The Removal Effect on Chironomus kiiensis larvae and Mutagenicity in Urban Water Source with Chlorine Dioxie

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 744-749
Author(s):  
Xing Bin Sun ◽  
Fu Yi Cui ◽  
Zhao Chao Hou ◽  
Lin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Molecular State ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
By Products

Chironomus kiiensis larvae which cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process propagates prolifically in eutrophic water body, and it therefore turns to be a potential problem encountered in drinking water quality. In order to tackle this problem, a pilot-scale study of removal effect on Chironomus kiiensis larvae with chlorine dioxide in a waterworks is performed. The experiment results showed that Chironomus kiiensis larvae can be effectively removed from water by 0.55 mg/L chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation combined with the conventional drinking water treatment process. Higher oxidizability and molecular state of chlorine dioxide in water is the key to the inactivation of Chironomus kiiensis larvae. The chlorite, disinfection by-products (DBPs) of chlorine dioxide, is stable at 0.217 mg/L, which is lower than that critical value of the WHO. Ames test revealed that the mutagenicity was reduced by chlorine dioxide with respect to prechlorine. The propagation of Chironomus kiiensis larvae can be inactivated effectively and safely by chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation.

Tracking disinfection by-products and arsenic removal during various drinking water treatment trains

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3169-3177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Tubić ◽  
Božo Dalmacija ◽  
Jasmina Agbaba ◽  
Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas ◽  
Mile Klašnja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Water Quality Simulation ◽  
By Products

In the central Banat region (Northern Serbia), groundwater is used as a drinking water source. Raw water originates from a 40–80 m and 100–150 m deep layer. It contains a high amount of natural organic matter (DOC = 9.17 ± 0.87 mg C/L) with a trihalomethanes formation potential of 448 ± 88.2 μg/L and a haloacetic acid formation potential of 174 ± 68.9 μg/L. A high amount of arsenic (86.0 ± 3.4 μg/L) is also found in this water. This study used a pilot-scale system to investigate the possibilities of combining polyaluminium chloride and ferrous-chloride to remove disinfection by-products precursors and arsenic by coagulation. Two treatment trains with different pre-treatment steps were investigated (ozone vs. H2O2/O3). For the final water polishing, filtration with granulated activated carbon (GAC) was applied. Both investigated treatment lines achieved a satisfactory chemical water quality. Simulation of disinfection conditions was performed and the contents of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids measured, to investigate whether the chemical quality of the water remained satisfactory over a 48 hour period.

Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Drinking Water from Eight Systems Using Chlorine Dioxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Aranda Rodriguez ◽  
Boniface Koudjonou ◽  
Brian Jay ◽  
Guy L. LeBel ◽  
Frank M. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

Abstract A study was initiated to determine the presence of organic disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water treated with chlorine dioxide (ClO2). One potential advantage for the use of ClO2 as a disinfectant is the reduced formation of organic DBPs. Generally, water treated with ClO2 produces chlorite and chlorate ions, but there is limited information regarding the presence of halogenated organic DBPs. Eight systems that use chlorine dioxide as part of the water disinfection process were investigated. All systems in this study applied chlorine as a primary or secondary disinfectant in addition to ClO2. To evaluate seasonal and spatial variations, water samples were collected during cold water (February to March 2003) and warm water (July to August 2003) months at five sites for each system: raw water (R, before treatment), treated water (T, after treatment but before distribution), and three points along the same distribution line (D1, D2, D3). Sampling and analysis were conducted according to established protocols. A suite of 27 organic DBPs including haloacetic acids (HAA), trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetonitriles (HAN), haloketones, haloacetaldehydes (HA), chloropicrin, and cyanogen chloride were examined. In addition, the concentration of oxyhalides (chlorite and chlorate ions) and auxiliary parameters were also determined. Chlorite was found in treated (T) and distributed (Dx) waters. The chlorite ion levels decreased along the distribution system (T > D1 > D2 > D3). At T sites, the levels ranged from 10 to 870 µg/L (winter), and from 300 to 1,600 µg/L (summer). Chlorite was not found in treated or distributed water in the one system that used ozone. Chlorate ion levels ranged from 20 to 310 µg/L (winter), and 80 to 318 µg/L (summer). Chlorate levels remained relatively constant throughout the distribution system. THM and eight HAA (HAA8) accounted for approximately 85% of the total DBPs (wt/wt) analyzed, followed by total HA (up to 7%) and HAN (3%). THM in distributed water were found at concentrations between 1.8 and 30.6 µg/L (winter), and 3.3 and 93.6 µg/L (summer). For HAA8, the levels ranged from 13 to 52 µg/L (winter), and 16 to 111 µg/L (summer). Chloral hydrate ranged from 0.2 to 5.2 µg/L (winter), and 0.4 to 12.2 µg/L (summer). The temporal and spatial variations observed in previous studies were confirmed in the current study as well.

