alexandra-Elena Plesu Popescu ◽  
Jordi Bonet ◽  
Joan Llorens
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Heat Of Reaction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Total Reflux

Direct hydration of cyclohexene to produce cyclohexanol is the industrial process with a lower raw material cost but with a quite expensive process. Large energy consumption is consequence of large cyclohexene recycle related with its unfavourable chemical equilibrium. This study corroborates that the Asahi process is a good candidate for intensification avoiding the cyclohexene recycle. Rigorous simulation shows that a single reactive distillation column, with a side decanter, operated at total reflux, allows overcoming the chemical equilibrium limitations as the product is continuously collected by the column bottoms and the heat of reaction is directly used to separate the product by distillation. The novel process is studied and compared to the classical Asahi process. An energy comparison with the available processes proposed in the literature is performed. Therefore, achieving more energy-efficient processes leads to lowering their environmental impact, thus decreasing the carbon dioxide emissions. Applying the proposed methodology for cyclohexanol production, more than 67,000 t CO2/y emissions can be avoided compared to the nowadays used classical process, thus the potential savings applying process intensification to the chemical industry are very large and worth further investigation.

scholarly journals Iron (III) Oxide-Based Ceramic Material for Radiation Shielding

Ceramics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Mori ◽  
Yohei Oku ◽  
Yudo Mannami ◽  
Takahiro Kunisada
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Energy Gamma ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Materials Used

We developed a new ceramic from raw material mainly composed of iron (III) oxide. The measured attenuation coefficient of the ceramic for high-energy gamma rays was in the range 0.268–0.355, which is approximately 40% of that of lead and twice that of concrete. The measured penetrating dose of the ceramic is half of that of concrete. Thus, the novel ceramic material named RASHIX may serve as a novel ceramic alternative for the wide variety of radiation shielding materials used in construction.

Art, A Simulacrum of Reality — Problems in the Criticism of African Literature

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon O. Iyasere
Keyword(s):  
African Literature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Novel ◽  
General Culture

Of all works of literature, the novel is the most referential, the most discursive, and the most elusive. According to Philip Stevick's analysis, the novel, more than any other genre, is capable of containing large, developed consistent images of people, and can give form to a set of attitudes regarding a particular society, history, or the general culture of which it is an important part.1 David Daiches is accurate in pointing out the closeness of this relationship between the novel and its milieu: ‘Civilization is the attitudes and actions of people, and fiction uses these… as the raw material out of which to construct the kind of pattern we call a novel. No other art does this quite so directly.2

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