Synergic Removal on Chironomus kiiensis larvae in Urban Water Source with Pre-Oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 735-739
Author(s):  
Xing Bin Sun ◽  
Fu Yi Cui ◽  
Zhao Chao Hou ◽  
Lin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Sedimentation Process ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Inactivation Efficiency

Chironomus kiiensis larvae which cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process propagates prolifically in eutrophic water body, and it therefore turns to be a potential problem encountered in drinking water quality. In this work, the quantitative experimental studies were carried out on removal of Chironomus kiiensis larvae in raw water by coagulation-sedimentation process. The coagulation jar test showed that the Chironomus kiiensis larvae could be partially removed from water by coagulation-sedimentation process. Based on it, removal effect of pre-oxidation combined with coagulation-sedimentation process on Chironomus kiiensis larvae was evaluated. The results showed that chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation possessed better removal performance than prechlorinion, and Chironomus kiiensis larvae in the raw water could be completely removed by chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation in combination with the coagulation-sedimentation process at chlorine dioxide dosage of 0.8mg/L. The pH in the range of 6-8 did not affect the inactivation efficiency of chlorine dioxide, whereas pH 10 resulted in around 10% decrease in removal rate. Meanwhile, the removal rate of Chironomus kiiensis larvae improved with the temperature increasing within the range investigated of 15-30°C. The removal rate was reduced by 6.7% when temperature reduced from 30°C to 15°C.

Progress on Drinking Water Treatment with Chlorine Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhong Guo ◽  
Yan Zhen Yu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Guang Yong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Filter Water ◽  
By Products

By the reason of strong responses activity and oxidation ability, Chlorine dioxide as oxidant and disinfectant has been applied to peroxidation and disinfection more and more widely.In this paper, it give an account of the preparation of chlorine dioxide, as oxidants to raw water pretreatment, used in filter water disinfection ,the detection technology of chlorine dioxide and disinfection by-products, the water quality standards formulated by domestic and overseas chlorine dioxide in using chlorine dioxide, and summarized progress on drinking water treatment with chlorine dioxide .

A novel biofilm-membrane reactor for advanced drinking water treatment - pilot scale study

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
K. Kimura ◽  
Y. Watanabe ◽  
N. Ohkuma
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Chemical Washing ◽  
Pre Treatment

The authors have proposed a novel biofilm-membrane reactor (BMR) in which nitrifying biofilm is fixed on the surface of the rotating membrane disk. With this reactor, both strict solid-liquid separation and oxidation of ammonia nitrogen can be simultaneously performed. Based on the knowledge obtained in the previous experiments with the bench-scale equipment, a pilot scale study was conducted using river water at a water purification plant. The results obtained in the pilot study can be summarized as follows: (1) A pilot scale BMR worked successfully even with the water from an actual drinking water source. By implementation of pre-treatment (coagulation and sedimentation), the filter run could be continued for more than 8 months without any chemical washing. (2) The sponge cleaning developed in this study was found to be very effective. This indicates that the accumulated cake resistance is dominant in the practical situation. (3) Sufficient nitrification was observed when water temperature was high. (4) In addition to the nitrification, biological oxidation of AOC and manganese can be expected with the BMR. In this study, both AOC and manganese concentration in the permeate decreased to a level less than 10 μg/L.

Comparison on Permanganate and Ozone as Pre-Oxidation Agents

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3408-3413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Oxidation Reactor

Comparative study on permanganate and ozone as pre-oxidation agents were performed on pilot scale with traditional drinking water treatment process, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), UV254, turbidity, trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were examined at each reactor’s effluent. The results show that at pre-oxidation reactor, the total organic remained stable after by the two agents, while for UV254, pre-ozonation has a removal rate of 34%, comparing that of 17% by permanganate. At the sedimentation process, 0.4 mg/L permanganate improves the removal rate of turbidity and COD by 0.99 % and 8.4%, respectively; while a positive COD removal of 11.8 % was achieved by 0.9 mg/L pre-ozonation, and an average of-10.08% turbidity removal was achieved at applied dosage (0.5, 0,9 and 1.5 mg/L), which can be made up for in the followed sand filtration reactor. Both permanganate and pre-ozonation show higher removal rate of THMFP for the finished water.

scholarly journals MANAGING AND MODELING OF THE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT SLUDGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-179
Author(s):  
M. Farhaoui
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
By Products

Water management is a key pillar of sustainable development. Indeed, the rational use of water has become a condition for new investments in the water sector as many sectors. Optimizing the production of drinking water is one aspect. This optimization involves not only the choice of water resource use but also the management of by-products of the water treatment process to manage sustainably the exploited water resources. The city of Meknes is watered from two sources and a set of holes (14), the turbidity of water sources can vary depending on rainfall recorded in the region. A water treatment plant (600 l/s) was performed for the purification of water sources. Through this study, we focus on modeling of sludge volume produced by this plant.  The objective is to design a model for calculating the sludge volume from the actual data recorded in the plant. The model ca be used by the operator to predict the sludge volume and can be used also by the designers. The results of this study demonstrated that the volumes calculated from the model constructed considering the data recorded at the station perfectly match the volumes produced with a determination coefficient of 100%. The application of this model can not only provide the operator with an effective tool for managing of the station by-products but also to provide designers with a formula to prevent over/under design of structures. Therefore, these measures help to optimize the cost of production of drinking water and will play an important role in the sustainable development of water resources.

Evaluation of Drinking Water Treatment Alternatives for Taste and Odour Reduction

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
N. Fok ◽  
P.M. Huck ◽  
G.S. Walker ◽  
D.W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
The North ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Alternatives ◽  
The City

Abstract The City of Edmonton draws its drinking water from the North Saskatchewan River. Periodic taste and odour episodes have been related to organic compounds from urban runoff draining into the river. This paper describes the testing of 3 water treatment processes to reduce taste and odour. Chlorine dioxide, ozone and granular activated carbon were evaluated at pilot scale. Ethyl benzene was spiked into the water as a surrogate for taste and odour to permit quantitative comparisons. Under the conditions tested, ozone provided better removals than chlorine dioxide. GAC provided effective removals as well.

Factors Influencing the Formation of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids in Source Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gai Mei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
By Products

Humic acid and aromatic organic compounds (AOCs) detected generally in source water recently could react with chlorine during drinking water treatment process to generate disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). To simulate the real contaminated water, in the samples containing humic acid, 1,3-benzenediol, 1,4-benzenediol, 1,2-benzenediol, phenol and benzoic acid as representative AOCs were added to conduct chlorination test in order to analyze the impacts of some factors on the formation of THMs and HAAs. The research results indicated that THMs concentration increased with pH but HAAs concentration decreased with pH, and chlorine time, temperature and chlorine dosage all had the functional relationships with the formation of THMs and HAAs. These results could provide the valuable information for the effective control of DBPs during drinking water treatment operation.

The formation and control of emerging disinfection by-products of health concern

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1904) ◽  
pp. 4077-4095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart W. Krasner
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emerging Dbps ◽  
By Products

When drinking water treatment plants disinfect water, a wide range of disinfection by-products (DBPs) of health and regulatory concern are formed. Recent studies have identified emerging DBPs (e.g. iodinated trihalomethanes (THMs) and acids, haloacetonitriles, halonitromethanes (HNMs), haloacetaldehydes, nitrosamines) that may be more toxic than some of the regulated ones (e.g. chlorine- and bromine-containing THMs and haloacetic acids). Some of these emerging DBPs are associated with impaired drinking water supplies (e.g. impacted by treated wastewater, algae, iodide). In some cases, alternative primary or secondary disinfectants to chlorine (e.g. chloramines, chlorine dioxide, ozone, ultraviolet) that minimize the formation of some of the regulated DBPs may increase the formation of some of the emerging by-products. However, optimization of the various treatment processes and disinfection scenarios can allow plants to control to varying degrees the formation of regulated and emerging DBPs. For example, pre-disinfection with chlorine, chlorine dioxide or ozone can destroy precursors for N -nitrosodimethylamine, which is a chloramine by-product, whereas pre-oxidation with chlorine or ozone can oxidize iodide to iodate and minimize iodinated DBP formation during post-chloramination. Although pre-ozonation may increase the formation of trihaloacetaldehydes or selected HNMs during post-chlorination or chloramination, biofiltration may reduce the formation potential of these by-products.

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